Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C005
B. Boutevin, F. Guida-Pietrasanta, A. Rousseau
{"title":"Les polymères siliciés","authors":"B. Boutevin, F. Guida-Pietrasanta, A. Rousseau","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132211870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-009
R. Pelton
Paper and paperboard products are routinely treated with fluorochemicals to limit the rate of penetration by oils, solvents and other hydrophobic materials. Common applications include pet food bags and fast food packaging. In most cases, only paper products based on chemical pulp fibres are treated. Fluorochemicals are not considered to be cost effective In papers based on mechanical pulps. A number of generalizations can be made about fluorochemical applications to chemical pulps and fine papers. Fluorochemical addition levels for a given level of solvent resistance increase with increased pulp refining, with increased filler content and with increased sizing. Refining and filler addition increases the specific surface area of the headbox furnish and thus the fluorochemical demand. Wet end size dispersions also increase the surface area of the furnish. In addition, sizing influences size press pickup for size press fluorochemical treatment. The objectives of this work were to understand why fluorochemicals, added to retard solvent or grease penetration, are more effective in wood-free papers than in mechanical pulp-based papers. Newsprint required about 10 times more fluorochemical than did Whatman # 42 filter paper to achieve solvent resistance. Based on results of kit tests, contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using both paper and regenerated cellulose films, it was concluded that about 40% of the added fluorochemicat demand of newsprint, compared with filter paper, was due to the higher specific surface area of newsprint. The remaining 60% was due to interference by solvent extractable material (i.e. pitch). The negative effects of pitch could be partially circumvented by using hydrophobically modified starch in conjunction with the fluorochemical.
{"title":"Factors influencing the treatment of paper with fluorochemical surfactants for grease-proof applications","authors":"R. Pelton","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-009","url":null,"abstract":"Paper and paperboard products are routinely treated with fluorochemicals to limit the rate of penetration by oils, solvents and other hydrophobic materials. Common applications include pet food bags and fast food packaging. In most cases, only paper products based on chemical pulp fibres are treated. Fluorochemicals are not considered to be cost effective In papers based on mechanical pulps. A number of generalizations can be made about fluorochemical applications to chemical pulps and fine papers. Fluorochemical addition levels for a given level of solvent resistance increase with increased pulp refining, with increased filler content and with increased sizing. Refining and filler addition increases the specific surface area of the headbox furnish and thus the fluorochemical demand. Wet end size dispersions also increase the surface area of the furnish. In addition, sizing influences size press pickup for size press fluorochemical treatment. The objectives of this work were to understand why fluorochemicals, added to retard solvent or grease penetration, are more effective in wood-free papers than in mechanical pulp-based papers. Newsprint required about 10 times more fluorochemical than did Whatman # 42 filter paper to achieve solvent resistance. Based on results of kit tests, contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using both paper and regenerated cellulose films, it was concluded that about 40% of the added fluorochemicat demand of newsprint, compared with filter paper, was due to the higher specific surface area of newsprint. The remaining 60% was due to interference by solvent extractable material (i.e. pitch). The negative effects of pitch could be partially circumvented by using hydrophobically modified starch in conjunction with the fluorochemical.","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index des sujets","authors":"S. Masmoudi, Abdelmajid Naceur","doi":"10.5840/wcp1719885331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/wcp1719885331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130429873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C020
B. Boutevin, B. Ameduri, F. Guida-Pietrasanta, A. Rousseau
{"title":"Activités dans la chimie du fluor au Laboratoire de Chimie Macromoléculaire-UMR-CNRS-5076","authors":"B. Boutevin, B. Ameduri, F. Guida-Pietrasanta, A. Rousseau","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116332071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C016
F. Pataut, Claude Dubief
{"title":"Les silicones dans les produits de coiffage : silicones phénylées et formulation de produits de brillance","authors":"F. Pataut, Claude Dubief","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.C016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128730191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c007
Michel Feder
Des formulations silicones aqueuses et filmogenes ont ete developpees, a partir d'emulsions d'huiles de haute masse moleculaire preparees par polymerisation en emulsion ou par emulsification d'huile silicone visqueuse. Apres avoir identifie les parametres determinant la stabilite colloidale et chimique de ces systemes, les principaux phenomenes lies au sechage des emulsions filmogenes sont decrits. La coalescence des gouttelettes conduit a un ralentissement de la vitesse d'evaporation de l'eau qui doit traverser une phase silicone percolee. Apres l'etape d'inversion de phases les constituants hydrophiles deshydrates de la composition (tensioactif, charges, additifs, ...) forment des particules diffusantes responsables de l'opacite du film. En accord avec la loi de Lambert-Beer le niveau de transparence obtenu depend de la concentration en particules hydrophiles, de leur taille, et de leur difference d'indice de refraction avec celui de la phase silicone. Des films elastiques, transparents et a bonne tenue a l'eau peuvent etre obtenus. En combinant coalescence et reticulation chimique, il est possible de realiser des materiaux cellulaires de porosite moyenne variant entre 1 et 10 μm.
