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Cognitive Enhancement and Neuroprotective Abilities of Plants 植物的认知增强和神经保护能力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch007
K. Mustafa, J. Kanwal, Samia Khakwani, Sara Musaddiq
Extensive research suggests that a number of plant-derived chemicals and traditional Oriental herbal remedies possess cognition-enhancing properties. Widely used current treatments for dementia include extracts of Ginkgo biloba and several alkaloidal, and therefore toxic, plant-derived cholinergic agents. Several non-toxic, European herbal species have pan-cultural traditions as treatments for cognitive deficits, including those associated with aging. Acute administration has also been found to reliably improve mnemonic performance in healthy young and elderly cohorts, whilst a chronic regime has been shown to attenuate cognitive declines in sufferers from Alzheimer's disease. The present chapter looks at the ethnobotanical and pharmacological importance of various plants cognitive enhancing and other neuroprotective abilities.
广泛的研究表明,许多植物衍生的化学物质和传统的东方草药具有增强认知的特性。目前广泛使用的治疗痴呆症的方法包括银杏叶提取物和几种生物碱,因此是有毒的,植物衍生的胆碱能药物。几种无毒的欧洲草本植物具有治疗认知缺陷的泛文化传统,包括与衰老有关的认知缺陷。研究还发现,在健康的年轻人和老年人群体中,急性用药可以可靠地提高记忆能力,而慢性用药可以减轻阿尔茨海默病患者的认知能力下降。本章着眼于民族植物学和药理学的重要性,各种植物的认知增强和其他神经保护能力。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Importance and Application of Boswellic Acid From the Plant Boswellia serrata 植物乳香酸的治疗意义及应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch016
R. Satpathy
Traditionally, the gum resin produced from the Boswellia serrata plant has been used in as a therapeutical compound. The gum that contains a chemical known as boswellic acid, AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11 keto-β-boswellic acid), and widely in ayurvedic medicines. This is used to treat the disease like reduction in various inflammatory conditions of the skin, eye, as well as respiratory disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, and laryngitis. The boswellic acids were also found capable to inhibit both hemolysis and chemotaxis of leukocytes and were shown to work by inhibiting C3-convertase, a key enzyme of the classical complementary pathway. In addition to this, the compound shows beneficial effects in various pharmacological properties like immunomodulation activity, polyarthritis, activity against Hepatitis C-virus and other harmful microbes, Colitis and Crohn's disease, and so on. The boswellic acid is also used to treat patients with memory disorders. In this chapter, the chemical nature and isolation of boswellic acid and its therapeutic importance have been highlighted.
传统上,从博斯韦利亚植物生产的树胶树脂已被用作治疗化合物。这种口香糖含有一种被称为乳香酸的化学物质,AKBA (3- o-乙酰-11酮-β-乳香酸),广泛用于印度草药。这是用来治疗疾病,如减少各种炎症条件的皮肤,眼睛,以及呼吸系统疾病,如哮喘,支气管炎,喉炎。乳香酸还被发现能够抑制白细胞的溶血和趋化性,并通过抑制c3转化酶起作用,c3转化酶是经典互补途径的关键酶。除此之外,该化合物还显示出多种药理特性的有益作用,如免疫调节活性、多关节炎、抗丙型肝炎病毒和其他有害微生物、结肠炎和克罗恩病等。乳香酸也用于治疗记忆障碍患者。在本章中,重点介绍了乳香酸的化学性质、分离及其治疗意义。
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引用次数: 1
Traditional Herbs With Potential Wound Healing Properties 具有潜在伤口愈合特性的传统草药
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch009
N. Babu, Ajeet Singh, Navneet
Medicinal plants have been necessary to conventional and non-customary types of prescriptions dating back to somewhere around 5000 years ago. Researchers progressively depend on current logical techniques and proof-based medication to demonstrate the viability of herbal medicines and spotlight on a better comprehension of the systems of their activity. Notwithstanding, data concerning quantitative human health advantages on natural remedies is yet uncommon, constraining their legitimate valuation. Traditional medicines are regularly utilized for the wound-healing process covering a wide zone of various skin-related infections. This chapter will give information about the wound-healing capability of plants that are useful for the advancement of new wound-healing formulations.
