Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1470115
Yucan Qin, Haoxin Lv, Yating Xiong, Lin Qi, Yanfei Li, Ying Xin, Yan Zhao
Introduction: As one of the main grain crops in China, maize is highly susceptible to Aspergillus infection during processing, storage and transportation due to high moisture at harvest, which results in the loss of quality. The aim of this study is to explore the early warning marker molecules when Aspergillus infects maize kernels.
Methods: Firstly, strains MA and MB were isolated from moldy maize and identified by morphological characterization and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger). Next, fresh maize was moldy by contaminated with strains MA and MB. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the contamination process of two fungal strains were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). A total of 31 VOCs were detected in maize contaminated with strain MA, a total of 32 VOCs were detected in maize contaminated with strain MB, including confirmed monomers and dimers. Finally, heat maps and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that VOCs produced in different growth stages of Aspergillus had great differences. Combined with the results of GC-IMS, total fungal colony counts and fungal spores, it was concluded that the Aspergillus-contaminated maize was in the early stage of mold at 18 h.
Results: Therefore, the characteristic VOCs butan-2-one, ethyl acetate-D, Benzaldehyde, and pentan-2-one produced by maize at 18 h of storage can be used as early mildew biomarkers of Aspergillus infection in maize.
Discussion: This study provided effective marker molecules for the development of an early warning and monitoring system for the degree of maize mildew in granaries.
引言玉米是我国主要粮食作物之一,由于收获时水分较高,在加工、贮藏和运输过程中极易感染曲霉菌,导致品质下降。本研究旨在探索玉米曲霉感染玉米粒时的预警标记分子:首先,从霉变玉米中分离出 MA 和 MB 菌株,并通过形态学特征和 18S rRNA 基因序列分析确定其为黄曲霉(A. flavus)和黑曲霉(A. niger)。接下来,新鲜玉米因受到 MA 和 MB 菌株的污染而发霉。采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(GC-IMS)分析了两种真菌菌株在污染过程中产生的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。在受到 MA 菌株污染的玉米中,共检测到 31 种挥发性有机化合物;在受到 MB 菌株污染的玉米中,共检测到 32 种挥发性有机化合物,其中包括已确认的单体和二聚体。最后,热图和主成分分析(PCA)表明,曲霉菌在不同生长阶段产生的 VOCs 有很大差异。结合 GC-IMS、真菌菌落总数和真菌孢子的结果,可以得出结论:受曲霉菌污染的玉米在 18 h 时处于霉菌的早期阶段:因此,玉米在储存 18 h 时产生的特征性挥发性有机化合物丁-2-酮、乙酸乙酯-D、苯甲醛和戊-2-酮可作为玉米曲霉感染的早期霉变生物标记:本研究为开发粮仓玉米霜霉病早期预警和监测系统提供了有效的标记分子。
{"title":"Early warning of <i>Aspergillus</i> contamination in maize by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry.","authors":"Yucan Qin, Haoxin Lv, Yating Xiong, Lin Qi, Yanfei Li, Ying Xin, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1470115","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1470115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As one of the main grain crops in China, maize is highly susceptible to <i>Aspergillus</i> infection during processing, storage and transportation due to high moisture at harvest, which results in the loss of quality. The aim of this study is to explore the early warning marker molecules when <i>Aspergillus</i> infects maize kernels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, strains MA and MB were isolated from moldy maize and identified by morphological characterization and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be <i>Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus)</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger (A. niger)</i>. Next, fresh maize was moldy by contaminated with strains MA and MB. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the contamination process of two fungal strains were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). A total of 31 VOCs were detected in maize contaminated with strain MA, a total of 32 VOCs were detected in maize contaminated with strain MB, including confirmed monomers and dimers. Finally, heat maps and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that VOCs produced in different growth stages of <i>Aspergillus</i> had great differences. Combined with the results of GC-IMS, total fungal colony counts and fungal spores, it was concluded that the <i>Aspergillus</i>-contaminated maize was in the early stage of mold at 18 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Therefore, the characteristic VOCs butan-2-one, ethyl acetate-D, Benzaldehyde, and pentan-2-one produced by maize at 18 h of storage can be used as early mildew biomarkers of <i>Aspergillus</i> infection in maize.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provided effective marker molecules for the development of an early warning and monitoring system for the degree of maize mildew in granaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447999
Samuel J B Robinson, Dafydd M O Elias, Tim Goodall, Andrew T Nottingham, Niall P McNamara, Robert Griffiths, Noreen Majalap, Nicholas J Ostle
