This article intends to show a foundation for the possibility of the values intuition in Max Scheler’s material ethics, putting light into the influences suffered by the Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological proposal. The intentionality of consciousness, developed by Husserl in Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie (1913), and the phenomenological investigations present in Logische Untersuchungen (1901) are highlighted in this article. According to Husserl, in the phenomenological relation between the consciousness and the world, the human being intuits the universal which are a priori, necessary and transcendent through the categorical intuition. This intentional consciousness is the same as that which intuits the values in the practical dimension through the schelerian emotional intuition. So, the values are a priori, universal, necessary and transcendent as well. Therefore, the discussion about the possibility of knowledge of values pervades the problem about the knowledge’s possibility of universal brought by Husserl. The development of the research takes the form of philosophical investigation in which an identifiable object is defined, the comparative study between the Husserlian and Schelerian phenomenological proposals from the approach of universals.
{"title":"The Husserlian influence on Max Scheler’s material ethics","authors":"Luiza Aparecida Bello Borges","doi":"10.59780/ywld2479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/ywld2479","url":null,"abstract":"This article intends to show a foundation for the possibility of the values intuition in Max Scheler’s material ethics, putting light into the influences suffered by the Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological proposal. The intentionality of consciousness, developed by Husserl in Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie (1913), and the phenomenological investigations present in Logische Untersuchungen (1901) are highlighted in this article. According to Husserl, in the phenomenological relation between the consciousness and the world, the human being intuits the universal which are a priori, necessary and transcendent through the categorical intuition. This intentional consciousness is the same as that which intuits the values in the practical dimension through the schelerian emotional intuition. So, the values are a priori, universal, necessary and transcendent as well. Therefore, the discussion about the possibility of knowledge of values pervades the problem about the knowledge’s possibility of universal brought by Husserl. The development of the research takes the form of philosophical investigation in which an identifiable object is defined, the comparative study between the Husserlian and Schelerian phenomenological proposals from the approach of universals.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Elton Martins de Souza, Matheus Tomaz Maia
The purpose of this essay is to present a defense in favor of valuing anime as works that show seriousness and depth in the development of their narratives. For this, we will use the work of Hegel ([1807] 1992), specifically chapter IV, “The truth of self-certainty”, to understand the metaphysical concepts presented in it and relate them to a specific moment of the anime (drawing Japanese animation) Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, whose scene chosen for analysis precisely illustrates the Hegelian dialectic: the encounter of one of the protagonists, Edward Elric, with the Truth. As already mentioned, the objects of study in our analysis will be these two works, and we will begin by explaining what the anime in question is, and then we will go to the chapter of Hegel's book ([1807] 1992), exploring the reflections that will be presented, in order to interpret the aforementioned scene through the perspective theorized by Hegel ([1807] 1992): the dialectic of master and slave. At the end, a conclusion will be presented about the theme addressed, highlighting the implications of this analysis in everyday life.
{"title":"Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood according to the dialectics domination and servitude in Hegel’s philosophy","authors":"Francisco Elton Martins de Souza, Matheus Tomaz Maia","doi":"10.59780/hudh5716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/hudh5716","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this essay is to present a defense in favor of valuing anime as works that show seriousness and depth in the development of their narratives. For this, we will use the work of Hegel ([1807] 1992), specifically chapter IV, “The truth of self-certainty”, to understand the metaphysical concepts presented in it and relate them to a specific moment of the anime (drawing Japanese animation) Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, whose scene chosen for analysis precisely illustrates the Hegelian dialectic: the encounter of one of the protagonists, Edward Elric, with the Truth. As already mentioned, the objects of study in our analysis will be these two works, and we will begin by explaining what the anime in question is, and then we will go to the chapter of Hegel's book ([1807] 1992), exploring the reflections that will be presented, in order to interpret the aforementioned scene through the perspective theorized by Hegel ([1807] 1992): the dialectic of master and slave. At the end, a conclusion will be presented about the theme addressed, highlighting the implications of this analysis in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114605504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Arendt, in proposing the rehabilitation of vita activa, seeks to underline the privilege of action over other activities of the human condition. When analyzing the change in meaning of the word “arché”, the philosopher prioritizes birth which, in its purest sense, begins it. In this context, this paper intends to develop the importance of Arché in the rehabilitation of “political activity par excellence”, that is, action.
