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The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Competition最新文献

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Loss of Face 丢面子
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.20
S. Dodds
Although hip-hop battles produce “winners,” these competitions also produce “losers” who fail to make it through to the next round or win the overall contest. This chapter argues that the face plays a significant role both in strategizing toward victory and in revealing loss. The research arises from an ethnographic study of hip-hop dancers in the Philadelphia area, and examines the deployment of the face as a choreographic tool in the dance battle. Within these contests, dancers utilize the face to provoke embodied modes of intimidation and derision to support their desire to win; however, they also conceive the face as a legible marker of weakness and loss. The chapter draws upon hip-hop and sports scholarship to explore how dancers negotiate the competition paradigm and concludes that a “loss of face” becomes an essential component of battle knowledge.
虽然嘻哈比赛产生了“赢家”,但这些比赛也产生了“输家”,他们无法进入下一轮或赢得总比赛。这一章认为,脸在制定胜利战略和揭示失败方面都起着重要作用。这项研究源于对费城地区嘻哈舞者的人种学研究,并考察了在舞蹈战斗中面部作为编舞工具的部署。在这些比赛中,舞者利用面部来激发恐吓和嘲笑的具体化模式,以支持他们获胜的愿望;然而,他们也认为脸是软弱和失落的清晰标志。本章借鉴嘻哈和体育学术,探讨舞者如何谈判竞争范式,并得出结论,“失去面子”成为战斗知识的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 5
Not Another Don Quixote! 不是另一个堂吉诃德!
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.18
Rowan McLelland
This chapter discusses international ballet competitions through exploring their contributions to ballet as a transnational practice. It provides an ethnographic account, specifically focused on the multilayered significance of competing for aspiring dancers in the People’s Republic of China, in addition to assessing the role of competitions in the broader institution of ballet in China. The chapter investigates the value found in engaging with ballet competitions in terms of physical, social, economic, and political capital. It explores how value operates differently for individual competitors, dance teachers, training institutions, and even nations, both within China and in the rest of the world, to indicate the significance of competitions as a contributing factor to China’s increasing status in ballet more widely.
本章通过探讨国际芭蕾舞比赛对跨国芭蕾舞的贡献来讨论国际芭蕾舞比赛。它提供了一个民族志的描述,特别关注在中华人民共和国竞争有抱负的舞者的多层意义,除了评估比赛在中国更广泛的芭蕾舞机构中的作用。本章调查了在身体、社会、经济和政治资本方面参与芭蕾舞比赛所发现的价值。它探讨了在中国和世界其他地方,价值是如何在个体竞争者、舞蹈教师、培训机构甚至国家中不同地运作的,以表明比赛作为促进中国在更广泛的芭蕾舞中地位提高的因素的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Competitive Capers 有竞争力的酸豆
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190639082.013.3
E. Winerock
Whereas much of the dancing of the early modern period emphasized the cohesion or “harmoniousness” of the group, competitive dancing allowed participants to distinguish themselves as individuals. In formal, staged competitions and in informal dance-offs, dancing highlighted individuals’ grace and skill. In addition, masterful dancing implied excellence more broadly: for men, impressive athletic displays on the dance floor also suggested virility and sexual prowess. This chapter examines two groups of complementary sources for early modern competitive dancing: didactic manuals that provide detailed instructions for dances like the galliard and games like “Kick the Tassel,” and literary works that stage or describe competitive dancing, with particular attention to Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, and Philip Massinger’s The Old Law, William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, William Kemp’s Nine Daies Wonder, and an anonymous song from the “Blundell Family Hodgepodge Book.”
现代早期的大部分舞蹈都强调群体的凝聚力或“和谐”,而竞技舞蹈则允许参与者将自己区分为个体。在正式的舞台比赛和非正式的舞蹈比赛中,舞蹈突出了个人的优雅和技巧。此外,精通舞蹈意味着更广泛的优秀:对于男性来说,在舞池中令人印象深刻的运动表演也表明了男子气概和性能力。本章考察了早期现代竞技舞蹈的两组互补来源:教学手册提供了详细的舞蹈指导,如跳绳和游戏,如“踢流苏”,和文学作品的舞台或描述竞争性舞蹈,特别关注托马斯米德尔顿,威廉罗利和菲利普马辛格的旧法,威廉莎士比亚的第十二夜,威廉肯普的九天的神奇,和一个无名歌曲从“布伦德尔家庭大杂烩书”。
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引用次数: 0
Dancing like a Man 像男人一样跳舞
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.25
Rachel Carrico
This chapter considers competition in second lining, an African American vernacular dance form that has accompanied brass band processions through New Orleans’s city streets since the late nineteenth century. It takes formal second line dance competitions as an entry point to examine the often tacit gendered biases that frame second lining’s social practice and reception. Women competitors surmise that, in order to win, they must “dance like a man.” And yet, such gendered discourses cannot fully account for the tactics employed by young women today. Featuring an ethnographic account of the First Annual Big Easy Footwork Competition, the author suggests two feminist frameworks for understanding female footwork artists’ dancing: the influence of double-dutch jump rope, and a theoretical framework that Imani Kai Johnson (2014) calls “badass femininity.” With each step, female footwork artists move within and beyond a gendered terrain in which dancing well means dancing like a man.
