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Vitamin B12 and Age-Related Cognitive Decline-Dementia and "Alzheimer's Disease". 维生素 B12 与年龄相关的认知能力衰退--痴呆症和 "阿尔茨海默氏症"。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241228060
Irwin H Rosenberg

This article is a commentary on the role of vitamin B12 in age-related cognitive decline, with a meta-commentary on the misuse of the term "Alzheimer's Disease." The article describes the historical origins of the term "Alzheimer's Disease" and argues that the term should be restricted to a narrower segment of the age-related dementia spectrum. The article also outlines the role of vitamin B12 in age-related cognitive decline and outlines the rationale for the treatment of B12 deficiency to address a potentially reversible factor in cognitive decline.

本文是一篇关于维生素 B12 在老年性认知功能衰退中的作用的评论文章,同时也是一篇关于滥用 "阿尔茨海默病 "一词的元评论文章。文章介绍了 "阿尔茨海默病 "一词的历史渊源,并认为该词应仅限于与年龄相关的痴呆症中范围较窄的部分。文章还概述了维生素 B12 在与年龄相关的认知功能衰退中的作用,并概述了治疗 B12 缺乏症以解决认知功能衰退中潜在的可逆因素的理由。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Acceptability of Shelf-Stable Microbiota Directed Complementary Food Formulations. 开发可在货架上保存的微生物群定向补充食品配方及其可接受性。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241250104
Ishita Mostafa, Umme Habiba Lamiya, Md Golam Rasul, Nurun Nahar Naila, Shah Mohammad Fahim, S M Tafsir Hasan, Michael J Barratt, Jeffrey I Gordon, Tahmeed Ahmed

Background: A randomized controlled trial in Bangladeshi children aged 12 to 18 months with moderate acute malnutrition found that dietary supplementation with the microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) significantly improved weight gain and repaired gut microbiota compared to the ready-to-use supplementary food. However, the MDCF-2 formulation was made daily from locally available ingredients and the need for a packaged, nutritionally compliant, and organoleptically acceptable MDCF-2 prototype was essential for future large-scale clinical studies.

Objective: The study aimed to develop and assess the acceptability of 3 alternative foil-packaged formulations of MDCF-2 in comparison to current MDCF-2.

Methods: Of the 3 packaged formulations, the Jumpstart version was provided in 2 sachets, the other 2 formulations were provided in a retort-stable foil pouch extended by sterilization, and microbiological growth was monitored over 10 months. The acceptability study included 40 children aged 8 to 12 months living in an urban slum in Dhaka, and the organoleptic properties were assessed using a 7-point hedonic scale.

Results: In the 100 g distributed over the 2 sessions, children consumed 82.5 ± 7.84 g (mean ± SD) of kitchen-prepared MDCF-2, 85.4 ± 7.15 g of the "Jumpstart" MDCF-2 formulation, 85.4 ± 8.70 g of the MDCF-2 with green banana powder, and 86.2 ± 4.26 g of the MDCF-2 with sweet potato formulation. The "Jumpstart" MDCF-2 and MDCF-2 with sweet potato achieved the highest overall acceptability scores on the hedonic scale; although none of the shelf-stable formulations were significantly different from the kitchen-prepared MDCF-2.

Conclusions: Packaged, shelf-stable prototypes of MDCF-2 exhibited comparable acceptability among Bangladeshi children aged 8 to 12 months to the original freshly prepared formulation.

Plain language title: Development and Acceptability of Shelf-Stable Microbiota-Directed Complementary Foods.

背景:一项针对孟加拉国12至18个月大中度急性营养不良儿童的随机对照试验发现,与即食辅食相比,通过膳食补充微生物定向辅食(MDCF-2)可显著改善体重增长和修复肠道微生物群。然而,MDCF-2配方每天都是用当地可获得的原料制成的,因此,未来的大规模临床研究需要一种包装好的、符合营养学要求的、从有机角度可接受的MDCF-2原型:该研究旨在开发和评估 MDCF-2 的 3 种替代箔包装配方与现有 MDCF-2 的可接受性:在 3 种包装制剂中,Jumpstart 版本以 2 个小袋的形式提供,另外 2 种制剂则以经过灭菌处理的铝箔袋形式提供,并在 10 个月内对微生物生长情况进行监测。可接受性研究的对象包括生活在达卡城市贫民窟的 40 名 8 至 12 个月大的儿童,并使用 7 点享乐量表对感官特性进行了评估:在分两次食用的 100 克配方中,儿童食用了 82.5 ± 7.84 克(平均值 ± SD)厨房配制的 MDCF-2、85.4 ± 7.15 克 "Jumpstart "MDCF-2 配方、85.4 ± 8.70 克含绿香蕉粉的 MDCF-2 和 86.2 ± 4.26 克含红薯的 MDCF-2 配方。在享乐量表上,"Jumpstart "MDCF-2 和添加红薯的 MDCF-2 获得了最高的总体可接受性分数;尽管没有一种保质配方与厨房制备的 MDCF-2 有显著差异:结论:在 8 到 12 个月大的孟加拉国儿童中,保质期长的 MDCF-2 包装原型与新鲜配制的原型具有相当的可接受性。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Optimal Cobalamin Status for Neonates and Infants. 确定新生儿和婴儿的最佳钴胺素状态。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241227782
Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen

