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2019 53rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)最新文献

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A Simplicial Piecewise Linear Approach for Efficient Hardware Realization of Neural Networks : (Invited Presentation) 神经网络硬件实现的简单分段线性方法(特邀报告)
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692902
N. Rodríguez, P. Julián, E. Paolini
Neural Networks (NN) have been a matter of research because of their capability to solve complex problems where other topologies fail. However, current implementations of practical NNs require powerful computers for their deployment, like the ones used in data centers which typically require a high energy budget. This work proposes a simplicial piecewise linear algorithm as an alternative to implement NNs, which in addition can be implemented in low-power microelectronics. We illustrate the feasibility of the approach giving some examples where the simplicial algorithms replace conventional NNs with similar results.
神经网络(NN)由于能够解决其他拓扑结构无法解决的复杂问题而成为研究热点。然而,目前实际的神经网络的实现需要强大的计算机来部署,就像数据中心使用的那些通常需要高能量预算的计算机一样。这项工作提出了一种简单的分段线性算法作为实现神经网络的替代方案,该算法还可以在低功耗微电子中实现。我们给出了一些简单算法用类似的结果取代传统神经网络的例子来说明这种方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
A Note on the Limiting Properties of the Extended Kalman Filter’s Estimates : Invited Presentation 关于扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计的极限性质的注记:特邀报告
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692810
C. Botts
In this paper, I focus on the estimates produced by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and their corresponding predicted error covariance matrices. The EKF is often used in place of the standard Kalman filter when the functional relationship between consecutive states and/or the functional relationship between the states and their measurements is not linear. In these cases, the state estimates and their predicted error covariances are biased. In this paper, I mathematically show that as the nonlinear relationship between the states and the measurements approaches linearity, these biases go to 0.
本文主要研究扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)产生的估计及其相应的预测误差协方差矩阵。当连续状态之间的函数关系和/或状态与其测量值之间的函数关系不是线性时,通常使用EKF来代替标准卡尔曼滤波器。在这些情况下,状态估计及其预测误差协方差是有偏差的。在本文中,我在数学上表明,当状态和测量之间的非线性关系接近线性时,这些偏差趋于0。
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引用次数: 0
C-ICT for Discovery of Multiple Associations in Multimodal Imaging Data: Application to Fusion of fMRI and DTI Data C-ICT用于发现多模态成像数据中的多重关联:在fMRI和DTI数据融合中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692878
Chunying Jia, M. A. Akhonda, Qunfang Long, V. Calhoun, S. Waldstein, T. Adalı
Fusing datasets from different brain signal modalities improves accuracy in finding biomarkers of neuropsychiatric diseases. Several approaches, such as joint independent component analysis (ICA) and independent vector analysis (IVA), are useful but fall short of exploring multiple associations between different modalities, especially for the case where one underlying component in one modality might have multiple associations with others in another modality. This relationship is possible since one component in a given modality might have associations such as subject covariation with multiple components in another modality. We show that the consecutive independence and correlation transform (C-ICT) model, which successively performs ICA and canonical correlation analysis, is able to discover such multiple associations. C-ICT has been demonstrated to be useful for the fusion of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography data but has not been tested for other data combinations. In this study, we apply the C-ICT to fuse fMRI and MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets collected from healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. In addition to independent components that show significant differences between the two groups in the fMRI and DTI datasets separately, we find multiple associations between these components from the two modalities, which provide a unique potential biomarker for schizophrenia.