这一章讨论了second lining的竞争,这是一种非裔美国人的本土舞蹈形式,自19世纪末以来,它一直伴随着铜管乐队的游行穿过新奥尔良的城市街道。它以正式的二线舞蹈比赛为切入点,审视了构成二线社会实践和接受的往往是隐性的性别偏见。女选手们猜测,为了获胜,她们必须“像男人一样跳舞”。然而,这样的性别话语并不能完全解释当今年轻女性所采用的策略。通过对第一届Big Easy步法大赛的民族志描述,作者提出了两个女权主义框架来理解女性步法艺术家的舞蹈:双荷兰跳绳的影响,以及Imani Kai Johnson(2014)称之为“badass femininity”的理论框架。每走一步,女性步法艺术家都在一个性别领域内外移动,在这个领域里,跳得好意味着像男人一样跳舞。
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引用次数: 0
Miss Exotic World 奇异世界小姐
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190639082.013.14
Kaitlyn Regehr
Neo-burlesque has been praised by dance scholarship as a body positive, feminist, safe space that has celebrated difference and argued for a broader spectrum of beauty, gender representation, and orientation. Since the inception of the movement, performers have made the pilgrimage to the Burlesque Hall of Fame pageant, and now claim titles such as Best Troupe, the King of Boylesque, and Miss Exotic World. Utilizing an ethnographic methodology, by way of participant observation and interview data, this chapter examines the author’s experience of serving as a judge at this pageant. It analyzes performers’ efforts to “authentically” recreate this mid-twentieth-century form of exotic dance and argues that such attempts can perpetuate historic prejudices with regard to body size, sexual orientation, and race. Additionally, it suggests that the process of competition often normalizes and regulates this inclusive performance practice, and is fundamentally at odds with the supposed philosophies of the neo-burlesque community.
新滑剧被舞蹈学界称赞为一种身体积极、女权主义、安全的空间,它颂扬差异,主张更广泛的美、性别代表和取向。自该运动开始以来,表演者们纷纷前往滑稽剧名人堂游行,现在他们获得了“最佳剧团”、“滑稽剧之王”和“异国世界小姐”等称号。利用民族志方法论,通过参与观察和访谈数据,本章考察了作者在这次选美比赛中担任评委的经历。它分析了表演者为“真实地”再现这种20世纪中期的异族舞蹈所做的努力,并认为这种尝试会使有关体型、性取向和种族的历史偏见永续下去。此外,它还表明,竞争过程往往使这种包容性的表演实践正常化和规范,并且从根本上与新滑稽戏社区的所谓哲学不一致。
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引用次数: 0
“We’ll Rumble ’em Right” "我们会好好教训他们"
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.24
Ying Zhu, D. Belgrad
In cultural studies, attention to dance enables a reassessment of the politics of cultural forms, based on a recovery of the embodied subject as the center of meaning-making. Revisited in this light, the film West Side Story is revealed as a cultural defense of youth and play. While the adults in the film work persistently to force the Jets and Sharks into one of two binary categories (serious and mature adults, or innocent and victimized children), the youths make common cause in resisting these categories, through forms of competitive play that sprawl from the playground into the streets, beyond children’s games to the taunting and flaunting and brawling that adult discourses labeled “juvenile delinquency.” Examining three dances, the chapter argues that in West Side Story, as long as conflict is structured as a competition, it remains a cooperative and ordered enterprise. But when competition is disrupted, social frustrations erupt into fatal violence.
在文化研究中,对舞蹈的关注使得对文化形式政治的重新评估成为可能,其基础是体现主体作为意义创造中心的恢复。从这个角度来看,电影《西区故事》是对青春和戏剧的文化辩护。虽然电影中的成年人坚持不懈地将喷气式飞机和鲨鱼分成两类(严肃而成熟的成年人,或无辜而受害的儿童),但年轻人共同抵制这些类别,通过从操场蔓延到街道的竞争游戏形式,超越儿童游戏,嘲弄,炫耀和争吵,成人话语称为“青少年犯罪”。通过对三支舞蹈的考察,本章认为,在《西区故事》中,只要冲突的结构是一种竞争,它就仍然是一种合作和有序的企业。但当竞争被破坏时,社会挫折感就会爆发成致命的暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Rapper Dance Adjudication 说唱歌手舞蹈评审
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190639082.013.15
Jeremy E. Carter-Gordon
This chapter examines the perspective of sword dance judges at the Dancing England Rapper Tournament. Using a form of video-assisted interview, strategies and patterns of adjudication and aesthetic evaluation are revealed as constituting different fundamental understandings of dance, shared by groups of judges and related to cultural and dance backgrounds. The content and timing of judges’ comments about rapper dances are charted, creating “temporal-aesthetic maps” that are used to reveal underlying cultural conceptions of the performance by comparing “aesthetically dense” moments with unmarked periods of time. This methodology allows the act of adjudication to be divided into four separate processes: expectation-setting, perception, interpretation, and decision-making, by which judges transform an ephemeral, aesthetic experience into scores for competitors.
