Pub Date : 2024-08-25DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.531208
Ming-Hui Jin, Ya Li, Shao-Hua Yi
Skin and hair are the outermost interfaces between the human body and the external environment with many microorganisms distributed. These body surface microorganisms have individual specificity and spatial temporal stability and can be transferred to the surface of other objects through contact, and can be easily found at the crime scene, which helps to construct the connection between the suspect and the crime scene. When the sample is degraded or the DNA quantity is too low to obtain sufficient human DNA evidence, the highly amplified copies of body surface microbiome analysis can be used as an adjunct to human DNA typing without affecting DNA extraction and typing, and provide useful information for narrowing the range of suspects. This paper reviews the forensic characteristics and analytical methods of body surface microbiome, the research progress on the application of body surface microbiome to forensic individual identification, and puts forward the challenges of applying body surface microbiome to forensic practice.
{"title":"Research Progress on the Application of Human Body Surface Microbiome to Forensic Individual Identification.","authors":"Ming-Hui Jin, Ya Li, Shao-Hua Yi","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.531208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.531208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin and hair are the outermost interfaces between the human body and the external environment with many microorganisms distributed. These body surface microorganisms have individual specificity and spatial temporal stability and can be transferred to the surface of other objects through contact, and can be easily found at the crime scene, which helps to construct the connection between the suspect and the crime scene. When the sample is degraded or the DNA quantity is too low to obtain sufficient human DNA evidence, the highly amplified copies of body surface microbiome analysis can be used as an adjunct to human DNA typing without affecting DNA extraction and typing, and provide useful information for narrowing the range of suspects. This paper reviews the forensic characteristics and analytical methods of body surface microbiome, the research progress on the application of body surface microbiome to forensic individual identification, and puts forward the challenges of applying body surface microbiome to forensic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 4","pages":"379-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-25DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440303
Jian-Feng Wang, Chen-Teng Yang, Guo-Zhong Zhang, Bin Cong
Cerebrocardiac syndrome refers to secondary cardiac damage caused by various craniocerebral injury lesions, which can exacerbate existing heart disease. In the practice of forensic pathology, cerebral-cardiac interaction is often ignored in cases of death with a short time after craniocerebral injury, especially those with underlying heart disease. This article reviews the pathogenesis of cerebrocardiac syndrome by summarizing recent research results of cerebrocardiac syndrome at home and abroad and discusses its significance in the field of forensic medicine. The aim is to provide assistance for forensic medicine practice of cerebrocardiac syndrome.
{"title":"Advances in the Study of Cerebrocardiac Syndrome and Its Forensic Significance.","authors":"Jian-Feng Wang, Chen-Teng Yang, Guo-Zhong Zhang, Bin Cong","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrocardiac syndrome refers to secondary cardiac damage caused by various craniocerebral injury lesions, which can exacerbate existing heart disease. In the practice of forensic pathology, cerebral-cardiac interaction is often ignored in cases of death with a short time after craniocerebral injury, especially those with underlying heart disease. This article reviews the pathogenesis of cerebrocardiac syndrome by summarizing recent research results of cerebrocardiac syndrome at home and abroad and discusses its significance in the field of forensic medicine. The aim is to provide assistance for forensic medicine practice of cerebrocardiac syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 4","pages":"372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To explore the causes of related medical damage risks and preventive measures by analyzing the identification results of medical damage in 20 urological death cases.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 death cases of medical damage identification involving urology diagnosis and treatment accepted by the Judicial Appraisal Center, School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, and Academy of Forensic Science from 2010 to 2023.
Results: Among the 20 cases, the male-to-female ratio was 1.5∶1. The age of the identified persons ranged from 37 to 84 years old, with an average age of 59.2 years. There were 21 medical institutions involved, with 81.0% being tertiary medical institutions. The statistical results of the causes of death showed that 60.0% deaths were due to infectious shock or hemorrhagic shock.
Conclusions: The causative potency analysis of medical damage in urological death cases is closely related to the patients' diseases, the death consequences of medical damage, and medical errors. Analyzing characteristics of typical cases can improve the comprehensive analysis ability of forensic examiners in similar cases, help them understand the rationality and compliance of medical behaviors in different situations, in order to make more accurate and comprehensive judgments.