药用植物对常规和非常规处方都是必要的,这可以追溯到大约5000年前。研究人员逐渐依靠当前的逻辑技术和基于证据的药物来证明草药的可行性,并将重点放在更好地理解其活性系统上。尽管如此,关于自然疗法对人类健康有益的量化数据仍然不多见,限制了它们的合法估值。传统药物通常用于伤口愈合过程,涵盖各种皮肤相关感染的广泛区域。本章将提供有关植物创面愈合能力的信息,这些信息有助于开发新的创面愈合配方。
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引用次数: 0
Antidiabetic Activity (Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity, Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity)/Agents From Medicinal Plants 抗糖尿病活性(抗高血糖活性,抗高脂血症活性)/药用植物制剂
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch002
Manish Singh Sansi, Daraksha Iram, K. Narayan, Sandeep Kumar, O. Prakash, D. Misra
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased insulin secretion by the organ. Insulin deficiency causes the DM. Synthetic drugs are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, but they have some side effects. The antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipedemic effects of the plants are related to their ability to maintain pancreatic function. Medicinal plants constituents such as glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids mitigate DM. B. ciliata inhibits the α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Cinnamon extracts improve insulin receptor function by activating insulin receptor kinase and inhibiting insulin receptor phosphatase, which lead to an increase in insulin sensitivity. Morinda lucida also had the highest antioxidant activity, and it also inhibited the α-glucosidase. Many plants have also been shown to antihyperlipedemic effects. Finally, it can be concluded that medicinal plants have that ability to treat or prevent DM.
糖尿病(DM)是一种由遗传或获得性胰岛素分泌不足和器官胰岛素分泌减少引起的慢性疾病。胰岛素缺乏引起糖尿病,合成药物被广泛用于治疗糖尿病,但它们有一些副作用。植物的降糖和降脂作用与其维持胰腺功能的能力有关。药用植物成分如糖苷类、生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类等对DM有抑制作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶有抑制作用。肉桂提取物通过激活胰岛素受体激酶和抑制胰岛素受体磷酸酶来改善胰岛素受体功能,从而导致胰岛素敏感性增加。此外,桑葚的抗氧化活性最高,对α-葡萄糖苷酶也有抑制作用。许多植物也显示出抗高脂血症的作用。最后,可以得出结论,药用植物具有治疗或预防糖尿病的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacological Properties of Curcumin 姜黄素的药理性质
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch012
Anuradha Singh
Curcumin, the polyphenol natural product, is a constituent of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated that this polyphenol displays potent pharmacological effects by targeting many critical cellular factors through a diverse array of mechanisms of action. However, there are some obstacles that prevent this wonder molecule to be effective in clinical settings and limit its use to topical applications only. Curcumin has recently been classified as both PAINS (panassay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. Due to likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted unsuccessful clinical trial of curcumin against several disease. The chapter will review the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin as well as envisage a compilation and discussion on the poor bioavailability of curcumin.
姜黄素是一种多酚天然产物,是传统药物姜黄的一种成分。近50年来的广泛研究表明,这种多酚通过多种作用机制靶向许多关键细胞因子,显示出强大的药理作用。然而,有一些障碍阻止这种神奇的分子在临床环境中有效,并限制其仅用于局部应用。姜黄素最近被归类为panassay interference compounds (PAINS)和IMPS (invalid metabolic panacea)候选者。由于姜黄素在体外和体内可能存在假活性,导致姜黄素治疗多种疾病的临床试验不成功。本章将回顾姜黄素的基本药物化学,并设想姜黄素生物利用度差的汇编和讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Importance of the Herbal Plants With Anti-Hair Fall and Hair Growth Activities 具有抗毛发脱落和毛发生长活性的草本植物的民族植物学和药理学意义
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch003
K. Mustafa, J. Kanwal, Sara Musaddiq, Samia Khakwani
The primary aim of this study is to access the salient herbal plants with the active constituent of potentially anti-hair fall activities. It also presents the various reasons behind hair loss ailments. As part of this study, a focus is placed on active phytochemicals within these medicinal plants or natural products in terms of various hair fall disease treatments. As natural products have a beneficial effect to minimize hair loss and have promoted the potential for new hair growth, it presents the medicinal values of natural plants in reference to safety and effectiveness for health.
本研究的主要目的是获得具有潜在抗脱发活性成分的显著草本植物。它还提出了脱发疾病背后的各种原因。作为本研究的一部分,重点放在这些药用植物或天然产品中的活性植物化学物质上,以治疗各种脱发疾病。由于天然产品具有减少脱发和促进新头发生长的有益作用,因此它在安全性和有效性方面体现了天然植物的药用价值。
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引用次数: 1
Medicinal Plants 药用植物
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch004
A. Bhat, H. Sharma
Medicines of plant origin have been used for treating humans and animals without any adverse effects. New medicinal plants are searched to develop more effective and cheaper drugs in place of synthetics drugs. Plants represent a large natural source of compounds that might serve for the development of novel drugs. Currently medicinal herbs are researched for diuretic properties, and several medicinal herbs are used as diuretics. Currently various synthetic medicines are available for this purpose; however, natural resource medicines are still an important choice because of their higher efficiency and better safety. Further, some herbs are also important sources of antioxidants, which protect the body from the effects of free radicals produced in the body. Antioxidants are required by our body due to increase in the likely exposure of the body to harmful pollutants, radiation, UV lights, etc. These have the ability to delay the oxidation, and plant-derived products are of great interest due to the adverse effect of antibiotics.
