Pub Date : 2008-03-28DOI: 10.1002/9780470294727.CH7
R. Beerkens, J. V. Limpt
A method for a comparison of data on the specific energy consumption of a large set of glass melting furnaces is presented. This benchmarking of the energy efficiency levels takes the effect of the cullet fraction in the batch into account. The investigated energy consumption data, including electric boosting and oxygen consumption, are normalized to the primary energy equivalent (primary energy consumption of electricity and oxygen generation). A ranking of the energy efficiency of about 130 container glass furnaces has been derived. The difference in the specific energy consumption of the most energy efficient container glass furnaces and the furnace ranking the position 50% is only about 20 to 25%. The effect of furnace age, specific pull, total pull rate, type of furnace, cullet fraction and glass colour on energy consumption levels of container glass furnaces has been derived from a set of energy consumption data of more than 130 furnaces. From these data, the most energy efficient container glass furnace has been identified and a typical energy balance for such a furnace is given. Based on primary energy equivalent and 50 % cullet in the glass forming batch, the most energy efficient container glass furnaces show energy consumption levels close to 3.8 MJ/kg of molten glass. Results of a benchmarking analysis of the specific energy consumption of float glass furnaces are also presented. The energy consumption levels of these furnaces depend strongly on the size of the furnace, pull rate and furnace age, correlations for these factors have been derived.
{"title":"Energy efficiency benchmarking of glass furnaces","authors":"R. Beerkens, J. V. Limpt","doi":"10.1002/9780470294727.CH7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470294727.CH7","url":null,"abstract":"A method for a comparison of data on the specific energy consumption of a large set of glass melting furnaces is presented. This benchmarking of the energy efficiency levels takes the effect of the cullet fraction in the batch into account. The investigated energy consumption data, including electric boosting and oxygen consumption, are normalized to the primary energy equivalent (primary energy consumption of electricity and oxygen generation). A ranking of the energy efficiency of about 130 container glass furnaces has been derived. The difference in the specific energy consumption of the most energy efficient container glass furnaces and the furnace ranking the position 50% is only about 20 to 25%. The effect of furnace age, specific pull, total pull rate, type of furnace, cullet fraction and glass colour on energy consumption levels of container glass furnaces has been derived from a set of energy consumption data of more than 130 furnaces. From these data, the most energy efficient container glass furnace has been identified and a typical energy balance for such a furnace is given. Based on primary energy equivalent and 50 % cullet in the glass forming batch, the most energy efficient container glass furnaces show energy consumption levels close to 3.8 MJ/kg of molten glass. Results of a benchmarking analysis of the specific energy consumption of float glass furnaces are also presented. The energy consumption levels of these furnaces depend strongly on the size of the furnace, pull rate and furnace age, correlations for these factors have been derived.","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74584078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6701(03)92046-7
A. Gorokhovsky, J. I. Escalante-García, J. Méndez‐Nonell, V. Gorokhovsky, D. Mescheryakov
{"title":"Foamed glass-ceramic materials based on oil shale by-products","authors":"A. Gorokhovsky, J. I. Escalante-García, J. Méndez‐Nonell, V. Gorokhovsky, D. Mescheryakov","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6701(03)92046-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(03)92046-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"259-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87987766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An amino-epoxy-silane based coating system (GAMAL) for glass surfaces was developed, which can efficiently protect bottles from the damages of a bottling plant. Testing bottles with a ramp pressure tester show an identical value of about (40±4) bar for conventionally hot- and cold-end coated bottles and bottles coated with the developed organic-inorganic composite (GAMAL) system. After already 2 min of wet line-simulation testing, all species of a conventionally coated probe fall short of the critical limit of 16 bar, whereas bottles coated with GAMAL (thickness about 7 μm) show a value of (21±3) bar. Coating is possible by dip and spray application on cold or hot (80°C) substrates, the coating is cured at 120°C for 5 to 10 min. Additional functions such as colour or UV protection can be added easily, without reduction of the protection potential. The low content of carbon (about 0.5 g per 1l soft drink bottle) should not disturb the recycling process of such coated bottles.
{"title":"Development of organic-inorganic coatings for strength-preserving of glass bottles","authors":"D. Anschütz, A. Gier, M. Mennig, H. Schmidt","doi":"10.22028/D291-24689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22028/D291-24689","url":null,"abstract":"An amino-epoxy-silane based coating system (GAMAL) for glass surfaces was developed, which can efficiently protect bottles from the damages of a bottling plant. Testing bottles with a ramp pressure tester show an identical value of about (40±4) bar for conventionally hot- and cold-end coated bottles and bottles coated with the developed organic-inorganic composite (GAMAL) system. After already 2 min of wet line-simulation testing, all species of a conventionally coated probe fall short of the critical limit of 16 bar, whereas bottles coated with GAMAL (thickness about 7 μm) show a value of (21±3) bar. Coating is possible by dip and spray application on cold or hot (80°C) substrates, the coating is cured at 120°C for 5 to 10 min. Additional functions such as colour or UV protection can be added easily, without reduction of the protection potential. The low content of carbon (about 0.5 g per 1l soft drink bottle) should not disturb the recycling process of such coated bottles.","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84013919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6701(01)80621-4
N. Bagdassarov, F. Ritter, Y. Yanev
{"title":"Kinetics of perlite glasses degassing : TG and DSC analysis","authors":"N. Bagdassarov, F. Ritter, Y. Yanev","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6701(01)80621-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(01)80621-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84545244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-01-01DOI: 10.1016/0140-6701(95)80729-2
A. Karamanov, I. Gutzow, I. Chomakov, J. Christov, L. Kostov
{"title":"Synthesis of wall-covering glass-ceramics from waste raw materials","authors":"A. Karamanov, I. Gutzow, I. Chomakov, J. Christov, L. Kostov","doi":"10.1016/0140-6701(95)80729-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(95)80729-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-706707-0.50007-4
D. Uhlmann, N. Kreidl
{"title":"Preface: Contemporary Concepts in Structure","authors":"D. Uhlmann, N. Kreidl","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-706707-0.50007-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-706707-0.50007-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12651,"journal":{"name":"Glass science and technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80060515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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