{"title":"Analysis of the Identification Results of Medical Damage in 20 Urological Death Cases.","authors":"Ji-Lun Li, Chao Luo, Ying Fan, Jia-Wen Wang, Jian-Hua Zhang","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the causes of related medical damage risks and preventive measures by analyzing the identification results of medical damage in 20 urological death cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 death cases of medical damage identification involving urology diagnosis and treatment accepted by the Judicial Appraisal Center, School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, and Academy of Forensic Science from 2010 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 20 cases, the male-to-female ratio was 1.5∶1. The age of the identified persons ranged from 37 to 84 years old, with an average age of 59.2 years. There were 21 medical institutions involved, with 81.0% being tertiary medical institutions. The statistical results of the causes of death showed that 60.0% deaths were due to infectious shock or hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The causative potency analysis of medical damage in urological death cases is closely related to the patients' diseases, the death consequences of medical damage, and medical errors. Analyzing characteristics of typical cases can improve the comprehensive analysis ability of forensic examiners in similar cases, help them understand the rationality and compliance of medical behaviors in different situations, in order to make more accurate and comprehensive judgments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 4","pages":"359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-25DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530403
Li-Ming Wu, An-Qi Chen, Su-Hua Zhang, Cheng-Tao Li
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish the identification method of tumor tissue origin based on commonly used STR typing kits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ForenSeq<sup>TM</sup> DNA Signature Prep kit was used to detect the typing of 27 autosomal STR loci in 55 paired tumor tissue samples (tumor tissue paired with normal tissue of the same individual) and 75 unrelated individual whole blood samples. The genotyping data of full sibling pairs and parent-child pairs of 55 tumor tissues were simulated. The number of total identical alleles (<i>A<sub>n</sub></i>) and identity by state (IBS) scores were calculated within the paired carcinoma (PC), the tumor-unrelated individual (UI), the tumor-simulated full sibling (FS) and the tumor-simulated parent-offspring (PO) groups. The tumor tissue origin identification and prediction models of 8 commonly used STR typing kits were established based on the statistical results obtained above, and an attempt was made to establish a specific model for tumor tissue origin identification. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were verified and evaluated using the additional 23 paired tumor tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) In any kit, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of loci shared with 0 identical allele (<i>A</i><sub>0</sub>) between the PC and PO groups. The number of loci shared with 1 identical allele (<i>A</i><sub>1</sub>), 2 identical alleles (<i>A</i><sub>2</sub>), and IBS scores were statistically significant different between the PC group and the UI, FS and PO groups. (2) The <i>A<sub>n</sub></i> and IBS scores of different STRs varied in different groups. The <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> levels of 13 STRs (<i>CSF1PO</i>, <i>D12S391</i>, <i>D19S433</i>, <i>D20S482</i>, <i>D2S1338</i>, <i>D3S1358</i>, <i>D4S2408</i>, <i>D7S820</i>, <i>D8S1179</i>, <i>FGA</i>, <i>TH01</i>, <i>TPOX</i>, <i>vWA</i>) in PC group were higher than those of other STR loci. The <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> levels of two STRs (<i>D6S1043</i>, <i>Penta E</i>) in UI group were significantly lower than those of other STR loci. (3) The tumor tissue origin identification and prediction models of 8 commonly used STR typing kits and the identification model of tumor tissue origin with 15 STR loci (15-STRs) were successfully established, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97.56%-99.88%, and accuracy of 97.59%-99.89%. Among them, the 15-STRs model had 100% sensitivity, 99.88% specificity, and 99.89% accuracy, which were higher than those of commonly used commercial kits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study successfully establishes the tumor tissue origin identification methods with 8 commonly used STR typing kits, which expands the application of tumor tissue origin identification. In addition, the differences of different loci in the identification of tumor tissue origin were compared, and 15 STR loci which were particularly suitable for the identification of tumor tissue origi
