Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.5744/florida/9780813066196.003.0007
Charles R. Cobb
The concluding chapter critically evaluates a received wisdom in the literature that pre-European contact polities collapsed from the impacts of colonialism. An argument is made for a more nuanced perspective on major cultural transformations and a closer interrogation of the implications of terms like collapse. As an alternative, this chapter forwards the thesis that, rather than a single collapse, Native American landscapes underwent a series of major alterations through the colonial era. These were linked to demographic decline and conflict; the emergence of the consumer revolution; the manipulation of debt by colonial and American governments; and the development of capitalism. As a concluding point, the author argues that Native American cultures successfully navigated these changes even as they were transformed by them.
{"title":"Apocalypse Now and Then?","authors":"Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.5744/florida/9780813066196.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066196.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The concluding chapter critically evaluates a received wisdom in the literature that pre-European contact polities collapsed from the impacts of colonialism. An argument is made for a more nuanced perspective on major cultural transformations and a closer interrogation of the implications of terms like collapse. As an alternative, this chapter forwards the thesis that, rather than a single collapse, Native American landscapes underwent a series of major alterations through the colonial era. These were linked to demographic decline and conflict; the emergence of the consumer revolution; the manipulation of debt by colonial and American governments; and the development of capitalism. As a concluding point, the author argues that Native American cultures successfully navigated these changes even as they were transformed by them.","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128734503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter takes on a long-term perspective on key trends in the historical ecology and political ecology of Native American landscapes during the colonial era. It examines how climate change may have impacted landscape adaptation both prior to and after the arrival of Europeans. There is a detailed overview of Native American plant and animal exploitation, and how subsistence patterns changed from the 1500s to the 1800s.The chapter also devotes considerable attention to the importance of the deerskin trade in Indigenous landscape economies, and the rise of enclosure and private farms following the American Revolution. These trends are explained in terms of transformations in ideological as well as materialist views of the landscape.
{"title":"Eruptions and Disruptions","authors":"Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes on a long-term perspective on key trends in the historical ecology and political ecology of Native American landscapes during the colonial era. It examines how climate change may have impacted landscape adaptation both prior to and after the arrival of Europeans. There is a detailed overview of Native American plant and animal exploitation, and how subsistence patterns changed from the 1500s to the 1800s.The chapter also devotes considerable attention to the importance of the deerskin trade in Indigenous landscape economies, and the rise of enclosure and private farms following the American Revolution. These trends are explained in terms of transformations in ideological as well as materialist views of the landscape.","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128626603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Figures","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115897492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter outlines how emplacement was an important complement to displacement as a Native American adaption to continuing incursions of colonial powers. As with displacement, several key strategies of emplacement, or socially producing place, are explored. These include coalescence and colonization. As the late 1600s and 1700s progressed, the ongoing patterns of displacement and emplacement lent the southeastern landscape an increasingly fractal quality. Towns themselves may have incorporated distinct enclaves of newcomers, while nominal culture regions could contain discrete settlements of migrants forced out of shatter zones. By the mid- to late 1700s, the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Catawbas, Creeks, and other surviving Native American communities of the Southeast were all multidimensional coalescent entities. In addition, the Franciscan mission system in the Spanish colony of La Florida is presented as a distinct trajectory of emplacement in the Southeast.
{"title":"Arrival and Emplacement","authors":"Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines how emplacement was an important complement to displacement as a Native American adaption to continuing incursions of colonial powers. As with displacement, several key strategies of emplacement, or socially producing place, are explored. These include coalescence and colonization. As the late 1600s and 1700s progressed, the ongoing patterns of displacement and emplacement lent the southeastern landscape an increasingly fractal quality. Towns themselves may have incorporated distinct enclaves of newcomers, while nominal culture regions could contain discrete settlements of migrants forced out of shatter zones. By the mid- to late 1700s, the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Catawbas, Creeks, and other surviving Native American communities of the Southeast were all multidimensional coalescent entities. In addition, the Franciscan mission system in the Spanish colony of La Florida is presented as a distinct trajectory of emplacement in the Southeast.","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"54 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter makes the case that displacement was one of the major responses by Native Americans to the encroachment of European powers. It first considers the nature of Native American movements in the Southeast during the centuries immediately prior to the arrival of the first Spaniards in Florida. Then, displacement is further broken down into several categories of population relocation: serial migration, diaspora, and flows to frontiers. Reasons for displacement vary greatly: destructive wars, depredations of slave trading, and incursions of colonial settlements undermined settlement stability to a historically unprecedented degree, while perceived opportunities provided yet another major stimulus for migration and relocation, as families and towns moved to locations advantageous for trade, travel, and communication. This examination of population movement opens social, environmental, and political discussions concerning the paths of Native American peoples in North America.
{"title":"Migration and Displacement","authors":"Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter makes the case that displacement was one of the major responses by Native Americans to the encroachment of European powers. It first considers the nature of Native American movements in the Southeast during the centuries immediately prior to the arrival of the first Spaniards in Florida. Then, displacement is further broken down into several categories of population relocation: serial migration, diaspora, and flows to frontiers. Reasons for displacement vary greatly: destructive wars, depredations of slave trading, and incursions of colonial settlements undermined settlement stability to a historically unprecedented degree, while perceived opportunities provided yet another major stimulus for migration and relocation, as families and towns moved to locations advantageous for trade, travel, and communication. This examination of population movement opens social, environmental, and political discussions concerning the paths of Native American peoples in North America.","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132820434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores Native American experiential views of the landscape. Two categories of culturally important ways of constructing landscape histories are put forth: first, persistent places, as regularly visited locations; and second, portable places, as ways of moving important elements of the built environment. Persistent places are locations on the landscape that embody long-term and variable histories of residence, visitation, commemoration, and memory. On the other hand, portable places have witnessed so many groups pushed or pulled out of their territories and often buffeted across the Southeast without much respite that many traditional aspects of the landscape may have been lost—if not from memory, at least from routine encounters. Lacking the familiar touchstones found in a stable topographic setting, portable places become entities that, regardless of place, manifest the essence of a people. The chapter closes with a discussion of the practical and ideological importance of different modes of travel.
{"title":"From Cussita to Bears Ears","authors":"Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Native American experiential views of the landscape. Two categories of culturally important ways of constructing landscape histories are put forth: first, persistent places, as regularly visited locations; and second, portable places, as ways of moving important elements of the built environment. Persistent places are locations on the landscape that embody long-term and variable histories of residence, visitation, commemoration, and memory. On the other hand, portable places have witnessed so many groups pushed or pulled out of their territories and often buffeted across the Southeast without much respite that many traditional aspects of the landscape may have been lost—if not from memory, at least from routine encounters. Lacking the familiar touchstones found in a stable topographic setting, portable places become entities that, regardless of place, manifest the essence of a people. The chapter closes with a discussion of the practical and ideological importance of different modes of travel.","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128800310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface and Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hint of Things to Come . . .","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120931874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116758606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072qg.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127129,"journal":{"name":"The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125193274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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