{"title":"Arché (ἀρχή) in Hannah Arendt’s philosophy: The modalities of vita activa and the privilege of action","authors":"Lana Helena da Silva dos Santos","doi":"10.59780/qyhf8406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/qyhf8406","url":null,"abstract":"Hannah Arendt, in proposing the rehabilitation of vita activa, seeks to underline the privilege of action over other activities of the human condition. When analyzing the change in meaning of the word “arché”, the philosopher prioritizes birth which, in its purest sense, begins it. In this context, this paper intends to develop the importance of Arché in the rehabilitation of “political activity par excellence”, that is, action.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114953066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this paper is to present in a compact way the questions involved in Ernst Cassirer’s last work published in life, namely, An essay on man (1944). Cassirer wrote his essay in a context where he felt compelled to condense in a single work the whole of his philosophy, the latter being originally exposed in full in his three-volume work entitled Philosophy of symbolic forms. In the present paper, I tried to approach Cassirer’s conclusions on the subject. Known for his contributions to the History of Philosophy and his numerous references, Cassirer comes off to his readers as a difficult author. My goal was to take answers out of Cassirer’s notorious erudition in order to understand how his philosophy determines the common factor that qualitatively distinguishes man from other animals; and how it directly impacts human endeavors.
{"title":"The symbolism of Ernst Cassirer in the Essay on man","authors":"Francisco Gustavo de Souza Flor","doi":"10.59780/lceq7780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/lceq7780","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to present in a compact way the questions involved in Ernst Cassirer’s last work published in life, namely, An essay on man (1944). Cassirer wrote his essay in a context where he felt compelled to condense in a single work the whole of his philosophy, the latter being originally exposed in full in his three-volume work entitled Philosophy of symbolic forms. In the present paper, I tried to approach Cassirer’s conclusions on the subject. Known for his contributions to the History of Philosophy and his numerous references, Cassirer comes off to his readers as a difficult author. My goal was to take answers out of Cassirer’s notorious erudition in order to understand how his philosophy determines the common factor that qualitatively distinguishes man from other animals; and how it directly impacts human endeavors.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"1156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122696013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to analyze the modulations of language in the Habermas’s Discourse ethics. In this way, it is intended to present, in general lines, the conception of an ethics based on the discursive capacity of the human being. Moreover, it seeks to offer an explanatory scope of a meta-ethics formulated from the linguistic-pragmatic paradigm. For that, some considerations will be presented on the concepts of communicative action and discourse, basic elements for the formulations of the moral principle (U) and the principle of discourse (D). In addition, the foundation of the moral principle (U) will be discussed both from the interactionist use of language as discourse, and from its derivation into pragmatic-transcendental elements presupposed in argumentative logic, such as the law of non-contradiction. Finally, the theoretical architecture of discourse ethics will offer an example of how language can support new proposals for equalizing moral dilemmas in the contemporary world.