Rainforests provide vital ecosystem services that are underpinned by plant-soil interactions. The forests of Borneo are globally important reservoirs of biodiversity and carbon, but a significant proportion of the forest that remains after large-scale agricultural conversion has been extensively modified due to timber harvest. We have limited understanding of how selective logging affects ecosystem functions including biogeochemical cycles driven by soil microbes. In this study, we sampled soil from logging gaps and co-located intact lowland dipterocarp rainforest in Borneo. We characterised soil bacterial and fungal communities and physicochemical properties and determined soil functioning in terms of enzyme activity, nutrient supply rates, and microbial heterotrophic respiration. Soil microbial biomass, alpha diversity, and most soil properties and functions were resistant to logging. However, we found logging significantly shifted soil bacterial and fungal community composition, reduced the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, increased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and reduced soil inorganic phosphorous concentration and nitrate supply rate, suggesting some downregulation of nutrient cycling. Within gaps, canopy openness was negatively related to ectomycorrhizal abundance and phosphomonoesterase activity and positively related to ammonium supply rate, suggesting control on soil phosphorus and nitrogen cycles via functional shifts in fungal communities. We found some evidence for reduced soil heterotrophic respiration with greater logging disturbance. Overall, our results demonstrate that while many soil microbial community attributes, soil properties, and functions may be resistant to selective logging, logging can significantly impact the composition and abundance of key soil microbial groups linked to the regulation of vital nutrient and carbon cycles in tropical forests.
{"title":"Selective logging impacts on soil microbial communities and functioning in Bornean tropical forest.","authors":"Samuel J B Robinson, Dafydd M O Elias, Tim Goodall, Andrew T Nottingham, Niall P McNamara, Robert Griffiths, Noreen Majalap, Nicholas J Ostle","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447999","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rainforests provide vital ecosystem services that are underpinned by plant-soil interactions. The forests of Borneo are globally important reservoirs of biodiversity and carbon, but a significant proportion of the forest that remains after large-scale agricultural conversion has been extensively modified due to timber harvest. We have limited understanding of how selective logging affects ecosystem functions including biogeochemical cycles driven by soil microbes. In this study, we sampled soil from logging gaps and co-located intact lowland dipterocarp rainforest in Borneo. We characterised soil bacterial and fungal communities and physicochemical properties and determined soil functioning in terms of enzyme activity, nutrient supply rates, and microbial heterotrophic respiration. Soil microbial biomass, alpha diversity, and most soil properties and functions were resistant to logging. However, we found logging significantly shifted soil bacterial and fungal community composition, reduced the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, increased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and reduced soil inorganic phosphorous concentration and nitrate supply rate, suggesting some downregulation of nutrient cycling. Within gaps, canopy openness was negatively related to ectomycorrhizal abundance and phosphomonoesterase activity and positively related to ammonium supply rate, suggesting control on soil phosphorus and nitrogen cycles via functional shifts in fungal communities. We found some evidence for reduced soil heterotrophic respiration with greater logging disturbance. Overall, our results demonstrate that while many soil microbial community attributes, soil properties, and functions may be resistant to selective logging, logging can significantly impact the composition and abundance of key soil microbial groups linked to the regulation of vital nutrient and carbon cycles in tropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity and geographic distribution of pea-nodulating rhizobia in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
Methods and results: A total of 615 rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of the trapping plants and characterized genetically and symbiotically. The isolates discriminated into 43 genotypes by PCR-RFLP of IGS DNA. Multiple locus sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA, recA, atpD, dnaK, and rpoB genes placed them into eight clusters corresponding to species R. acaciae, R. anhuiense, R. binae, R. bangladeshense, R. hidalgonense, and three suspected novel populations of Rhizobium genosp. I-III. R. acaciae was the dominant group (52.5%) followed by R. anhuiense (30.7%). The other species were minor groups. Based on nodC phylogeny, all of them were the symbiovar viciae. All the tested strains showed efficient symbiotic N2 fixation on pea plants, in which WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 presented the best PGP effects. Some of the tested strains had better IAA production, with WCB18 as the best producer (64.556 mg/L). Their distribution was mainly affected by soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and effective nitrogen. According to the results of symbiotic effect and resistance tests, strains of WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 were selected as candidates for creating inoculants.
