Future Science OA最新文献

Extracellular vesicles are a group of heterogeneous particles secreted during both physiological and pathological conditions which serve in intercellular communication and play a role in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck with a high mortality rate. Extensive research is being conducted in order to determine the precise role of extracellular vesicles in oncogenic processes and to explore the possible application of extracellular vesicles as early tumor biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to systematize observed roles extracellular vesicles might play in organizing of tumor microenvironment, tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as the impact of extracellular vesicles on immune dysregulation and development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Additionally, we summarized findings involving the potential use of extracellular vesicles cargo proteins as early disease biomarkers.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic selection of abnormal uterine bleeding with ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) among Chinese women and analyze the impact of various factors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 3527 patients with AUB-O diagnosed by local doctor between 14 and 55 years old. Questionnaire compiled according to the Chinese AUB-O treatment guidelines was used to collect the demographic and therapeutic information.

Results: The patients were divided into the juvenile group, the reproductive group, and the senior group. The results showed that irregular menstruation (37.6-46.3%), dysmenorrhea (29.9-44.4%), and heavy menstrual bleeding (16.7-32.2%) were the main symptoms in Chinese AUB-O patients. Most of the patients chose to seek help in the Department of General Gynecology (78.6-90.7%). Among the therapeutic options, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) met the treatment expectations with high acceptance among patients (36.6%-52.2%).

Conclusion: This study underscores the crucial need to fortify the endocrine diagnostic proficiency of doctors within the Department of General Gynecology. Furthermore, it also indicates that implementing clinical medication education programs for patients could facilitate their correct selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies for AUB-O.

Aim: To investigate the population-level association between family size and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, focusing on broad patterns rather than causal mechanisms or individual-level effects.

Methods: Population level correlations of family size to CVD incidence were analyzed with scatter plots, simple regression, partial correlation and multivariate regression separately. Aging, economic affluence, obesity and urbanization were incorporated in models as potential confounders.

Results: Globally, family size negatively correlated to CVD incidence rate. This relationship remained in partial correlation analyses when controlling for confounders. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that family size may be the most significant predictor of CVD incidence.

Conclusions: Large family size is significantly associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, potentially due to biological, psychological, and social factors. However, as the data are cross-sectional, this relationship should be interpreted as correlational rather than causal. The association appears more pronounced in developing countries, where contextual factors may amplify its effects.

Aim: To find risk factors of major amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) by a combination of both personal risk factors and treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients diagnosed as symptomatic PAD. Predictors for major amputation were analyzed.

Results: There were 221 patients with PAD met the study criteria; 28 patients (12.67%) had major amputation events. There were three independent factors Rutherford classification, white blood cell, and serum albumin. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of these factors were 1.824 (1.118, 2.976), 1.073 (1.019, 1.131), and 0.421 (0.202, 0.879), respectively.

Conclusions: Serum albumin was modifiable to prevent future major amputation in patients with PAD.

Aims: To evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of a polyherbal formulation consisting of Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, and Trigonella foenum-graecum through in-vitro assays, and investigate its synergistic effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin function.

Materials and methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared using methanol, water, and methanol-water as solvents. In-vitro antioxidant (DPPH, Phosphomolybdenum) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, yeast glucose uptake, and inhibitory glucose diffusion) assays were conducted. L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were used for MTT assay and glucose uptake.

Results: The methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities compared to aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. The IC₅₀ values in DPPH and α-amylase inhibition assays were close to standard drugs, while the MTT assay demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity, confirming the extract's safety. Glucose uptake increased significantly, particularly in L6 cells treated with the methanolic extract.

Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation exhibited potent anti-diabetic properties, particularly the methanolic extract, showing significant glucose regulation and insulin function improvement. This formulation holds promise as a natural treatment for diabetes.

Background: This study compares the setup time and steps of two different subcutaneous infusion pumps using a 50 mL prefilled syringe (or PFS).

Methods: This cross-sectional time and motion assessment followed by a survey gathered patient setup time, number of steps, and surveyed preference for the FREEDOM60^® ("Pump A"; manufactured by KORU Medical Systems, Inc.) and SCIg60^™ ("Pump B"; manufactured by EMED Technologies Corporation) pump for subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) therapy. Participants were recruited from the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) patient network. Participants provided informed consent, engaged in a hands-on demonstration, and completed a self-administered survey.

