The author describes a technique for linearization of analog signals produced by typical sensors in modern vehicle applications. With this technique, arbitrary linearization functions can be selected simply. The proposed digital linearization method overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional linearization methods, at the expense of some additional hardware and more stringent requirements on the internal voltage reference. The technique can be extended to meet necessary accuracy requirements, though the principal application is low-cost display instrumentation. As a result of this linearization method, a linear output voltage is available for recording or display. A survey of conventional techniques for signal linearization is presented, followed by a description of the proposed technique, including design considerations. A typical application example is included.<>
{"title":"Digital linearization and display of non-linear analog (sensor) signals","authors":"M. Kraska","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47593","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes a technique for linearization of analog signals produced by typical sensors in modern vehicle applications. With this technique, arbitrary linearization functions can be selected simply. The proposed digital linearization method overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional linearization methods, at the expense of some additional hardware and more stringent requirements on the internal voltage reference. The technique can be extended to meet necessary accuracy requirements, though the principal application is low-cost display instrumentation. As a result of this linearization method, a linear output voltage is available for recording or display. A survey of conventional techniques for signal linearization is presented, followed by a description of the proposed technique, including design considerations. A typical application example is included.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129972880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dual-processor controller has been developed for evaluating advanced automotive control algorithms. The controller is architectured around a general-purpose microcontroller and a digital signal processor. The main goal of the design is efficient computation of mathematically oriented algorithms with the ability to interface with sensors and actuators. The effectiveness of the system architecture was demonstrated by a real-time fast-Fourier-transform application to road characterization and by state estimation of a quarter car test rig. Also shown was the ability of such controllers to handle modern control theory requirements as applied to an optimal active suspension control.<>
{"title":"Dual processor automotive controller","authors":"K. Majeed","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47592","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-processor controller has been developed for evaluating advanced automotive control algorithms. The controller is architectured around a general-purpose microcontroller and a digital signal processor. The main goal of the design is efficient computation of mathematically oriented algorithms with the ability to interface with sensors and actuators. The effectiveness of the system architecture was demonstrated by a real-time fast-Fourier-transform application to road characterization and by state estimation of a quarter car test rig. Also shown was the ability of such controllers to handle modern control theory requirements as applied to an optimal active suspension control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"64 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author outlines a number of typical automotive electronics requirements and provides examples of technologies and design techniques currently used to satisfy both electrical and mechanical (packaging) requirements. Factors determining the choice of a particular technology are examined, and attention is given to product design, output configurations, and output protection. It is concluded that those components which must interface directly with the vehicle's supply or system input/outputs need to utilize an appropriate power integrated circuit technology to meet supply and input/output requirements. The demands for increased protection, a safe operating area, and reliability must be addressed at the design level in order to respond to present and future challenges of higher quality and reliability demanded by competitive pressures, such as extended warranties, while meeting cost and performance objectives.<>
{"title":"Designing electronics for the automotive environment","authors":"R. Lutz","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47590","url":null,"abstract":"The author outlines a number of typical automotive electronics requirements and provides examples of technologies and design techniques currently used to satisfy both electrical and mechanical (packaging) requirements. Factors determining the choice of a particular technology are examined, and attention is given to product design, output configurations, and output protection. It is concluded that those components which must interface directly with the vehicle's supply or system input/outputs need to utilize an appropriate power integrated circuit technology to meet supply and input/output requirements. The demands for increased protection, a safe operating area, and reliability must be addressed at the design level in order to respond to present and future challenges of higher quality and reliability demanded by competitive pressures, such as extended warranties, while meeting cost and performance objectives.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cost-effective, mixed technology process has been developed that extends the operating range of bipolar integrated circuits into the power integrated circuit regime. The process simultaneously produces CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) logic with a PNP vertical power device. The combination can withstand transients in excess of 85 V and jump start (24 V) and reverse polarity conditions while controlling several amperes of current, making it ideal for automotive applications. Two production devices and a new product that have been developed using the BiMOS (bipolar MOS) process are described: (1) a high-side switch that is used for controlling inductive loads; (2) a transient suppressor used to protect voltage-sensitive electronic components; and (3) a low-side, protected driver.<>