Discussion: This suggests that the pea-nodulating rhizobia in Yunnan Province form a unique community. The results gave some novel information about the diversity, diversification, and biogeography of pea-nodulating rhizobia.
{"title":"<i>Rhizobium</i> <i>acaciae</i> and <i>R. anhuiense</i> are the dominant rhizobial symbionts of <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.","authors":"Junjie Zhang, Zeyang Zhao, Yufeng Feng, Jingqi Wang, Xuxiao Zong, Entao Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1437586","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1437586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity and geographic distribution of pea-nodulating rhizobia in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of 615 rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of the trapping plants and characterized genetically and symbiotically. The isolates discriminated into 43 genotypes by PCR-RFLP of IGS DNA. Multiple locus sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA, <i>recA</i>, <i>atpD, dnaK</i>, and <i>rpoB</i> genes placed them into eight clusters corresponding to species <i>R. acaciae</i>, <i>R. anhuiense</i>, <i>R. binae, R. bangladeshense, R. hidalgonense,</i> and three suspected novel populations of <i>Rhizobium</i> genosp. I-III. <i>R. acaciae</i> was the dominant group (52.5%) followed by <i>R. anhuiense</i> (30.7%). The other species were minor groups. Based on <i>nodC</i> phylogeny, all of them were the symbiovar viciae. All the tested strains showed efficient symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> fixation on pea plants, in which WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 presented the best PGP effects. Some of the tested strains had better IAA production, with WCB18 as the best producer (64.556 mg/L). Their distribution was mainly affected by soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and effective nitrogen. According to the results of symbiotic effect and resistance tests, strains of WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 were selected as candidates for creating inoculants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This suggests that the pea-nodulating rhizobia in Yunnan Province form a unique community. The results gave some novel information about the diversity, diversification, and biogeography of pea-nodulating rhizobia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Senecavirus A (SVA), belonging to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae, is an emerging pathogen causing vesicular disease in pigs. The main clinical manifestations of SVA infection include high mortality in neonatal piglets, skin ulceration, and vesicular lesions. So far, there is no commercially available vaccines or drugs against SVA. Construction of SVA infectious clones carrying reporter genes will help understand the characteristics of SVA and promote vaccine development.
Methods: In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for a local SVA isolate and used it to rescue a recombinant SVA, rSVA-eGFP, expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by inserting eGFP, GSG linker and the P2A sequence between 2A and 2B genes.
Results: We found that rSVA-eGFP exhibited a high replication efficiency comparable to the parental virus, was able to express the eGFP reporter efficiently and stable in maintaining the reporter gene up to six rounds of serial passages in BHK-21 cells. In mice, rSVA-eGFP also showed similar replication kinetics and pathogenicity to the parental virus, both causing mild lung lesions. In addition, a high-throughput viral neutralization assay was developed using eGFP as a surrogate readout in a fluorescence-based direct titration (FBT) assay based on rSVA-eGFP, facilitating rapid and accurate determination of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers.
Discussion: The successful establishment of an SVA reverse genetics system and the rescue of rSVA-eGFP would create a powerful tool for future studies of SVA replication mechanisms and pathogenicity as well as for antiviral development.