Results: 89% reported faster setup times with the Pump A infusion system, resulting in time efficiency improvements. Fast and easy setup, portability, and minimal steps were highly valued and influenced patient satisfaction. Challenges included pump malfunction and complex setup. Patients preferred prefilled syringes due to ease and potential error reduction. Fast setup time was important for arthritis management, reducing stress, work accommodation, and caregiver assistance.

Conclusion: A significant majority (78%) of patients preferred Pump A over Pump B. It showed advantages in load/unload setup time, resulting in time savings and increased efficiency for SCIg therapy. Incorporating Pump A may enhance treatment adherence and satisfaction, improving outcomes in primary immunodeficiency (PID) management.

This article addresses the complex relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent substance use. Drawing on evidence from neurodevelopmental, psychological/emotional, behavioral, and social research, we determined that childhood trauma, which includes early life stress, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and toxic stress, can upset brain development, emotion regulation, and stress-response systems, thereby creating lasting vulnerabilities. These neurological changes both generate and interact with behavioral traits such as impulsivity, poor coping, and emotional dysregulation, thus increasing the risk of substance use as a dysfunctional coping strategy. Social and environmental factors, such as caregiver substance use, peer influences, and community-level disadvantage, further compound these effects. However, individual traits, including effortful control and supportive relationships can attenuate these risks. Moreover, evidence-based interventions that address integrated, trauma-informed, and developmentally appropriate approaches have demonstrated promise in reducing the risks of adolescent substance use among trauma-exposed youth. The article concludes by calling for more conceptual integration across disciplines, longitudinal studies, and culturally responsive prevention, intervention, and treatment approaches.

Introduction: In the past, total gastrectomy (TG) was the most common surgical method, but now proximal gastrectomy (PG) has gradually become an alternative surgical method for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer. However, there is no recognized preferred anastomosis method after PG. In view of this, Hao's esophagogastrostomy by fissure technique (HEFT) proposed by the author's team can reduce the difficulty of the operation and the occurrence of postoperative complications. 13 cases that underwent this technique were free of complications during postoperative follow-up, and the intraoperative anastomosis time was significantly shorter than that reported in the literature for Double-flap technique (45 min vs. 79-114 min).

Methods and analysis: This is a single-center, single-arm, prospective clinical study. We will recruit 30 eligible patients consecutively to undergo HEFT. The primary objective is to assess perioperative safety. The secondary objectives: (1) Incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis; (2) Assess the quality of life at 3 Months Postoperatively by EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scales. Measurement data will be presented as mean ± standard deviation ($\overline{x}\hspace{0.17em}\pm \text{\hspace{0.17em}s}$). Count data will be presented as rates (%).

The prevalence of obesity and OSA are increasing world-wide. Concomitantly, the number of surgical procedures being performed in an outpatient setting is increasing. Both the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) and the Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine (SASM) have published guidelines for the perioperative care of the OSA patient. These guidelines were published in 2014 and 2016, respectively. While they serve as an excellent resource for the perioperative management of the OSA patient, the increasing number of obese, OSA patients having procedures performed in the ambulatory setting call into question the feasibility of some of these recommendations in 2024. This review highlights the current recommendations as well as the challenges in caring for the OSA patient in the perioperative setting.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a prevalent complication of cancer therapy, frequently associated with oral pain, dysphagia, malnutrition, and systemic infections. OM that develops during cancer treatment can result in delays or interruptions in anti-cancer therapies, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Oral cryotherapy (OC) involves the use of crushed ice, specialized cryotherapy devices, and other cooling methods to lower the temperature in the oral cavity during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, thereby reducing the incidence and severity of cancer treatment-related OM. This review aims to elucidate the role of OC in managing OM induced by anticancer therapy by summarizing the mechanisms, specific operational procedures, and potential adverse reactions associated with cryotherapy for OM. It also compares the efficacy of cryotherapy with other preventive and therapeutic approaches for OM, as well as their combined applications. While cryotherapy demonstrates effectiveness in preventing the incidence and severity of cancer treatment-related OM, it is not effective for OM that has already been formed because of previous treatments. Therefore, integrating cryotherapy with basic oral care, photobiomodulation therapy, pharmacological interventions, traditional Chinese medicine, and other modalities is essential for optimal prevention and management of cancer treatment-related OM.