融合来自不同脑信号模式的数据集提高了发现神经精神疾病生物标志物的准确性。联合独立成分分析(ICA)和独立向量分析(IVA)等几种方法是有用的,但无法探索不同模态之间的多重关联,特别是在一种模态中的一个潜在成分可能与另一种模态中的其他成分有多重关联的情况下。这种关系是可能的,因为给定模态中的一个成分可能与另一个模态中的多个成分有关联,例如主体共变。我们证明了连续独立和相关变换(C-ICT)模型,它连续执行ICA和典型相关分析,能够发现这种多重关联。C-ICT已被证明可用于功能磁共振成像(fMRI)和脑电图数据的融合,但尚未对其他数据组合进行测试。在这项研究中,我们应用C-ICT融合从健康对照和精神分裂症患者收集的fMRI和基于mri的弥散张量成像(DTI)数据集。除了在fMRI和DTI数据集中分别显示两组之间显着差异的独立成分外,我们还发现两种模式中这些成分之间存在多种关联,这为精神分裂症提供了独特的潜在生物标志物。
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引用次数: 4
Multilayered Neural Networks With Sparse, Data-driven Connectivity and Balanced Information and Energy Efficiency 具有稀疏、数据驱动连接、均衡信息和能源效率的多层神经网络
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692785
R. Baxter, W. Levy
This paper studies the developmental dynamics of connectivity and function of a three layer neural network that starts with zero connections. Adaptive synaptogenesis networks combine random synaptogenesis, associative synaptic modification, and synaptic shedding to construct sparse networks that develop codes useful for discriminating input patterns. Empirical observations of brain development inspire several extensions to adaptive synaptogenesis networks. These extensions include: (i) multiple neuronal layers, (ii) neuron survival and death based on information transmission, and (iii) bigrade growth factor signaling to control the onset of synaptogenesis in succeeding layers and to control neuron survival and death in preceding layers. Simulations of the network model demonstrate the parametric and functional control of both performance and energy expenditures, where performance is measured in terms of information loss and classification errors, and energy expenditures are assumed to be a function of the number of neurons. Major insights from this study include (a) the key role a neural layer between two other layers has in controlling synaptogenesis and neuron elimination, (b) the performance and energy-savings benefits of delaying the onset of synaptogenesis in a succeeding layer, and (c) the elimination of neurons is accomplished without significantly degrading information transfer or classification performance while providing energy savings and code compression.
研究了从零连接开始的三层神经网络的连通性和功能的发展动态。自适应突触发生网络结合随机突触发生、联合突触修饰和突触脱落来构建稀疏网络,该网络开发了用于区分输入模式的代码。大脑发育的经验观察启发了适应性突触发生网络的几个扩展。这些扩展包括:(i)多个神经元层,(ii)基于信息传递的神经元存活和死亡,以及(iii)通过生长因子信号传导来控制后续层突触发生的开始,并控制前一层神经元的存活和死亡。网络模型的仿真证明了性能和能量消耗的参数和功能控制,其中性能是根据信息损失和分类错误来衡量的,并且假设能量消耗是神经元数量的函数。本研究的主要见解包括(a)两个其他层之间的神经层在控制突触发生和神经元消除方面的关键作用,(b)延迟后续层突触发生的性能和节能效益,以及(c)神经元的消除在提供节能和代码压缩的同时不会显著降低信息传递或分类性能。
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引用次数: 1
On the Spectrum Sensing, Beam Selection and Power Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Reconfigurable Antennas 基于可重构天线的认知无线网络频谱感知、波束选择和功率分配研究
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692896
H. Yazdani, A. Vosoughi
In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio (CR) system consisting of a primary user (PU) and a pair of secondary user transmitter (SUtx) and secondary user receiver (SUrx). The SUtx is equipped with a reconfigurable antenna (RA) which divides the angular space into M sectors. The RA chooses one sector among M sectors for its data transmission to (SUrx). The SUtx first senses the channel and monitors the activity of PU for a duration of Tsen seconds. We refer to this period as channel sensing phase. Depending on the outcome of this phase, SUtx stays in this phase or enters the next phase, which we refer to as transmission phase. The transmission phase itself consists of two phases: channel training phase followed by data transmission phase. During the former phase, SUtx sends pilot symbols to enable channel training and estimation at (SUrx). The SUrx selects the best beam (sector) for data transmission and feeds back the index of the selected beam as well as its corresponding channel gain. We also derive the probability of determining the true beam and take into account this probability in our system design. During the latter phase, SUtx sends data symbols to SUrx over the selected beam with constant power $Phi$ if the gain corresponding to the selected beam is bigger than the threshold $zeta$. We find the optimal channel sensing duration Tsen, the optimal power level $Phi$ and a optimal threshold $zeta$, such that the ergodic capacity of CR system is maximized, subject to average interference and power constraints. In addition, we derive closed form expressions for outage and symbol error probabilities of our CR system.