导言:猪细小病毒 A(SVA)属于细小病毒科猪细小病毒属,是一种新出现的导致猪水泡病的病原体。SVA 感染的主要临床表现包括新生仔猪死亡率高、皮肤溃疡和水泡病。迄今为止,市场上还没有针对 SVA 的疫苗或药物。构建携带报告基因的 SVA 感染克隆将有助于了解 SVA 的特征并促进疫苗的开发:本研究中,我们建立了本地 SVA 分离物的反向遗传学系统,并利用该系统通过插入 eGFP、GSG 连接子以及 2A 和 2B 基因之间的 P2A 序列,挽救了表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)的重组 SVA rSVA-eGFP:结果:我们发现,rSVA-eGFP具有与亲本病毒相当的高复制效率,能高效表达eGFP报告基因,并能在BHK-21细胞中稳定地维持报告基因达6轮系列传代。在小鼠体内,rSVA-eGFP 也表现出与亲本病毒相似的复制动力学和致病性,都会引起轻微的肺部病变。此外,在基于 rSVA-eGFP 的荧光直接滴定(FBT)检测中,使用 eGFP 作为替代读数,开发了一种高通量病毒中和检测方法,有助于快速准确地测定中和抗体(nAb)滴度:讨论:成功建立 SVA 反向遗传学系统并挽救 rSVA-eGFP 将为未来研究 SVA 复制机制和致病性以及开发抗病毒药物提供强有力的工具。
{"title":"Development and characterization of a recombinant Senecavirus A expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein.","authors":"Weihong Huang, Yongjie Chen, Ting Xu, Ting Xiong, Yadi Lv, Dingxiang Liu, Ruiai Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443696","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Senecavirus A (SVA), belonging to the genus <i>Senecavirus</i> in the family <i>Picornaviridae</i>, is an emerging pathogen causing vesicular disease in pigs. The main clinical manifestations of SVA infection include high mortality in neonatal piglets, skin ulceration, and vesicular lesions. So far, there is no commercially available vaccines or drugs against SVA. Construction of SVA infectious clones carrying reporter genes will help understand the characteristics of SVA and promote vaccine development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for a local SVA isolate and used it to rescue a recombinant SVA, rSVA-eGFP, expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by inserting eGFP, GSG linker and the P2A sequence between 2A and 2B genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that rSVA-eGFP exhibited a high replication efficiency comparable to the parental virus, was able to express the eGFP reporter efficiently and stable in maintaining the reporter gene up to six rounds of serial passages in BHK-21 cells. In mice, rSVA-eGFP also showed similar replication kinetics and pathogenicity to the parental virus, both causing mild lung lesions. In addition, a high-throughput viral neutralization assay was developed using eGFP as a surrogate readout in a fluorescence-based direct titration (FBT) assay based on rSVA-eGFP, facilitating rapid and accurate determination of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The successful establishment of an SVA reverse genetics system and the rescue of rSVA-eGFP would create a powerful tool for future studies of SVA replication mechanisms and pathogenicity as well as for antiviral development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1469414
Anna Łasica, Piotr Golec, Agnieszka Laskus, Magdalena Zalewska, Magdalena Gędaj, Magdalena Popowska
Inflammatory periodontal diseases associated with the accumulation of dental biofilm, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are very common and pose clinical problems for clinicians and patients. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease and when treated quickly and properly is completely reversible. Periodontitis is an advanced and irreversible disease of the periodontium with periods of exacerbations, progressions and remission. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that damages the tissues supporting the tooth in its socket, i.e., the gums, periodontal ligaments, root cementum and bone. Periodontal inflammation is most commonly triggered by bacteria present in excessive accumulations of dental plaque (biofilm) on tooth surfaces. This disease is driven by disproportionate host inflammatory immune responses induced by imbalance in the composition of oral bacteria and changes in their metabolic activities. This microbial dysbiosis favors the establishment of inflammatory conditions and ultimately results in the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart microbial shift and host inflammatory response, environmental factors and genetics are also important in etiology In addition to oral tissues destruction, periodontal diseases can also result in significant systemic complications. Conventional methods of periodontal disease treatment (improving oral hygiene, dental biofilm control, mechanical plaque removal, using local or systemic antimicrobial agents) are not fully effective. All this prompts the search for new methods of therapy. Advanced periodontitis with multiple abscesses is often treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, or combined therapy of amoxicillin with metronidazole. However, due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, treatment does not always achieve the desired therapeutic effect. This review summarizes pathogenesis, current approaches in treatment, limitations of therapy and the current state of research on the possibility of application of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria to combat bacteria responsible for periodontitis. We present the current landscape of potential applications for alternative therapies for periodontitis based on phages and bacteria, and highlight the gaps in existing knowledge that need to be addressed before clinical trials utilizing these therapeutic strategies can be seriously considered.