{"title":"Automotive applications of power BiMOS","authors":"R. Frank, P. O'Malley","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47586","url":null,"abstract":"A cost-effective, mixed technology process has been developed that extends the operating range of bipolar integrated circuits into the power integrated circuit regime. The process simultaneously produces CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) logic with a PNP vertical power device. The combination can withstand transients in excess of 85 V and jump start (24 V) and reverse polarity conditions while controlling several amperes of current, making it ideal for automotive applications. Two production devices and a new product that have been developed using the BiMOS (bipolar MOS) process are described: (1) a high-side switch that is used for controlling inductive loads; (2) a transient suppressor used to protect voltage-sensitive electronic components; and (3) a low-side, protected driver.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"122 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131435874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ideno, F. Matsukawa, Y. Mizutani, H. Takasago, M. Bessho, H. Arai
Requirements on instrumentation for automotive navigation systems are discussed, and liquid crystal display (LCD) equipment developed for this purpose is described. A direct multiplexed full-color LCD having 320*200 trio dots was developed and applied to a graphic display unit. Through the use of the newly developed COG (chip-on-glass) technology, a small and thin display module was realized. A route guidance indicator was developed using a segment-type LDC and a monochromatic dot-matrix LCD, and it was applied to an actual automotive navigation system. This indicator displays such information as the form and name of crossings as a car approaches it. Not only can it show the extracted principle information, but it can also be mounted at a place near the driver's regular eye position. For these reasons, this indicator is useful for improving the information cognitivity of navigation systems.<>
{"title":"LCD instrumentation for automotive navigation system","authors":"H. Ideno, F. Matsukawa, Y. Mizutani, H. Takasago, M. Bessho, H. Arai","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47589","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements on instrumentation for automotive navigation systems are discussed, and liquid crystal display (LCD) equipment developed for this purpose is described. A direct multiplexed full-color LCD having 320*200 trio dots was developed and applied to a graphic display unit. Through the use of the newly developed COG (chip-on-glass) technology, a small and thin display module was realized. A route guidance indicator was developed using a segment-type LDC and a monochromatic dot-matrix LCD, and it was applied to an actual automotive navigation system. This indicator displays such information as the form and name of crossings as a car approaches it. Not only can it show the extracted principle information, but it can also be mounted at a place near the driver's regular eye position. For these reasons, this indicator is useful for improving the information cognitivity of navigation systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kiuchi, H. Morito, K. Kawata, R. Ishida, T. Nakamoto
The authors describe a newly developed LSI (large-scale integrated circuit) digital signal processor for car acoustic environment reproduction. The DS-SP device is able to compensate the sound position image and dynamically change filter programs or coefficients together with filtering operations at the same time. Because of internal random-access memory for instructions and filter coefficient storage, the device's operations are not limited to its memory size, and its instructions and filter coefficients are dynamically changed without disturbing sound processing. The following features of this processing unit are described: architecture, internal block, instruction set, and support tools.<>
{"title":"The digital signal processor LSI for car acoustic environment reproduction","authors":"T. Kiuchi, H. Morito, K. Kawata, R. Ishida, T. Nakamoto","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47587","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a newly developed LSI (large-scale integrated circuit) digital signal processor for car acoustic environment reproduction. The DS-SP device is able to compensate the sound position image and dynamically change filter programs or coefficients together with filtering operations at the same time. Because of internal random-access memory for instructions and filter coefficient storage, the device's operations are not limited to its memory size, and its instructions and filter coefficients are dynamically changed without disturbing sound processing. The following features of this processing unit are described: architecture, internal block, instruction set, and support tools.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe the NIP-III image processor, which can execute a wide variety of general image processing operations for automobile industry manufacturing applications. Sixteen processing units having the same architecture are connected in rows. Individual users can input desired instructions to each unit and also freely change the bus lines linking the units. The processing units are implemented by gate-array large-scale integrated circuits and can perform the arithmetic and logic functions needed for image processing. A high processing speed has been achieved without increasing the size of the circuits. The authors present the hardware architecture of the NIP-III and describe its processing capabilities.<>