{"title":"The role of language for the foundation of the moral principle in the Habermas’ Discourse ethics","authors":"Gabriel Andrade Coelho Moreira","doi":"10.59780/qlnd5496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/qlnd5496","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the modulations of language in the Habermas’s Discourse ethics. In this way, it is intended to present, in general lines, the conception of an ethics based on the discursive capacity of the human being. Moreover, it seeks to offer an explanatory scope of a meta-ethics formulated from the linguistic-pragmatic paradigm. For that, some considerations will be presented on the concepts of communicative action and discourse, basic elements for the formulations of the moral principle (U) and the principle of discourse (D). In addition, the foundation of the moral principle (U) will be discussed both from the interactionist use of language as discourse, and from its derivation into pragmatic-transcendental elements presupposed in argumentative logic, such as the law of non-contradiction. Finally, the theoretical architecture of discourse ethics will offer an example of how language can support new proposals for equalizing moral dilemmas in the contemporary world.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128361709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article intends to consider some aspects of the concepts of equality, inequality, proportion and disproportion in the political thought of Niccolò Machiavelli. I will seek to show how equality and inequality relate to corruption or preservation of republican and princely forms of government and are determined by the presence or absence of gentlemen (gentiluomini) within the political body. I will also try to evince how the notions of proportion and disproportion of power presented in Machiavelli’s text allows us to deduce that the proportion of power constitutes a necessary condition for maintaining principalities and the inequality inherent to them, but it is not the most effective way to avoid the corruption of a republic, whereas the adequate proportion of power in the governmental structure, useful for the maintenance of a republic, is ruined by the existence of socio-economic inequality. After doing that, I will observe how Machiavelli understands the difficult possibility of creating equality or inequality within a political body, theme that, by way of conclusion, I will relate to the current situation in Brazil.
{"title":"Considerations on the concepts of (in)equality and (dis)proportion in Machiavelli’s political thought","authors":"Victor Fiori Augusto","doi":"10.59780/kmop5923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/kmop5923","url":null,"abstract":"This article intends to consider some aspects of the concepts of equality, inequality, proportion and disproportion in the political thought of Niccolò Machiavelli. I will seek to show how equality and inequality relate to corruption or preservation of republican and princely forms of government and are determined by the presence or absence of gentlemen (gentiluomini) within the political body. I will also try to evince how the notions of proportion and disproportion of power presented in Machiavelli’s text allows us to deduce that the proportion of power constitutes a necessary condition for maintaining principalities and the inequality inherent to them, but it is not the most effective way to avoid the corruption of a republic, whereas the adequate proportion of power in the governmental structure, useful for the maintenance of a republic, is ruined by the existence of socio-economic inequality. After doing that, I will observe how Machiavelli understands the difficult possibility of creating equality or inequality within a political body, theme that, by way of conclusion, I will relate to the current situation in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"29 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120936194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article aims at highlighting the importance of Kant’s considerations about the relational mode of cognition of sensible objects in the 1768 essay On the first ground of the distinction of regions in space to comprehend entirely the cogency of the incongruent counterparts argument, and its conclusions. Firstly, I present an initial overview of Regions in space, contrasting Kant’s remarks on the three dimensionality of space with the relationality necessary to know external objects. After a brief exposition of these considerations, I present schematically a first way of understanding the incongruent-counterparts argument, without emphasizing the relationship of the human body with orientation. Then, I expose two objections from Peter Remnant, showing that the solution to both involves accepting the fundamentality of the human body for the formation of the concept of orientation. Grounded upon this solution, I try to review the manner of interpreting the incongruent-counterparts argument.
{"title":"Orientation and human body in Kant’s Directions in space","authors":"Rafael dos Santos Ongaratto","doi":"10.59780/ggbp8126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/ggbp8126","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims at highlighting the importance of Kant’s considerations about the relational mode of cognition of sensible objects in the 1768 essay On the first ground of the distinction of regions in space to comprehend entirely the cogency of the incongruent counterparts argument, and its conclusions. Firstly, I present an initial overview of Regions in space, contrasting Kant’s remarks on the three dimensionality of space with the relationality necessary to know external objects. After a brief exposition of these considerations, I present schematically a first way of understanding the incongruent-counterparts argument, without emphasizing the relationship of the human body with orientation. Then, I expose two objections from Peter Remnant, showing that the solution to both involves accepting the fundamentality of the human body for the formation of the concept of orientation. Grounded upon this solution, I try to review the manner of interpreting the incongruent-counterparts argument.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132461671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims at making a Levinasian reading of the short story Amor, by Clarice Lispector. We intend to understand the epiphany of the character Ana as a deposition event caused by a disturbance in her interested movement. The start of the tram withdraws her from an accommodated position, a position of protection at the seat, exposing her to fragility. In this event, the blind man’s face disturbs her both because of his fragility and because of his non-reciprocity for being blind. This crisis of comprehension, given by the darkness of blindness, reveals to Ana her own anonymity and helplessness in face of the neutrality of verb to be, which is pure there be, a verb without a noun. It causes her nausea and despair for an escape. At the same time, this vision of the blind opens to her a dimension of infinite responsibility with the fragility of the Other, thus bringing her in contact with an alterity that goes beyond the circuit of her sameness. Upon noticing the nudity of the blind man’s face, Ana also sees herself exposed and chosen, establishing a relationship of asymmetry.