本章考察了英格兰说唱歌手大赛剑舞评委的观点。通过一种视频辅助访谈的形式,裁判和审美评价的策略和模式被揭示为构成对舞蹈的不同基本理解,由评委群体共享,并与文化和舞蹈背景相关。评委对说唱歌手舞蹈的评论内容和时间被绘制成图表,形成“时间美学地图”,通过比较“美学密集”的时刻和未标记的时间段,用来揭示表演的潜在文化概念。这种方法允许将裁判行为分为四个独立的过程:期望设定、感知、解释和决策,通过这些过程,裁判将短暂的审美体验转化为参赛者的分数。
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引用次数: 0
Freedom to Compete 竞争的自由
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.23
Meghan Quinlan
Gaga, the movement language developed by Israeli choreographer Ohad Naharin, is advertised as “an experience of freedom and pleasure” in which students are encouraged to move at their own pace and not compare themselves to others, yet there are several aspects of the intensives that fall in line with contemporary neoliberal ideals of individualism and competition, such as the rehearsal of choreography and the presence of the creator of Gaga. This chapter explores the contradictions at Gaga dance intensives between the practice’s philosophical imperative to focus on the self and pleasure, and the desire of many dancers to impress the teachers and gain professional contacts or jobs. The chapter argues that the idyllic philosophies of Gaga are unable to neatly exist in the competitive socioeconomic climate of the contemporary concert dance world, urging a rethinking of how dancers participate in both corporeal and corporate economies.
Gaga是以色列编舞家奥哈德·纳哈林(Ohad Naharin)开发的动作语言,被宣传为“一种自由和快乐的体验”,在这种体验中,学生们被鼓励按照自己的节奏移动,而不是把自己与他人比较,然而,其中有几个方面的强度符合当代个人主义和竞争的新自由主义理想,比如编舞的排练和Gaga的创造者的出现。这一章探讨了Gaga舞蹈的矛盾,这种矛盾集中在实践中注重自我和快乐的哲学要求与许多舞者希望给老师留下深刻印象并获得专业联系或工作的愿望之间。这一章认为,Gaga的田园诗般的哲学无法在当代音乐会舞蹈世界竞争激烈的社会经济环境中巧妙地存在,敦促人们重新思考舞者如何参与物质和企业经济。
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引用次数: 0
Why Are Breaking Battles Judged? 为什么打破战斗会被评判?
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.17
Mary Fogarty
This chapter considers the competitive form of hip-hop dance in terms of aesthetic judgments and the social structure of taste. It discusses how breaking battles are judged, particularly in relation to the rise of international breaking competitions in a global context. The competitive aesthetic of hip-hop dance is explored via interviews with dancers, judges, and promoters at a number of high-profile international events. The chapter considers the complex interactions of tastes, reputations, organizations, and economics that structure the judging process. Finally, the place of competition within art forms is considered, as well as the ways in which such competition can shape an art form’s development.
本章从审美判断和品味的社会结构的角度来考虑街舞的竞争形式。它讨论了如何判断破局战,特别是在全球背景下国际破局比赛的兴起。嘻哈舞蹈的竞争美学是通过采访舞者,评委和发起人在一些备受瞩目的国际活动中探索。这一章考虑了品味、声誉、组织和经济等构成评判过程的复杂相互作用。最后,竞争在艺术形式中的位置被考虑,以及这种竞争可以塑造艺术形式的发展方式。
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引用次数: 1
Taking the Cake 吃蛋糕
Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190639082.013.1
Nadine George-Graves
The cakewalk represents one of the most important sites of competition in African-American dance history, as indicated in one of its original names, the prize walk. An examination of the cakewalk, along with tap, disco, and breaking, for example, reveals crucial insight into the development of race and class in the United States. Using primary and secondary historical sources, as well as critical race theory, this chapter analyzes the significance of competition in a number of salient cakewalk settings and argues that the political economy that develops around cakewalk competition alters our definitions of terms such as currency, value, and worth.
蛋糕步道代表了非裔美国人舞蹈历史上最重要的比赛场地之一,正如它最初的名字之一“奖品步道”所表明的那样。例如,对蛋糕步以及踢踏舞、迪斯科和霹雳舞的考察,揭示了对美国种族和阶级发展的重要见解。利用第一手和第二手的历史资料,以及批判的种族理论,本章分析了竞争在一些突出的蛋糕竞争环境中的意义,并认为围绕蛋糕竞争发展的政治经济学改变了我们对货币、价值和价值等术语的定义。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Competition
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