本文研究了一个由主用户(PU)、副用户发射机(SUtx)和副用户接收机(SUrx)组成的认知无线电系统。SUtx配备了可重构天线(RA),将角空间划分为M扇区。RA从M个扇区中选择一个扇区向(SUrx)传输数据。SUtx首先感知通道并监视PU的活动,持续时间为12秒。我们把这个阶段称为信道感知阶段。根据这一阶段的结果,SUtx将停留在这一阶段或进入下一阶段,我们称之为传输阶段。传输阶段本身包括两个阶段:信道训练阶段和数据传输阶段。在前一阶段,sux发送导频符号以启用(SUrx)的信道训练和估计。SUrx选择最佳波束(扇区)进行数据传输,并反馈所选波束的指数及其相应的信道增益。我们还推导了确定真光束的概率,并在系统设计中考虑了这一概率。在后一阶段,如果所选波束对应的增益大于阈值$zeta$,则SUtx以恒定功率$Phi$通过所选波束向SUrx发送数据符号。我们找到了在平均干扰和功率约束下,使CR系统遍历容量最大化的最优通道感知持续时间Tsen、最优功率水平$Phi$和最优阈值$zeta$。此外,我们还导出了CR系统的中断概率和符号错误概率的封闭表达式。
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引用次数: 11
Topology Attack Detection in Natural Gas Delivery Networks 天然气输送网络中的拓扑攻击检测
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692869
Zisheng Wang, Rick S. Blum
Whenever a system operator is led to believe that the system topology is different from the actual system topology, we call this a topology attack. These attacks can cause tremendous damage from the result of improper network control. A number of algorithms to detect these attacks for electrical networks have been suggested in the literature, but such algorithms are lacking for gas networks. In this paper, we design a new detection algorithm to detect topology attacks in gas networks based on modifying the generalized likelihood ratio test in a novel way. Simulation results indicate the detection algorithm will provide good performance given a sufficient amount of data. Results also demonstrate that the performance also depends on the actual topology.
每当系统操作员被引导相信系统拓扑与实际系统拓扑不同时,我们称之为拓扑攻击。由于网络控制不当,这些攻击会造成巨大的损失。文献中已经提出了许多算法来检测电力网络的这些攻击,但对于天然气网络却缺乏这样的算法。本文在改进广义似然比检验的基础上,设计了一种新的气体网络拓扑攻击检测算法。仿真结果表明,在数据量足够的情况下,该检测算法具有良好的性能。结果还表明,性能也取决于实际的拓扑结构。
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引用次数: 3
On Problem Formulation, Efficient Modeling and Deep Neural Networks for High-Quality Ultrasound Imaging : Invited Presentation 高质量超声成像的问题表述、高效建模和深度神经网络:特邀报告
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692870
Dimitris Perdios, Adrien Besson, Florian Martinez, Manuel Vonlanthen, M. Arditi, J. Thiran
Recently, many pulse-echo ultrasound (US) imaging methods have relied on the transmission of unfocused wavefronts. Such a strategy allows for very high frame rates at the cost of a degraded image quality. In this work, we present a regularized inverse problem approach and a highly efficient modeling of the physical measurement process to reconstruct high-quality US images from unfocused wavefronts. We compare it against a deep neural network (DNN) approach on the plane wave imaging challenge in medical ultrasound (PICMUS) and show that the use of carefully designed and trained DNN can overcome the limitations of standard image processing priors, which fail at capturing the very specific nature of US images accurately.
