The author describes a technique for linearization of analog signals produced by typical sensors in modern vehicle applications. With this technique, arbitrary linearization functions can be selected simply. The proposed digital linearization method overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional linearization methods, at the expense of some additional hardware and more stringent requirements on the internal voltage reference. The technique can be extended to meet necessary accuracy requirements, though the principal application is low-cost display instrumentation. As a result of this linearization method, a linear output voltage is available for recording or display. A survey of conventional techniques for signal linearization is presented, followed by a description of the proposed technique, including design considerations. A typical application example is included.<>
{"title":"Digital linearization and display of non-linear analog (sensor) signals","authors":"M. Kraska","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47593","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes a technique for linearization of analog signals produced by typical sensors in modern vehicle applications. With this technique, arbitrary linearization functions can be selected simply. The proposed digital linearization method overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional linearization methods, at the expense of some additional hardware and more stringent requirements on the internal voltage reference. The technique can be extended to meet necessary accuracy requirements, though the principal application is low-cost display instrumentation. As a result of this linearization method, a linear output voltage is available for recording or display. A survey of conventional techniques for signal linearization is presented, followed by a description of the proposed technique, including design considerations. A typical application example is included.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129972880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dual-processor controller has been developed for evaluating advanced automotive control algorithms. The controller is architectured around a general-purpose microcontroller and a digital signal processor. The main goal of the design is efficient computation of mathematically oriented algorithms with the ability to interface with sensors and actuators. The effectiveness of the system architecture was demonstrated by a real-time fast-Fourier-transform application to road characterization and by state estimation of a quarter car test rig. Also shown was the ability of such controllers to handle modern control theory requirements as applied to an optimal active suspension control.<>
{"title":"Dual processor automotive controller","authors":"K. Majeed","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47592","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-processor controller has been developed for evaluating advanced automotive control algorithms. The controller is architectured around a general-purpose microcontroller and a digital signal processor. The main goal of the design is efficient computation of mathematically oriented algorithms with the ability to interface with sensors and actuators. The effectiveness of the system architecture was demonstrated by a real-time fast-Fourier-transform application to road characterization and by state estimation of a quarter car test rig. Also shown was the ability of such controllers to handle modern control theory requirements as applied to an optimal active suspension control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"64 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author outlines a number of typical automotive electronics requirements and provides examples of technologies and design techniques currently used to satisfy both electrical and mechanical (packaging) requirements. Factors determining the choice of a particular technology are examined, and attention is given to product design, output configurations, and output protection. It is concluded that those components which must interface directly with the vehicle's supply or system input/outputs need to utilize an appropriate power integrated circuit technology to meet supply and input/output requirements. The demands for increased protection, a safe operating area, and reliability must be addressed at the design level in order to respond to present and future challenges of higher quality and reliability demanded by competitive pressures, such as extended warranties, while meeting cost and performance objectives.<>
{"title":"Designing electronics for the automotive environment","authors":"R. Lutz","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47590","url":null,"abstract":"The author outlines a number of typical automotive electronics requirements and provides examples of technologies and design techniques currently used to satisfy both electrical and mechanical (packaging) requirements. Factors determining the choice of a particular technology are examined, and attention is given to product design, output configurations, and output protection. It is concluded that those components which must interface directly with the vehicle's supply or system input/outputs need to utilize an appropriate power integrated circuit technology to meet supply and input/output requirements. The demands for increased protection, a safe operating area, and reliability must be addressed at the design level in order to respond to present and future challenges of higher quality and reliability demanded by competitive pressures, such as extended warranties, while meeting cost and performance objectives.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cost-effective, mixed technology process has been developed that extends the operating range of bipolar integrated circuits into the power integrated circuit regime. The process simultaneously produces CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) logic with a PNP vertical power device. The combination can withstand transients in excess of 85 V and jump start (24 V) and reverse polarity conditions while controlling several amperes of current, making it ideal for automotive applications. Two production devices and a new product that have been developed using the BiMOS (bipolar MOS) process are described: (1) a high-side switch that is used for controlling inductive loads; (2) a transient suppressor used to protect voltage-sensitive electronic components; and (3) a low-side, protected driver.<>