{"title":"Periodontitis: etiology, conventional treatments, and emerging bacteriophage and predatory bacteria therapies.","authors":"Anna Łasica, Piotr Golec, Agnieszka Laskus, Magdalena Zalewska, Magdalena Gędaj, Magdalena Popowska","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1469414","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1469414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory periodontal diseases associated with the accumulation of dental biofilm, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are very common and pose clinical problems for clinicians and patients. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease and when treated quickly and properly is completely reversible. Periodontitis is an advanced and irreversible disease of the periodontium with periods of exacerbations, progressions and remission. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that damages the tissues supporting the tooth in its socket, i.e., the gums, periodontal ligaments, root cementum and bone. Periodontal inflammation is most commonly triggered by bacteria present in excessive accumulations of dental plaque (biofilm) on tooth surfaces. This disease is driven by disproportionate host inflammatory immune responses induced by imbalance in the composition of oral bacteria and changes in their metabolic activities. This microbial dysbiosis favors the establishment of inflammatory conditions and ultimately results in the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart microbial shift and host inflammatory response, environmental factors and genetics are also important in etiology In addition to oral tissues destruction, periodontal diseases can also result in significant systemic complications. Conventional methods of periodontal disease treatment (improving oral hygiene, dental biofilm control, mechanical plaque removal, using local or systemic antimicrobial agents) are not fully effective. All this prompts the search for new methods of therapy. Advanced periodontitis with multiple abscesses is often treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, or combined therapy of amoxicillin with metronidazole. However, due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, treatment does not always achieve the desired therapeutic effect. This review summarizes pathogenesis, current approaches in treatment, limitations of therapy and the current state of research on the possibility of application of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria to combat bacteria responsible for periodontitis. We present the current landscape of potential applications for alternative therapies for periodontitis based on phages and bacteria, and highlight the gaps in existing knowledge that need to be addressed before clinical trials utilizing these therapeutic strategies can be seriously considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426509
Rajkumar D Kherdekar, Avinash B Ade
Plastic pollution is the challenging problem of the world due to usage of plastic in daily life. Plastic is essential for packaging food and other goods and utensils to avoid the risk of microbial attack. Due to its hydrophobic nature, it is used for wrapping as laminates or packaging liquid substances in pouches and sachets. The tensile strength of the plastic is more therefore it is used for manufacturing carrying bags that can bear heavy loads. Plastic is available in various forms as per the requirements in our daily life. Annually millions to trillions of polyethene carry bags are being manufactured and utilized throughout the world. The plastic requires millions of years for natural degradation. The physical and chemical processes are able to degrade plastic material at the meager level by 200 to 500 years in natural conditions. Many industries focus on recycling of plastic. Biodegradation is a comparatively slow and cheaper process that involves microbes. To dispose of plastic completely there is a need of an integrated process in which all the possible methods of disposal are involved and used sustainably so that minimum depletion occurs to the livestock and the environment. In the current review, we could try to emphasize the intricate nature of plastic polymers, pollution caused by it and possible mitigation strategies for plastic waste management.
{"title":"Integrated approaches for plastic waste management.","authors":"Rajkumar D Kherdekar, Avinash B Ade","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426509","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic pollution is the challenging problem of the world due to usage of plastic in daily life. Plastic is essential for packaging food and other goods and utensils to avoid the risk of microbial attack. Due to its hydrophobic nature, it is used for wrapping as laminates or packaging liquid substances in pouches and sachets. The tensile strength of the plastic is more therefore it is used for manufacturing carrying bags that can bear heavy loads. Plastic is available in various forms as per the requirements in our daily life. Annually millions to trillions of polyethene carry bags are being manufactured and utilized throughout the world. The plastic requires millions of years for natural degradation. The physical and chemical processes are able to degrade plastic material at the meager level by 200 to 500 years in natural conditions. Many industries focus on recycling of plastic. Biodegradation is a comparatively slow and cheaper process that involves microbes. To dispose of plastic completely there is a need of an integrated process in which all the possible methods of disposal are involved and used sustainably so that minimum depletion occurs to the livestock and the environment. In the current review, we could try to emphasize the intricate nature of plastic polymers, pollution caused by it and possible mitigation strategies for plastic waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This systematic review explores the relationship between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and heart failure (HF), given the significant impact of TMAO on cardiovascular health. A systematic search and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2024 were conducted, focusing on adult patients with heart failure and healthy controls. The review found that elevated levels of TMAO are associated with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, all of which can exacerbate heart failure. The analysis also highlights that high TMAO levels are linked to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), further supporting TMAO's role as a biomarker in heart failure assessment. The findings suggest that interventions targeting gut microbiota to reduce TMAO could potentially benefit patients with heart failure, although further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such approaches.