最近,许多脉冲回波超声成像方法依赖于非聚焦波前的传输。这种策略允许以降低图像质量为代价获得非常高的帧速率。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种正则化反问题方法和物理测量过程的高效建模,以从未聚焦的波前重建高质量的美国图像。我们将其与深度神经网络(DNN)方法在医学超声(PICMUS)中的平面波成像挑战进行比较,并表明使用精心设计和训练的DNN可以克服标准图像处理先验的局限性,这些先验无法准确捕获美国图像的非常具体的性质。
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引用次数: 4
Disturbance Observers for Nonlinear MIMO Systems- An Alternative Design Approach 非线性MIMO系统的扰动观测器——一种替代设计方法
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8693041
S. Dasgupta, S. Sadhu, T. Ghoshal
A novel method for designing Disturbance Observer (DOB), an essential component of Active Anti-Disturbance Control (AADC) schemes, for nonlinear Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems has been proposed. In contrast to the prevailing observer gain based approach, the proposed DOB design methodology employs the MIMO “Hirschorn Inverse” technique. The overall architecture and the related design pragmatics have been discussed. Feasibility and disturbance estimation performance of the proposed approach have been illustrated by a Quadruple Tank process with two inputs and two outputs.
针对非线性多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,提出了一种新的干扰观测器(DOB)设计方法,DOB是主动抗干扰控制(AADC)的重要组成部分。与目前流行的基于观测器增益的方法相比,所提出的DOB设计方法采用了MIMO“Hirschorn逆”技术。讨论了系统的总体结构和相关的设计语用。通过一个双输入双输出的四缸过程验证了该方法的可行性和扰动估计性能。
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引用次数: 0
On flattening of symmetric tensors and identification of latent factors 对称张量的平坦化及其潜在因素的辨识
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692909
A. Koochakzadeh, P. Pal
This paper considers canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition of symmetric tensors of arbitrary even order. In earlier work [1], we showed that decomposition of such tensors is equivalent to solving a system of quadratic equations. As part of ongoing work, we further show that for almost all tensors, singular value decomposition of a certain matrix can uniquely obtain the solution to the system of quadratic equations. Our proposed algorithm is able to find the CP-decomposition, even in the regime where the CP-rank far exceeds the dimensions of the tensor (overcomplete tensors). We further show that using the symmetry of the tensor, it is possible to only use a certain type of flattening to significantly reduce the number of quadratic equations. Also, we show that the computational complexity can be reduced by a sketching technique, without any performance loss.
本文研究了任意偶阶对称张量的正则多进分解。在早期的工作[1]中,我们证明了这种张量的分解等同于求解一个二次方程系统。作为正在进行的工作的一部分,我们进一步证明了对于几乎所有张量,某矩阵的奇异值分解可以唯一地获得二次方程系统的解。我们提出的算法能够找到cp -分解,即使在cp -秩远远超过张量的维数(过完备张量)的区域。我们进一步证明,利用张量的对称性,可以只使用某种类型的平坦化来显著减少二次方程的数量。此外,我们还表明,在没有任何性能损失的情况下,可以通过草图技术降低计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 1
Discrete-time Chen Series for Time Discretization and Machine Learning 用于时间离散化和机器学习的离散时间Chen级数
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/CISS.2019.8692913
W. Gray, G. Venkatesh, L. A. D. Espinosa
A formal power series over a set of noncommuting indeterminants using iterated integrals as the coefficients is called a Chen series, named after the mathematician K.-T. Chen. The first goal of this paper is to give a brief overview of Chen series and their algebraic structures as a kind of reference point. The second goal is to describe its discrete-time analogue in detail and then apply the concept in two problems, the time discretization problem for nonlinear control systems and the machine learning problem for dynamical systems.
在一组不可交换的不定式上使用迭代积分作为系数的正式幂级数被称为陈级数,以数学家k - t命名。陈。本文的第一个目标是简要概述陈级数及其代数结构作为一种参考点。第二个目标是详细描述其离散时间模拟,然后将该概念应用于两个问题,非线性控制系统的时间离散化问题和动力系统的机器学习问题。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2019 53rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)
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