{"title":"Automotive applications of power BiMOS","authors":"R. Frank, P. O'Malley","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47586","url":null,"abstract":"A cost-effective, mixed technology process has been developed that extends the operating range of bipolar integrated circuits into the power integrated circuit regime. The process simultaneously produces CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) logic with a PNP vertical power device. The combination can withstand transients in excess of 85 V and jump start (24 V) and reverse polarity conditions while controlling several amperes of current, making it ideal for automotive applications. Two production devices and a new product that have been developed using the BiMOS (bipolar MOS) process are described: (1) a high-side switch that is used for controlling inductive loads; (2) a transient suppressor used to protect voltage-sensitive electronic components; and (3) a low-side, protected driver.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"122 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131435874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ideno, F. Matsukawa, Y. Mizutani, H. Takasago, M. Bessho, H. Arai
Requirements on instrumentation for automotive navigation systems are discussed, and liquid crystal display (LCD) equipment developed for this purpose is described. A direct multiplexed full-color LCD having 320*200 trio dots was developed and applied to a graphic display unit. Through the use of the newly developed COG (chip-on-glass) technology, a small and thin display module was realized. A route guidance indicator was developed using a segment-type LDC and a monochromatic dot-matrix LCD, and it was applied to an actual automotive navigation system. This indicator displays such information as the form and name of crossings as a car approaches it. Not only can it show the extracted principle information, but it can also be mounted at a place near the driver's regular eye position. For these reasons, this indicator is useful for improving the information cognitivity of navigation systems.<>
{"title":"LCD instrumentation for automotive navigation system","authors":"H. Ideno, F. Matsukawa, Y. Mizutani, H. Takasago, M. Bessho, H. Arai","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47589","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements on instrumentation for automotive navigation systems are discussed, and liquid crystal display (LCD) equipment developed for this purpose is described. A direct multiplexed full-color LCD having 320*200 trio dots was developed and applied to a graphic display unit. Through the use of the newly developed COG (chip-on-glass) technology, a small and thin display module was realized. A route guidance indicator was developed using a segment-type LDC and a monochromatic dot-matrix LCD, and it was applied to an actual automotive navigation system. This indicator displays such information as the form and name of crossings as a car approaches it. Not only can it show the extracted principle information, but it can also be mounted at a place near the driver's regular eye position. For these reasons, this indicator is useful for improving the information cognitivity of navigation systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fuzzy logic controller with a built-in function for self-tuning of control characteristics has been applied to an automatic speed control device (ASCD) to create a robust system for production vehicles. Fuzzy logic is used to predict drivers' individual preferences for control characteristics when the vehicle speed is controlled to a set level by the ASCD system. The results are then reflected in the control characteristics to provide the preferred speed control.<>
{"title":"Automatic speed control device using self-tuning fuzzy logic","authors":"H. Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47596","url":null,"abstract":"A fuzzy logic controller with a built-in function for self-tuning of control characteristics has been applied to an automatic speed control device (ASCD) to create a robust system for production vehicles. Fuzzy logic is used to predict drivers' individual preferences for control characteristics when the vehicle speed is controlled to a set level by the ASCD system. The results are then reflected in the control characteristics to provide the preferred speed control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two methodologies for designing a longitudinal controller for an automated vehicle are presented and compared. The first, parameter scheduling, involves a linearization of vehicle dynamics about a number of operating points, and the specification of an observer/controller compensator for each of those points. The second emphasizes an explicit accounting for nonlinearities in the selection of a nonlinear observer/controller compensator. The utility of these approaches was evaluated by designing a controller for vehicle operation on dry roads under nonemergency conditions and then evaluating controlled vehicle performance by a digital computer simulation. In contrast to the first approach, the second approach can be extended to design an observer/controller compensator for the full range of such conditions.<>
{"title":"On vehicle longitudinal controller design","authors":"A. S. Hauksdóttir, R. Fenton","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47598","url":null,"abstract":"Two methodologies for designing a longitudinal controller for an automated vehicle are presented and compared. The first, parameter scheduling, involves a linearization of vehicle dynamics about a number of operating points, and the specification of an observer/controller compensator for each of those points. The second emphasizes an explicit accounting for nonlinearities in the selection of a nonlinear observer/controller compensator. The utility of these approaches was evaluated by designing a controller for vehicle operation on dry roads under nonemergency conditions and then evaluating controlled vehicle performance by a digital computer simulation. In contrast to the first approach, the second approach can be extended to design an observer/controller compensator for the full range of such conditions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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