{"title":"The association between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and heart failure.","authors":"Zharkyn Jarmukhanov, Nurislam Mukhanbetzhanov, Samat Kozhakhmetov, Madiyar Nurgaziyev, Aliya Sailybayeva, Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Almagul Kushugulova","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440241","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review explores the relationship between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and heart failure (HF), given the significant impact of TMAO on cardiovascular health. A systematic search and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2024 were conducted, focusing on adult patients with heart failure and healthy controls. The review found that elevated levels of TMAO are associated with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, all of which can exacerbate heart failure. The analysis also highlights that high TMAO levels are linked to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), further supporting TMAO's role as a biomarker in heart failure assessment. The findings suggest that interventions targeting gut microbiota to reduce TMAO could potentially benefit patients with heart failure, although further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458221
Sujatha Kandasamy, Kil-Ho Lee, Jayeon Yoo, Jeonghee Yun, Han Byul Kang, Ji Eun Kim, Mi-Hwa Oh, Jun-Sang Ham
Lacticaseibacillus casei KACC92338 was originally isolated from Korean raw milk. The antioxidant activities and protective effect in vitro of this strain were evaluated extensively. The results showed that KACC92338 can tolerate hydrogen peroxide up to 2 mM and cell-free supernatant (CFS) had higher scavenging rates for DPPH, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, and iron chelating activities with 95.61 ± 1.59%, 34.10 ± 1.93%, 2.220 ± 0.82 and 81.06 ± 1.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, the CFS showed a protective effect on yeast cells against 10 mM hydrogen peroxide with a survival rate of 76.05 ± 5.65%. To explore the probiotic potential of KACC92338, whole genome assembly and gene clusters with probiotic properties were further analyzed. The genome size was 3,050,901 bp with a 47.96% GC ratio, and 63 contigs. The genome contains 3,048 genes composed of 2,981 coding sequences and 67 RNAs (including 57 tRNAs +9 rRNAs +1 tmRNA). Average Nucleotide Identity and genome-based taxonomy showed that the KACC92338 genome had close similarity with L. casei strains with 96% ANI. Functional annotation by EggNOG and KEGG revealed the presence of numerous genes putatively involved in carbohydrate- and amino acid-transport and metabolism, genetic information processing, and signaling and cellular processes. Additionally, several genes conferring probiotic characteristics such as tolerance to stress, heat, cold, acid, bile salts, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelium were identified. Notably absent were acquired antibiotic resistance genes, virulence, and pathogenic factors, that prove KACC92338 is a safe strain. Besides, the defense mechanisms of KACC92338 include six prophage regions and three clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays as acquired immune systems against mobile elements. Further, the BAGEL4 database determined antimicrobial bacteriocin clusters of class IIb: sakacin-P, Enterolysin_A, sactipeptides, and Enterocin X, which suggests the strain could exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial functions. Together, these findings show that the L. casei KACC92338 strain can be a potential probiotic candidate in producing functional fermented foods-, health care- and skin care products- with antioxidant properties. However, a few more mechanistic studies are necessary on the safety assurance and potential application of the strain as a probiotic agent.