{"title":"Emulsions silicones filmogenes","authors":"Michel Feder","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c007","url":null,"abstract":"Des formulations silicones aqueuses et filmogenes ont ete developpees, a partir d'emulsions d'huiles de haute masse moleculaire preparees par polymerisation en emulsion ou par emulsification d'huile silicone visqueuse. Apres avoir identifie les parametres determinant la stabilite colloidale et chimique de ces systemes, les principaux phenomenes lies au sechage des emulsions filmogenes sont decrits. La coalescence des gouttelettes conduit a un ralentissement de la vitesse d'evaporation de l'eau qui doit traverser une phase silicone percolee. Apres l'etape d'inversion de phases les constituants hydrophiles deshydrates de la composition (tensioactif, charges, additifs, ...) forment des particules diffusantes responsables de l'opacite du film. En accord avec la loi de Lambert-Beer le niveau de transparence obtenu depend de la concentration en particules hydrophiles, de leur taille, et de leur difference d'indice de refraction avec celui de la phase silicone. Des films elastiques, transparents et a bonne tenue a l'eau peuvent etre obtenus. En combinant coalescence et reticulation chimique, il est possible de realiser des materiaux cellulaires de porosite moyenne variant entre 1 et 10 μm.","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121873157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-017
J. Paquien, J. Galy, J. Gérard, A. Pouchelon, J. Pujol
L'incorporation de silice dans les elastomeres silicones permet d'ameliorer leurs proprietes mecaniques. Ces proprietes ne peuvent etre atteintes qu'en maitrisant la rheologie des suspensions initiales. L'analyse des comportements rheologiques de PDMS lineaires charges de silice pour differentes fractions volumiques et differents taux d'hydrophobisation par l'hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) a montre que la dependance du module de conservation G 0 ' avec la fraction volumique de silice obeit a une loi d'echelle et que celle-ci est moins accentuee lorsque la concentration en HMDZ augmente, c'est-a-dire lorsque les interactions PDMS-silice diminuent. Les structures des suspensions ont ensuite ete observees en microscopie electronique a transmission et correlees avec leurs comportements rheologiques.