植物来源的药物已被用于治疗人类和动物而没有任何副作用。寻找新的药用植物来开发更有效和更便宜的药物来代替合成药物。植物是可能用于新药开发的化合物的大量天然来源。目前,人们对中草药的利尿作用进行了研究,有几种中草药被用作利尿剂。目前有各种合成药物可用于此目的;然而,天然资源药物由于其更高的效率和更好的安全性,仍然是一个重要的选择。此外,一些草药也是抗氧化剂的重要来源,可以保护身体免受体内产生的自由基的影响。我们的身体需要抗氧化剂,因为身体接触有害污染物、辐射、紫外线等的可能性增加。这些具有延缓氧化的能力,由于抗生素的不利影响,植物衍生产品引起了极大的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidative Agents From Medicinal Plants 药用植物中的抗氧化剂
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch013
Sandeep Kumar, A. Hussain, Manish Singh Sansi, Daraksha Iram, Priyanka, A. Vats
The medicinal plants have been used by humans since ancient times, and the great civilizations of the world in ancient times were well aware of the benefits brought by the use of medicinal plants. This chapter provides important information regarding medicinal plants that have a wide variety of antioxidative agents ranging from bitter compounds that stimulate digestion system, phenolic compounds for antioxidant and numerous other pharmacological properties, antibacterial, and antifungal to tannins that act as natural antibiotics, diuretic substances, alkaloids, and so forth.
药用植物自古以来就为人类所利用,古时世界上各大文明都深知利用药用植物所带来的好处。本章提供了关于药用植物的重要信息,这些药用植物具有各种各样的抗氧化剂,从刺激消化系统的苦味化合物,抗氧化剂的酚类化合物和许多其他药理特性,抗菌和抗真菌到作为天然抗生素的单宁,利尿剂物质,生物碱等。
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引用次数: 1
Therapeutic Properties of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) Against Various Lethal Diseases 对多种致命性疾病的治疗作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch017
A. Gautam
Phytochemicals have recently been studied in vivo for their unmatched interactions in curing lethal diseases that can't be cured by allopathic medical intervention without any adverse effect on the patient health. These methods were being used in ancient India, where Jamun and Giloy have been used to decrease hormonal imbalance and pathological disorders. Signaling pathways of the active components of Tinospora cordifolia thus enable effective disease targeting. With so much to offer to the scientific world of medicine, the plant Tinospora truly acts as an incredible source as it deals with seasonal fever like Dengue, Malaria, Chickengunia, and anticancer and anti-HIV (research undergoing). Whereas the Syzygium cumini (Jamun) fruit and seed hold worth in treating various diet-related malfunctions, especially hyperglycemia. In the current research, Jamun seed and fruit extracts have been proved effective in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin parameters.
近年来,植物化学物质在治疗对抗疗法无法治愈的致命疾病方面具有无与伦比的相互作用,而且对患者健康没有任何不利影响。这些方法在古印度被使用,Jamun和Giloy被用来减少荷尔蒙失衡和病理失调。因此,cordifolia Tinospora活性成分的信号通路能够实现有效的疾病靶向。Tinospora植物为医学界提供了如此多的药物,它确实是一种令人难以置信的来源,因为它可以治疗季节性发烧,如登革热、疟疾、鸡链球菌,以及抗癌和抗艾滋病毒(研究正在进行中)。而西洋参(Jamun)的果实和种子在治疗各种与饮食有关的疾病,特别是高血糖症方面具有价值。在目前的研究中,Jamun种子和果实提取物已被证明对血糖和胰岛素参数有有效的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance 抗疟疾药物耐药性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch008
M. Dwivedi, P. Singh
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The global burden is estimated to be around 219 million cases in 87 countries. Natural compounds have been used primarily in the traditional medicine for thousands of years. For the treatment of malaria, natural products were used until the development of synthetic drugs, and most of the currently available anti-malarial drugs have been derived based on the compounds from these traditional medicinal plants. The current chapter tries to briefly indicate the emerging resistance against anti-malarial drugs and to discuss the recent research on natural products that have been evaluated for anti-malarial activity. Rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines is required along with identification of active constituents in order to develop new drugs with novel mechanisms of action.
疟疾是一种由疟原虫属原生动物寄生虫引起的威胁生命的传染病。它通过受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬传播。据估计,87个国家的全球负担约为2.19亿例。几千年来,天然化合物主要用于传统医学。在开发合成药物之前,治疗疟疾一直使用天然产物,目前大多数可用的抗疟疾药物都是基于这些传统药用植物的化合物衍生的。本章试图简要说明抗疟疾药物的新耐药性,并讨论最近对天然产物的研究,这些天然产物已被评估为抗疟疾活性。为了开发具有新的作用机制的新药,需要对传统药物的疗效和安全性进行严格的评价,同时确定有效成分。
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引用次数: 0
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Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products
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