{"title":"Whole genome sequencing of <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> KACC92338 strain with strong antioxidant activity, reveals genes and gene clusters of probiotic and antimicrobial potential.","authors":"Sujatha Kandasamy, Kil-Ho Lee, Jayeon Yoo, Jeonghee Yun, Han Byul Kang, Ji Eun Kim, Mi-Hwa Oh, Jun-Sang Ham","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458221","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> KACC92338 was originally isolated from Korean raw milk. The antioxidant activities and protective effect <i>in vitro</i> of this strain were evaluated extensively. The results showed that KACC92338 can tolerate hydrogen peroxide up to 2 mM and cell-free supernatant (CFS) had higher scavenging rates for DPPH, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, and iron chelating activities with 95.61 ± 1.59%, 34.10 ± 1.93%, 2.220 ± 0.82 and 81.06 ± 1.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, the CFS showed a protective effect on yeast cells against 10 mM hydrogen peroxide with a survival rate of 76.05 ± 5.65%. To explore the probiotic potential of KACC92338, whole genome assembly and gene clusters with probiotic properties were further analyzed. The genome size was 3,050,901 bp with a 47.96% GC ratio, and 63 contigs. The genome contains 3,048 genes composed of 2,981 coding sequences and 67 RNAs (including 57 tRNAs +9 rRNAs +1 tmRNA). Average Nucleotide Identity and genome-based taxonomy showed that the KACC92338 genome had close similarity with <i>L. casei</i> strains with 96% ANI. Functional annotation by EggNOG and KEGG revealed the presence of numerous genes putatively involved in carbohydrate- and amino acid-transport and metabolism, genetic information processing, and signaling and cellular processes. Additionally, several genes conferring probiotic characteristics such as tolerance to stress, heat, cold, acid, bile salts, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelium were identified. Notably absent were acquired antibiotic resistance genes, virulence, and pathogenic factors, that prove KACC92338 is a safe strain. Besides, the defense mechanisms of KACC92338 include six prophage regions and three clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays as acquired immune systems against mobile elements. Further, the BAGEL4 database determined antimicrobial bacteriocin clusters of class IIb: sakacin-P, Enterolysin_A, sactipeptides, and Enterocin X, which suggests the strain could exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial functions. Together, these findings show that the <i>L. casei</i> KACC92338 strain can be a potential probiotic candidate in producing functional fermented foods-, health care- and skin care products- with antioxidant properties. However, a few more mechanistic studies are necessary on the safety assurance and potential application of the strain as a probiotic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420872
Yang Yang, Yuanji Zhao, Huan Lei
In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SDSP202418 isolated from shrimp paste on the exercise performance of fatigued mice were analyzed, and the potential action mechanism was revealed. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 significantly improved the exhaustion time of the mice and regulated the biochemical indices (lactate dehydrogenase, nitrogen, and uric acid) of the fatigued mice to resist fatigue. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 also upregulated the mRNA expression of slow muscle fibers and downregulated the mRNA expression of fast muscle fibers in the exercise mice by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in the fatigued mice. It also increased the contents of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)) in the liver and muscle. These enzymes removed and repaired oxidative free radicals to achieve antifatigue. In addition, L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 can change the gut microbial structure and modulate the abundance and balance of fatigue-related gut microbiota, which in turn exerts antifatigue effects. L. rhamnosus SDSP202418 is a functional food component that relieves fatigue after exercise.
{"title":"Alleviating effect of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 on exercise-induced fatigue in mice.","authors":"Yang Yang, Yuanji Zhao, Huan Lei","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420872","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the effects of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 isolated from shrimp paste on the exercise performance of fatigued mice were analyzed, and the potential action mechanism was revealed. <i>L. rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 significantly improved the exhaustion time of the mice and regulated the biochemical indices (lactate dehydrogenase, nitrogen, and uric acid) of the fatigued mice to resist fatigue. <i>L. rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 also upregulated the mRNA expression of slow muscle fibers and downregulated the mRNA expression of fast muscle fibers in the exercise mice by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in the fatigued mice. It also increased the contents of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)) in the liver and muscle. These enzymes removed and repaired oxidative free radicals to achieve antifatigue. In addition, <i>L. rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 can change the gut microbial structure and modulate the abundance and balance of fatigue-related gut microbiota, which in turn exerts antifatigue effects. <i>L. rhamnosus</i> SDSP202418 is a functional food component that relieves fatigue after exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to public health; This is partly due to the lack of advancements in the development of novel antibiotics and the pressing need for alternative treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess secretory components that enhance the immune response and peptides that disrupt the bacteria constitution. The isolation of various human tissues has facilitated the investigation of the diverse potentials of MSC and their components. Further research is needed to fully understand the spectrum and efficacy of these elements and their differences. The primary aim of this study was to perform a thorough review of the current literature related to the antimicrobial properties of MSC and their associated components. The objective was to establish an insight into the results and effects of utilizing MSC in relation to bacterial colonization, and to present an overview of previously documented findings.