Background: An optimal cobalamin status is necessary for normal neurodevelopment.

Objective: To give a description of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges related to cobalamin insufficiency in neonates and infants in order to prevent its occurence.

Results: Inadequate cobalamin status is prevalent among neonates and young infants, due to a high prevalence of maternal cobalamin deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding for extended periods and late introduction of animal food. Cobalamin insufficiency is associated with delayed neurodevelopment and subtle clinical symptoms like feeding difficulties, regurgitations and constipation in young infants. Early diagnosis and treatment of impaired cobalamin status is important to prevent neurologic damage.

Conclusion: Clinical suspicion of cobalamin insufficiency in infants should infer immediate biochemical testing and a plasma total homocysteine > 5.0 µmol/L indicate cobalamin insufficiency in need of intramuscular treatment with hydroxycobalamin, followed by introduction of animal food after 4 months of age.

背景最佳的钴胺素状态是正常神经发育的必要条件:描述新生儿和婴儿钴胺素缺乏症的流行病学、病理生理学和诊断难题,以预防其发生:钴胺素缺乏症在新生儿和婴幼儿中很普遍,这是因为母体钴胺素缺乏症发病率高、长期纯母乳喂养以及较晚才开始食用动物食品。钴胺素不足会导致神经发育迟缓,并使幼婴出现喂养困难、反胃和便秘等细微临床症状。早期诊断和治疗钴胺素缺乏症对预防神经系统损伤非常重要:结论:临床怀疑婴儿钴胺素缺乏应立即进行生化检测,血浆总同型半胱氨酸> 5.0 µmol/L表明钴胺素缺乏,需要肌肉注射羟钴胺治疗,然后在婴儿4个月大后添加动物性食物。
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引用次数: 0
Indicators of Cobalamin Status During Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome and Long-Term Effects on Offspring Health. 孕期钴胺素状态指标、妊娠结果以及对后代健康的长期影响。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241229502
Luis Adolfo Santos-Calderón, Alejandra Rojas-Gómez, Carla Ramos-Rodríguez, Michelle M Murphy

Background: Little attention has been given to prenatal cobalamin insufficiency in settings where dietary cobalamin intake is presumed adequate, such as populations with habitual intake of foods from animal sources.

Results: However, low cobalamin status in women of fertile age has been reported in Europe, United States, and Canada. In India, where cobalamin deficiency is highly prevalent, it has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, as well as insulin resistance and lower neurodevelopment scores in the offspring. Low cobalamin status in pregnancy has been associated with similar outcomes as those reported in the Indian studies although the evidence is scant and conflicting.

Conclusions: Consideration should be given to maternal cobalamin status in the context of prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as cobalamin insufficiency both in the mother and the offspring during lactation. Further attention is now justified with the increasing tendency toward plant-based diets. Reference intervals for cobalamin status during each trimester of pregnancy are needed and further investigation of the long-term conse-quences of low cobalamin status during pregnancy for health and development in the offspring is warranted.