{"title":"Subjectivity in exposition: Anonymity and alterity in Clarice Lispector’s Amor","authors":"W. Monteiro","doi":"10.59780/bxet3038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/bxet3038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at making a Levinasian reading of the short story Amor, by Clarice Lispector. We intend to understand the epiphany of the character Ana as a deposition event caused by a disturbance in her interested movement. The start of the tram withdraws her from an accommodated position, a position of protection at the seat, exposing her to fragility. In this event, the blind man’s face disturbs her both because of his fragility and because of his non-reciprocity for being blind. This crisis of comprehension, given by the darkness of blindness, reveals to Ana her own anonymity and helplessness in face of the neutrality of verb to be, which is pure there be, a verb without a noun. It causes her nausea and despair for an escape. At the same time, this vision of the blind opens to her a dimension of infinite responsibility with the fragility of the Other, thus bringing her in contact with an alterity that goes beyond the circuit of her sameness. Upon noticing the nudity of the blind man’s face, Ana also sees herself exposed and chosen, establishing a relationship of asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thinking of the place of fortune in human affairs and, consequently, reflecting on the relationship between history and fortune was one of the tasks that Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540) and Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) set themselves. Before these two speeches, we shall analyze their points of convergence and divergence in an effort to outline how it is possible to establish the political relations. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine what is the role of history in politics as well as how the conflict is seen in Machiavelli’s and Guicciardini’s republican political theory.
{"title":"History, fortune and conflict in politics: Considerations on Niccolò Machiavelli’s and Francesco Guicciardini’s republican political theory","authors":"Shênia Souza Giarola","doi":"10.59780/iita8698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/iita8698","url":null,"abstract":"Thinking of the place of fortune in human affairs and, consequently, reflecting on the relationship between history and fortune was one of the tasks that Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540) and Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) set themselves. Before these two speeches, we shall analyze their points of convergence and divergence in an effort to outline how it is possible to establish the political relations. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine what is the role of history in politics as well as how the conflict is seen in Machiavelli’s and Guicciardini’s republican political theory.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the II Wittgenstein, logic is no longer resolved in the relation between language and thought, starting to rely on linguistic practice itself. The appeal to psychical occurrences in logical considerations remains irrelevant, since these are now grammatical considerations: it concerns to the rules that presides language. These rules are independent of the thought, as something underlying language. In this sense, each grammatical context, that is, each language-game, is a prototype for a way of thinking. When considering that linguistic practice itself carries out logic, behavior takes on a leading role: both primitive, pre-linguistic behavior, which constitutes the bedrock of grammar and the means of presentation of mental; as well as the behavior, which gains symbolic status, starts to function as utterances of mental in language games.
{"title":"Language, rule and behavior in the second Wittgenstein","authors":"João Henrique Lima Almeida","doi":"10.59780/ngap5399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59780/ngap5399","url":null,"abstract":"In the II Wittgenstein, logic is no longer resolved in the relation between language and thought, starting to rely on linguistic practice itself. The appeal to psychical occurrences in logical considerations remains irrelevant, since these are now grammatical considerations: it concerns to the rules that presides language. These rules are independent of the thought, as something underlying language. In this sense, each grammatical context, that is, each language-game, is a prototype for a way of thinking. When considering that linguistic practice itself carries out logic, behavior takes on a leading role: both primitive, pre-linguistic behavior, which constitutes the bedrock of grammar and the means of presentation of mental; as well as the behavior, which gains symbolic status, starts to function as utterances of mental in language games.","PeriodicalId":123297,"journal":{"name":"Revista Inquietude","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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