Methods: This systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Data on the effect of MSC or their derivatives were measured by calculating the percentage of bacterial counts reduction after treatment with MSC in comparison to the control.
Results: A total of 3,911 articles were screened, and 31 eligible publications were selected for inclusion in the analysis. In the current systematic review, the majority of the experimental designs showed positive outcomes in terms of bacterial load reduction when MSC or their derivatives were used, with bone marrow being the most effective tissue. The rest of the findings exhibited heterogeneity in the spectrum of outcomes that could be attributed to the effects of using various tissues derived MSC in both in vivo and in vitro studies.
Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate the potential antibacterial characteristics of MSC. The direct antimicrobial activity of these cells was demonstrated by our results, which quantitatively showed a decrease in bacterial growth after treatment with MSC. However, additional research is required to clarify the factors that determine the efficacy of their antimicrobial activity and their various components.
导言:抗菌药耐药性(AMR)问题日益严重,对公共卫生构成了重大挑战;部分原因是新型抗生素的开发缺乏进展,迫切需要替代治疗方案。间充质干细胞(MSC)具有增强免疫反应的分泌成分和破坏细菌构成的肽。各种人体组织的分离为研究间充质干细胞及其成分的各种潜力提供了便利。要充分了解这些成分的范围和功效及其差异,还需要进一步的研究。本研究的主要目的是对目前与间充质干细胞及其相关成分的抗菌特性有关的文献进行全面回顾。其目的是深入了解使用间充质干细胞对细菌定植的结果和影响,并概述以前记录的研究结果:本系统性文献综述使用了 PubMed、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库。有关间充质干细胞或其衍生物效果的数据是通过计算间充质干细胞治疗后细菌计数减少的百分比来衡量的:结果:共筛选出 3,911 篇文章,其中 31 篇符合条件并纳入分析。在目前的系统综述中,大多数实验设计都显示,使用间充质干细胞或其衍生物能有效减少细菌数量,其中骨髓是最有效的组织。其余的研究结果表明,在体内和体外研究中使用不同组织提取的间充质干细胞会产生不同的效果:我们的研究结果表明了间充质干细胞潜在的抗菌特性。我们的研究结果表明了这些细胞的直接抗菌活性,从数量上看,使用间充质干细胞处理后,细菌的生长减少了。不过,还需要进行更多的研究,以明确决定间充质干细胞抗菌功效的因素及其各种成分。
{"title":"Antibacterial effects of human mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives: a systematic review.","authors":"Adeline Castro Ramos, Markus Yovian Widjaja Lomanto, Cat-Khanh Vuong, Osamu Ohneda, Mizuho Fukushige","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430650","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to public health; This is partly due to the lack of advancements in the development of novel antibiotics and the pressing need for alternative treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess secretory components that enhance the immune response and peptides that disrupt the bacteria constitution. The isolation of various human tissues has facilitated the investigation of the diverse potentials of MSC and their components. Further research is needed to fully understand the spectrum and efficacy of these elements and their differences. The primary aim of this study was to perform a thorough review of the current literature related to the antimicrobial properties of MSC and their associated components. The objective was to establish an insight into the results and effects of utilizing MSC in relation to bacterial colonization, and to present an overview of previously documented findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Data on the effect of MSC or their derivatives were measured by calculating the percentage of bacterial counts reduction after treatment with MSC in comparison to the control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,911 articles were screened, and 31 eligible publications were selected for inclusion in the analysis. In the current systematic review, the majority of the experimental designs showed positive outcomes in terms of bacterial load reduction when MSC or their derivatives were used, with bone marrow being the most effective tissue. The rest of the findings exhibited heterogeneity in the spectrum of outcomes that could be attributed to the effects of using various tissues derived MSC in both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our study indicate the potential antibacterial characteristics of MSC. The direct antimicrobial activity of these cells was demonstrated by our results, which quantitatively showed a decrease in bacterial growth after treatment with MSC. However, additional research is required to clarify the factors that determine the efficacy of their antimicrobial activity and their various components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}