{"title":"Identification Methods of Tumor Tissue Origin Based on Different STR Typing Kits.","authors":"Li-Ming Wu, An-Qi Chen, Su-Hua Zhang, Cheng-Tao Li","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish the identification method of tumor tissue origin based on commonly used STR typing kits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ForenSeq<sup>TM</sup> DNA Signature Prep kit was used to detect the typing of 27 autosomal STR loci in 55 paired tumor tissue samples (tumor tissue paired with normal tissue of the same individual) and 75 unrelated individual whole blood samples. The genotyping data of full sibling pairs and parent-child pairs of 55 tumor tissues were simulated. The number of total identical alleles (<i>A<sub>n</sub></i>) and identity by state (IBS) scores were calculated within the paired carcinoma (PC), the tumor-unrelated individual (UI), the tumor-simulated full sibling (FS) and the tumor-simulated parent-offspring (PO) groups. The tumor tissue origin identification and prediction models of 8 commonly used STR typing kits were established based on the statistical results obtained above, and an attempt was made to establish a specific model for tumor tissue origin identification. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were verified and evaluated using the additional 23 paired tumor tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) In any kit, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of loci shared with 0 identical allele (<i>A</i><sub>0</sub>) between the PC and PO groups. The number of loci shared with 1 identical allele (<i>A</i><sub>1</sub>), 2 identical alleles (<i>A</i><sub>2</sub>), and IBS scores were statistically significant different between the PC group and the UI, FS and PO groups. (2) The <i>A<sub>n</sub></i> and IBS scores of different STRs varied in different groups. The <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> levels of 13 STRs (<i>CSF1PO</i>, <i>D12S391</i>, <i>D19S433</i>, <i>D20S482</i>, <i>D2S1338</i>, <i>D3S1358</i>, <i>D4S2408</i>, <i>D7S820</i>, <i>D8S1179</i>, <i>FGA</i>, <i>TH01</i>, <i>TPOX</i>, <i>vWA</i>) in PC group were higher than those of other STR loci. The <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> levels of two STRs (<i>D6S1043</i>, <i>Penta E</i>) in UI group were significantly lower than those of other STR loci. (3) The tumor tissue origin identification and prediction models of 8 commonly used STR typing kits and the identification model of tumor tissue origin with 15 STR loci (15-STRs) were successfully established, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97.56%-99.88%, and accuracy of 97.59%-99.89%. Among them, the 15-STRs model had 100% sensitivity, 99.88% specificity, and 99.89% accuracy, which were higher than those of commonly used commercial kits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study successfully establishes the tumor tissue origin identification methods with 8 commonly used STR typing kits, which expands the application of tumor tissue origin identification. In addition, the differences of different loci in the identification of tumor tissue origin were compared, and 15 STR loci which were particularly suitable for the identification of tumor tissue origi","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 4","pages":"330-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-25DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330101
Zong-Yang Nie, Wei Hu, Ling-Yu Li, Qing-Bo Zhang, Xin Huang, Bo Li
Objectives: To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and explore a more general qualitative testing method.
Methods: Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and other techniques were used to identify the composition and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.
Results: NPSs were found in the above 5 samples, and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1, 2024, namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-MDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one (2-FXE), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one (dipentylone), respectively. The first two substances were phencyclidine NPS, and the third substance was synthetic cathinone NPS.
Conclusions: This study systematically summarizes the distinguishing features of the infrared absorption spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of three NPSs, which can provide a reference for the qualitative identification of unknown substances.
{"title":"Structure Confirmation of Three New Psychoactive Substances and Qualitative Identification of Unknown Substances.","authors":"Zong-Yang Nie, Wei Hu, Ling-Yu Li, Qing-Bo Zhang, Xin Huang, Bo Li","doi":"10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and explore a more general qualitative testing method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR), <sup>13</sup>C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>13</sup>C-NMR), <sup>19</sup>F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>19</sup>F-NMR) and other techniques were used to identify the composition and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPSs were found in the above 5 samples, and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1, 2024, namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-MDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one (2-FXE), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one (dipentylone), respectively. The first two substances were phencyclidine NPS, and the third substance was synthetic cathinone NPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study systematically summarizes the distinguishing features of the infrared absorption spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of three NPSs, which can provide a reference for the qualitative identification of unknown substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":12317,"journal":{"name":"法医学杂志","volume":"40 4","pages":"340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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