背景:在假定膳食钴摄入量充足的情况下,如习惯性摄入动物源性食物的人群,产前钴胺素不足问题很少受到关注:然而,欧洲、美国和加拿大都有育龄妇女钴胺素缺乏的报道。在钴胺素缺乏症高发的印度,钴胺素缺乏症与流产风险增加、胎儿宫内发育迟缓以及胰岛素抵抗和后代神经发育评分降低有关。妊娠期低钴胺素状态与印度研究中报告的结果相似,但证据不足且相互矛盾:结论:在预防不良妊娠结局以及哺乳期母体和后代钴胺素不足的背景下,应考虑母体的钴胺素状态。随着人们越来越倾向于以植物为基础的饮食,有必要进一步关注这一问题。需要对孕期每个三个月的钴胺素状态进行参考,并进一步研究孕期低钴胺素状态对后代健康和发育的长期影响。
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引用次数: 0
Lack of Clinical Evidence Regarding the Guidelines for Vitamin B12 Deficiency: An Analysis From Literature and Recommendations From Clinical Practice. 维生素 B12 缺乏症指南缺乏临床证据:文献分析和临床实践建议。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241241552
Clara H M Plattel

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a critical medical condition that, if left untreated, can lead to severe symptoms and potentially serious and life-threatening complications. Clinical guidelines are designed to provide a standardized approach to diagnosis and treatment, aiming for consistency and effectiveness. However, it is well-established that not all patients fit into general guidelines.

Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of the submitted research to support these protocols for diagnosing and treating a B12 deficiency.

Approach: Conducting a literature review of the references focused and used on diagnosing and treating vitamin B12 deficiency in adults and children.

Results: No robust clinical trial nor RCT has been found to back up the current protocols. The research used is primarily based on assumptions rather than solid clinical evidence.

Conclusion: Existing guidelines for vitamin B12 deficiency need to be significantly revised and improved through clinical research, clinical experience by experts in the field with input from patient groups worldwide.

背景:维生素 B12 缺乏症是一种严重的内科疾病,如不及时治疗,可导致严重症状,并可能出现严重并危及生命的并发症。临床指南旨在提供标准化的诊断和治疗方法,以实现一致性和有效性。然而,事实证明,并非所有患者都符合一般指南的要求:调查所提交研究的临床相关性,以支持这些诊断和治疗 B12 缺乏症的方案:方法:对侧重于诊断和治疗成人和儿童维生素 B12 缺乏症的参考文献进行文献综述:结果:没有发现任何可靠的临床试验或 RCT 可以支持当前的方案。所使用的研究主要基于假设,而非可靠的临床证据:现有的维生素 B12 缺乏症指南需要通过临床研究、该领域专家的临床经验以及全球患者团体的意见进行大幅修订和改进。
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引用次数: 0
Food Environment in Burkina Faso: Review of Public Policies and Government Actions Using the Food-EPI Tool. 布基纳法索的粮食环境:使用食品环境指数工具审查公共政策和政府行动。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241248214
Viviane Aurelie Tapsoba, Ella W R Compaore, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Jerome Winbetourefa Some, Inoussa Ky, Julien Soliba Manga, Adama Diouf, Jean-Claude Moubarac, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Mamoudou H Dicko

Background: Governments have a central role to play in creating a food environment that will enable people to have and maintain healthy eating practices.

Objectives: This study analyzes public policies and government actions related to creating healthy food environments in Burkina Faso.

Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index tool used for this study has 2 components, 13 domains, and 56 indicators of good practice adapted to the Burkina Faso context. Official policy documents collected from data sources such as government and nongovernment websites, and through interviews with government and nongovernment resource persons, provided evidence of considerations of food environment in public policy documents in Burkina Faso.

Results: Policies documents show a lack of revision of old texts and administrative processes for new policies and government practices are very slow. Added to this is the absence of a regulatory document for some implemented actions. The analysis of the documents collected in relation to the indicators of Food-EPI tool shows that there is no evidence of consideration of food environments for the indicators concerning the regulation of nutrition and health claims, labeling, taxes on healthy and unhealthy foods, support systems for training for private structures on healthy diets, implementation of food guidelines, and food trade and investment.

Conclusion: This study permits a review of public policies that take into account food environments through the various indicators and constitutes a starting point from which improvements can be made by the government.

Plain language title: Overview of Nutrition Policies, Taking Into Account All the Dimensions That Can Influence People's Food Choices Across Government, the Food Industry and Society.