{"title":"Development of a high-speed image processor","authors":"K. Nohsoh, K. Akutagawa","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47588","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the NIP-III image processor, which can execute a wide variety of general image processing operations for automobile industry manufacturing applications. Sixteen processing units having the same architecture are connected in rows. Individual users can input desired instructions to each unit and also freely change the bus lines linking the units. The processing units are implemented by gate-array large-scale integrated circuits and can perform the arithmetic and logic functions needed for image processing. A high processing speed has been achieved without increasing the size of the circuits. The authors present the hardware architecture of the NIP-III and describe its processing capabilities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117257916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors discuss the application of detection filters to the diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures in automotive control systems. The detection filter is the embodiment of a model-based failure detection and isolation (FDI) methodology, which utilizes analytical redundancy within a dynamical system (e.g. engine/controller) to isolate the cause and location of abnormal behavior (i.e. failures). The authors present the philosophy and essential features of FDI theory and describe the practical application of the method to the diagnosis of faults in some key sensors in an electronically controlled internal combustion engine.<>
{"title":"Application of failure detection filters to the diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures in electronically controlled engines","authors":"G. Rizzoni, P. S. Min","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47595","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss the application of detection filters to the diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures in automotive control systems. The detection filter is the embodiment of a model-based failure detection and isolation (FDI) methodology, which utilizes analytical redundancy within a dynamical system (e.g. engine/controller) to isolate the cause and location of abnormal behavior (i.e. failures). The authors present the philosophy and essential features of FDI theory and describe the practical application of the method to the diagnosis of faults in some key sensors in an electronically controlled internal combustion engine.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126190539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An electronic tag and reader system using modulated backscatter at 915 MHz or 2450 MHz is described which has a reading range from several centimeters to tens of meters, reads a 128 bit message in 30 ms, can read tags in motion, and discriminates between tags in the field of view by proximity. It is concluded that this electronic ID system can now be used for the automatic identification of vehicles. This system uses high-frequency RF signals to read remotely an electronically coded ID or other message from a tag mounted to the vehicle (or any other object to be identified), whether the vehicle is stationary or moving. It has been tested on trucks, railway cars, intermodal containers, and automobiles to perform quickly, inexpensively, and reliably tasks that until now were done by human operators.<>
{"title":"Short range UHF telemetry system using passive transponders for vehicle ID and status information","authors":"A. Koelle","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47591","url":null,"abstract":"An electronic tag and reader system using modulated backscatter at 915 MHz or 2450 MHz is described which has a reading range from several centimeters to tens of meters, reads a 128 bit message in 30 ms, can read tags in motion, and discriminates between tags in the field of view by proximity. It is concluded that this electronic ID system can now be used for the automatic identification of vehicles. This system uses high-frequency RF signals to read remotely an electronically coded ID or other message from a tag mounted to the vehicle (or any other object to be identified), whether the vehicle is stationary or moving. It has been tested on trucks, railway cars, intermodal containers, and automobiles to perform quickly, inexpensively, and reliably tasks that until now were done by human operators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiprocessor-based real-time control is discussed. A multiprocessor architecture is presented for the dynamic control of various engine, body, ride, and safety parameters. This architecture is extended to complex vehicles. Control of static body parameters is implemented by using a single-bit serial bus. Dynamic parameters such as the fuel/air mixture and spark timing are controlled by monitoring the sensor readings and executing control routines. The concept of diagnostics is emphasized both for static and dynamic parameters. The diagnostic status of various units is stored in memory. This can be used by the mechanic during repair.<>
{"title":"A centralized multiprocessor-based control to optimize performance in vehicles","authors":"S. Vishnubhotla, S. Mahmud","doi":"10.1109/AAE.1988.47594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AAE.1988.47594","url":null,"abstract":"Multiprocessor-based real-time control is discussed. A multiprocessor architecture is presented for the dynamic control of various engine, body, ride, and safety parameters. This architecture is extended to complex vehicles. Control of static body parameters is implemented by using a single-bit serial bus. Dynamic parameters such as the fuel/air mixture and spark timing are controlled by monitoring the sensor readings and executing control routines. The concept of diagnostics is emphasized both for static and dynamic parameters. The diagnostic status of various units is stored in memory. This can be used by the mechanic during repair.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":125786,"journal":{"name":"1988., IEEE Workshop on Automotive Applications of Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126486504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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