在硅弹性体中加入二氧化硅可以提高其机械性能。这些特性只能通过控制初始悬浮液的流变性来实现。行为分析rheologiques PDMS的可预测性二氧化硅负载不同体积分数为各种按l’hexamethyldisilazane d’hydrophobisation HMDZ)和显示模块的依赖了养护与体积分数0 G '硅胶obeit 3.3先进优化法,并且是少了accentuee HMDZ浓度增加时,即当PDMS-silice相互作用就会下降。然后用透射电子显微镜观察悬浮液的结构，并将其与流变性行为联系起来。
{"title":"Contrôle de la rhéologie de PDMS linéaires chargés à la silice","authors":"J. Paquien, J. Galy, J. Gérard, A. Pouchelon, J. Pujol","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-017","url":null,"abstract":"L'incorporation de silice dans les elastomeres silicones permet d'ameliorer leurs proprietes mecaniques. Ces proprietes ne peuvent etre atteintes qu'en maitrisant la rheologie des suspensions initiales. L'analyse des comportements rheologiques de PDMS lineaires charges de silice pour differentes fractions volumiques et differents taux d'hydrophobisation par l'hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) a montre que la dependance du module de conservation G 0 ' avec la fraction volumique de silice obeit a une loi d'echelle et que celle-ci est moins accentuee lorsque la concentration en HMDZ augmente, c'est-a-dire lorsque les interactions PDMS-silice diminuent. Les structures des suspensions ont ensuite ete observees en microscopie electronique a transmission et correlees avec leurs comportements rheologiques.","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123687301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c001
{"title":"Préface","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-015
Muxin Liu, E. Pacard, A. Ragheb, Paul M. Zelisko, M. Brook
Silicones are highly hydrophobic entities, which can make the formulation of stable water emulsions challenging. Silicone oil and elastomer interfaces are also known to act as protein denaturants. Thus, formulation of sllicone/protein emulsions in which proteins are present as passive or active ingredients might be considered to be of questionable value. However, there are many reasons to consider the formation of such emulsions, including the ability to deliver proteins for industrial or medical applications. Silicone emulsions are already widely used in personal care applications, for example in hair and skin care, where protein/silicone contact will eventually arise. Reports exist of the spontaneous emulsification of silicone oils in contact with proteins, for example in the eye, following retinal repair. Little work, however, has been done on formulating silicone emulsions that contain proteins. Generally, anionic or non-ionic surfactants are used to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, respectively. Water-in-silicone oil emulsions containing proteins can readily be prepared using silicone surfactants that bear only a small number of hydrophilic groups. Two classes of silicone surfactants are presented: those such as commercial silicone-polyethylene oxide copolymers that cannot form a covalent bond between protein and silicone, and compounds like (EtO)3Si(CH 2 ) 3 O(Me2SiO)n(CH 2 ) 3 -Si(OEt) 3 , which can. The protein may be a passive participant in the emulsion, or may act as a vital constituent of the oil/water interface. The proteins in these emulsions lie at the oil/water interface regardless of whether they act as cosurfactants. At the interface, and unlike the situation with unstabilized silicone oil emulsions, the proteins have generally been shown using enzyme assays to be as natured as the controls that have not been exposed to silicones. Guidelines for formulating protein-containing water-in-silicone oil emulsions are discussed.
{"title":"Stabilisation of protein-containing water-in-oil emulsions","authors":"Muxin Liu, E. Pacard, A. Ragheb, Paul M. Zelisko, M. Brook","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1-015","url":null,"abstract":"Silicones are highly hydrophobic entities, which can make the formulation of stable water emulsions challenging. Silicone oil and elastomer interfaces are also known to act as protein denaturants. Thus, formulation of sllicone/protein emulsions in which proteins are present as passive or active ingredients might be considered to be of questionable value. However, there are many reasons to consider the formation of such emulsions, including the ability to deliver proteins for industrial or medical applications. Silicone emulsions are already widely used in personal care applications, for example in hair and skin care, where protein/silicone contact will eventually arise. Reports exist of the spontaneous emulsification of silicone oils in contact with proteins, for example in the eye, following retinal repair. Little work, however, has been done on formulating silicone emulsions that contain proteins. Generally, anionic or non-ionic surfactants are used to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, respectively. Water-in-silicone oil emulsions containing proteins can readily be prepared using silicone surfactants that bear only a small number of hydrophilic groups. Two classes of silicone surfactants are presented: those such as commercial silicone-polyethylene oxide copolymers that cannot form a covalent bond between protein and silicone, and compounds like (EtO)3Si(CH 2 ) 3 O(Me2SiO)n(CH 2 ) 3 -Si(OEt) 3 , which can. The protein may be a passive participant in the emulsion, or may act as a vital constituent of the oil/water interface. The proteins in these emulsions lie at the oil/water interface regardless of whether they act as cosurfactants. At the interface, and unlike the situation with unstabilized silicone oil emulsions, the proteins have generally been shown using enzyme assays to be as natured as the controls that have not been exposed to silicones. Guidelines for formulating protein-containing water-in-silicone oil emulsions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121337952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c014
Jean G. Rless
{"title":"Rôle des composés hautement fluorés dans la formulation de substituts du sang et dans celle d'agents de contraste pour le diagnostic par échographie","authors":"Jean G. Rless","doi":"10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0240-1.c014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126855,"journal":{"name":"Formulation des composés siliconés et fluorés","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123231223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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