背景:政府在创造食品环境,使人们能够拥有并保持健康饮食习惯方面发挥着核心作用:本研究分析了布基纳法索与创造健康食品环境有关的公共政策和政府行动:本研究使用的 "健康食品环境政策指数 "工具包含 2 个组成部分、13 个领域和 56 个良好做法指标,并根据布基纳法索的具体情况进行了调整。从政府和非政府网站等数据源收集的官方政策文件,以及对政府和非政府专家的访谈,提供了布基纳法索公共政策文件对食品环境考虑的证据:结果:政策文件显示缺乏对旧文本的修订,新政策的行政程序和政府做法非常缓慢。此外,一些已实施的行动缺乏规范性文件。对收集到的与 Food-Epi 工具指标相关的文件进行的分析表明,在有关营养和健康声明的监管、标签、健康食品和不健康食品的税收、对私营机构进行健康饮食培训的支持系统、食品指南的实施以及食品贸易和投资等指标方面,没有证据表明对食品环境进行了考虑:这项研究通过各种指标对考虑到食品环境的公共政策进行了审查,为政府改进工作提供了一个起点。
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引用次数: 0
Overview of Trends in Anemia and Iron Deficiency in the Mexican Population From 1999 to 2018-19 1999 年至 2018-19 年墨西哥人口贫血和缺铁趋势概览
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241240014
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Salvador Villalpando, Teresa Shamah-Levy
Background:Despite the emergence of diverse programs in Mexico to address anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in disadvantaged groups, progress on reducing their prevalence has stagnated. In Mexico, anemia surveillance at the population level is conducted through the National Health and Nutrition Survey ENSANUT (for its acronym in Spanish).Objective:To overview the trends in anemia and iron deficiency (ID) from 1999 to 2018-19 in the Mexican population before COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data from five nationwide surveys in Mexico were used. Where available, data on anemia, ID, and ID anemia (IDA) were extracted from ENSANUTs 1999, 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018-19 in participants from 1 to 99 years old. Blood sample collection methods were similar across surveys (1999-2018) where capillary drop blood was used to estimate Hb using a HemoCue and serum blood samples to measure ferritin and C-reactive protein concentration.Results:The trend in anemia prevalence shows a U-shape from 1999 to 2018-19 in <60 years old. In older adults (≥60 years), an increasing trend was observed. Anemia declined progressively from 1999 to 2012 but increased from 2016 to 2018-19 in comparison with 2012. In contrast, ID declined from 2006 to 2018-19, mainly in children, while IDA did not change over this period. In older adults, ID prevalence remained constant over time.Conclusions:The shifting trend in anemia prevalence across ENSANUTs 1999 through 2018-19 did not mimic the decreasing trend of ID over the same period of time. Other noncausal factors seem to play an important role in the variability of hemoglobin measurements.
背景:尽管墨西哥为解决弱势群体贫血和微量营养素缺乏问题制定了多种计划,但在降低贫血和微量营养素缺乏患病率方面的进展却停滞不前。在墨西哥,通过全国健康与营养调查ENSANUT(西班牙语缩写)进行人口层面的贫血监测。目的:概述在COVID-19大流行之前,1999年至2018-19年间墨西哥人口的贫血和缺铁(ID)趋势。在有数据的情况下,从1999、2006、2012、2016和2018-19年的ENSANUT中提取了1至99岁参与者的贫血、缺铁性贫血和缺铁性贫血(IDA)数据。各次调查(1999-2018 年)的血样采集方法相似,其中毛细管滴血使用 HemoCue 估算 Hb,血清血样用于测量铁蛋白和 C 反应蛋白浓度。在老年人(≥60 岁)中,贫血患病率呈上升趋势。贫血从 1999 年到 2012 年逐步下降,但从 2016 年到 2018-19 年与 2012 年相比有所上升。相比之下,IDA从2006年到2018-19年有所下降,主要是在儿童中,而IDA在此期间没有变化。在老年人中,IDA患病率在一段时间内保持不变。结论:1999年至2018-19年间,ENSANUTs贫血患病率的变化趋势并没有模仿同期IDA的下降趋势。其他非因果因素似乎在血红蛋白测量的变化中发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Designing a Contextualized Food-Based Strategy to Improve the Dietary Diversity of Children in Rural Farming Households in Central Uganda 设计基于具体情况的食品战略,改善乌干达中部农村农户儿童的膳食多样性
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241240854
Deborah Nabuuma, Beatrice Ekesa, Mieke Faber, Xikombiso Mbhenyane
Background:Food-based strategies have a high potential of improving the diet quality and reducing the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies in agriculture-dependent communities. Their design is however complex with trade-offs that are rarely systematically presented to allow replication and efficient contextualization.Objective:The systematic design of a food-based strategy to improve the dietary diversity of children in rural farming communities in Uganda.Methods:The intervention mapping protocol was used to provide a systematic approach to developing theory-based and evidence-based intervention methods and strategy.Results:The priority behavioral and environmental determinants identified were related to food production, consumption, and efficacy while the personal determinants focused on knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, attitude, and outcome expectations. The aim of the resulting strategy was set to improve the availability, accessibility, and consumption of diverse foods, with a particular focus on production diversity, production practices, market access, and market diversity. Behaviour change methods were selected to enhance ability and self-efficacy, strategic goal setting, and provision of feedback. The strategy focused on household groups for learning, demonstration, practice, and social support. The validation showed that the determinants and actors incorporated in the strategy were important and relevant for improving the productivity, food availability, dietary diversity, livelihoods, and health of rural farming households and communities.Conclusion:Application of the protocol yielded a contextualized food-based strategy that can be adjusted for use in other smallholder contexts in developing countries by piloting implementation plans based on the strategy; reassessing the key determinants and implementing the revised strategy; or replicating the whole design process.
背景:在以农业为生的社区,以食物为基础的策略在改善饮食质量和降低营养缺乏症发病率方面具有很大的潜力。结果:确定的优先行为和环境决定因素与食品生产、消费和功效有关,而个人决定因素则侧重于知识、技能、自我效能、态度和结果预期。由此制定的战略旨在改善多样化食品的供应、获取和消费,尤其侧重于生产多样性、生产实践、市场准入和市场多样性。选择了改变行为的方法,以提高能力和自我效能、制定战略目标和提供反馈。该战略侧重于家庭小组的学习、示范、实践和社会支持。验证结果表明,战略中包含的决定因素和参与者对于提高农村农户和社区的生产率、粮食供应、膳食多样性、生计和健康具有重要意义和相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Malnutrition and Food Insecurity in the Philippines 解决菲律宾的营养不良和粮食不安全问题
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241244675
Dalmacito A. Cordero Jr
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引用次数: 0
Critically High Burden of Acute Malnutrition and Its Associated Factors Among Children Under 5 Years in the Rural Settings of Southern Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚南部农村地区 5 岁以下儿童严重急性营养不良及其相关因素。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/03795721241234087
Getamesay Aynalem Tesfaye, Ermias Wabeto Wana, Moges Getie Workie

Background: Globally, acute malnutrition threatens the lives of several million children under 5 years of age. Malnutrition affects the social, economic, and medical aspects of all countries. In Ethiopia, acute malnutrition is not decreasing at the intended rate for unclear reasons.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of acute malnutrition and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age in a rural setting of southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 421 children. Mothers/caretakers were interviewed using interviewer-administered questionnaire, while their children's height/length and weight were measured. Logistic regression analyses were used and presented as the crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: The burden of acute malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in the study area was 22.6% (95% CI = 18.5-26.8). Fathers with primary education (AOR = 4.48; 95% CI = 1.93-10.39), households with improper solid waste disposal (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.11-5.82), not usually sleeping under insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.01-3.19), unacceptable children dietary diversity score (DDS) (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.28-5.14), and unacceptable household DDS (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.02-5.00) were factors associated with acute malnutrition.

Conclusions: The prevalence of acute malnutrition among children was critically high. Upgrading paternal educational status, encouraging safe solid waste disposal, ensuring consistent use of ITN, and improving both child and household DDS should be stressed.

背景:在全球范围内,严重营养不良威胁着数百万 5 岁以下儿童的生命。营养不良影响着所有国家的社会、经济和医疗。在埃塞俄比亚,急性营养不良并没有以预期的速度减少,原因不明:本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部农村地区 5 岁以下儿童急性营养不良的负担及其相关因素:2022 年 1 月至 3 月期间进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选取了 421 名儿童。采用访谈员发放的问卷对母亲/看护人进行访谈,同时测量其子女的身高/身长和体重。采用逻辑回归分析,得出粗略几率比(COR)和调整几率比(AOR)及其 95% 置信区间(CI):研究地区 5 岁以下儿童急性营养不良率为 22.6%(95% CI:18.5-26.8)。受过初等教育的父亲(AOR = 4.48;95% CI:1.93-10.39)、固体废物处理不当的家庭(AOR = 2.54;95% CI:1.11-5.82)、通常不在驱虫蚊帐(ITN)内睡觉(AOR = 1.79;95% CI:1.01-3.19)、不可接受的儿童膳食多样性评分(DDS)(AOR = 2.56;95% CI:1.28-5.14)和不可接受的家庭膳食多样性评分(AOR = 2.26;95% CI:1.02-5.00)是与急性营养不良相关的因素:结论:儿童急性营养不良的发病率极高。应强调提高父亲的教育水平、鼓励安全处理固体废物、确保持续使用 ITN 以及改善儿童和家庭的 DDS。
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引用次数: 0
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