Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020659
D. Watts, R. Ariztía
Many countries have deregulated their electricity markets, boosting competition and participation of private enterprises in generation. The recent electricity crises of Chile, California and Brazil, and the problems that other countries have faced, have interrupted the development of these reforms. In this paper the fundamentals of each market are analyzed, as well as each deregulated legislation. The authors also studied the crises, and the influence on them of each legislation. They found that besides circumstantial situations in each case, there are common aspects in the three crises. In all of them they found that the price signals in shortage situations were wrong, and that the performance of the regulators was deficient. They conclude that a deregulated electricity market will not work properly in a scarcity situation if consumers are isolated from the real cost of energy, and if it does not have independent regulators, that are not influenced by short-term political interests. Finally, based on the study, they propose improvements to the Chilean electricity legislation.
{"title":"The electricity crises of California, Brazil and Chile: lessons to the Chilean market","authors":"D. Watts, R. Ariztía","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020659","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries have deregulated their electricity markets, boosting competition and participation of private enterprises in generation. The recent electricity crises of Chile, California and Brazil, and the problems that other countries have faced, have interrupted the development of these reforms. In this paper the fundamentals of each market are analyzed, as well as each deregulated legislation. The authors also studied the crises, and the influence on them of each legislation. They found that besides circumstantial situations in each case, there are common aspects in the three crises. In all of them they found that the price signals in shortage situations were wrong, and that the performance of the regulators was deficient. They conclude that a deregulated electricity market will not work properly in a scarcity situation if consumers are isolated from the real cost of energy, and if it does not have independent regulators, that are not influenced by short-term political interests. Finally, based on the study, they propose improvements to the Chilean electricity legislation.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020663
A. Mantawy, S. Soliman, M. El-Hawary
A new efficient algorithm to solve the long-term hydro scheduling problem (LTHSP) is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on using the short-term memory of the tabu search (TS) approach to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in continuous variables of the LTHSP. The paper introduces new rules for generating feasible solutions with an adaptive step vector adjustment. Moreover an approximated tabu list for the continuous variables has been designed. The proposed implementation contributes to the enhancement of speed and convergence of the original tabu search algorithm (TSA). A significant reduction in the objective function over previous classical optimization methods and a simulated annealing algorithm has been achieved. Moreover the proposed TS requires less iterations to converge than simulated annealing. The proposed algorithm has been applied successfully to solve a system with four series cascaded reservoirs. Numerical results show an improvement in the solution compared to previously obtained results.
{"title":"A new tabu search algorithm for the long-term hydro scheduling problem","authors":"A. Mantawy, S. Soliman, M. El-Hawary","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020663","url":null,"abstract":"A new efficient algorithm to solve the long-term hydro scheduling problem (LTHSP) is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on using the short-term memory of the tabu search (TS) approach to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in continuous variables of the LTHSP. The paper introduces new rules for generating feasible solutions with an adaptive step vector adjustment. Moreover an approximated tabu list for the continuous variables has been designed. The proposed implementation contributes to the enhancement of speed and convergence of the original tabu search algorithm (TSA). A significant reduction in the objective function over previous classical optimization methods and a simulated annealing algorithm has been achieved. Moreover the proposed TS requires less iterations to converge than simulated annealing. The proposed algorithm has been applied successfully to solve a system with four series cascaded reservoirs. Numerical results show an improvement in the solution compared to previously obtained results.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120900058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020675
A.S. Quintela, C. Castro
In this paper improved branch-based voltage stability proximity indices are proposed. Their computation does not require the use of equivalents nor matrix handling, being straightforward and fast. They can be a very useful tool for power systems operators and planners both to evaluate systems operating conditions, and to determine system reinforcement actions. Also, the indices can be used to compare different operating situations as far as voltage stability is concerned.
{"title":"Improved branch-based voltage stability proximity indices. Part I: Theoretical background","authors":"A.S. Quintela, C. Castro","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020675","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper improved branch-based voltage stability proximity indices are proposed. Their computation does not require the use of equivalents nor matrix handling, being straightforward and fast. They can be a very useful tool for power systems operators and planners both to evaluate systems operating conditions, and to determine system reinforcement actions. Also, the indices can be used to compare different operating situations as far as voltage stability is concerned.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132757198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020665
S. Faried, S. Aboreshaid
Voltage sags, also known as dips, are important to industrial reliability. This paper presents a Monte Carlo based approach to evaluate the maximum voltage sag magnitudes in series capacitor compensated radial distribution systems. In this context, investigations have been conducted on a sample distribution system model taking into consideration the uncertainty of several factors associated with the practical operation of a power system. The Power System Blockset of MATLAB is used in the simulation studies.
{"title":"A Monte Carlo technique for the evaluation of voltage sags in series capacitor compensated radial distribution systems","authors":"S. Faried, S. Aboreshaid","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020665","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage sags, also known as dips, are important to industrial reliability. This paper presents a Monte Carlo based approach to evaluate the maximum voltage sag magnitudes in series capacitor compensated radial distribution systems. In this context, investigations have been conducted on a sample distribution system model taking into consideration the uncertainty of several factors associated with the practical operation of a power system. The Power System Blockset of MATLAB is used in the simulation studies.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115731437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020660
H. Yamin, K. Al-Tallaq, S. M. Shahidehpour
This paper discusses FERC order 2000 and the necessity for the formulation of the Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs). The advantages, problems and implications of RTOs are discussed. RTOs are beneficial in terms of market operation as well as system operation. No doubt that RTOs will affect some participants' interests. However, with so many benefits to the participants and to the system reliability, voluntarism should not be over emphasized and RTOs should be implemented in a more active way.
{"title":"FERC Order 2000","authors":"H. Yamin, K. Al-Tallaq, S. M. Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020660","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses FERC order 2000 and the necessity for the formulation of the Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs). The advantages, problems and implications of RTOs are discussed. RTOs are beneficial in terms of market operation as well as system operation. No doubt that RTOs will affect some participants' interests. However, with so many benefits to the participants and to the system reliability, voluntarism should not be over emphasized and RTOs should be implemented in a more active way.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020668
S. F. Mekhamer, Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Mohamed Magdy F. Mansour, M. A. Moustafa, S. A. Soliman
The application of capacitors in electric power systems is intended for the control of power flow, improvement of stability, voltage profile management, power factor correction, and loss minimization. This paper presents a review of different solution methods found in the literature and is intended as a guide for those interested in the problem or intending to do additional research in the area. The assumptions made and brief descriptions of the solution methods are presented.
{"title":"State of the art in optimal capacitor allocation for reactive power compensation in distribution feeders","authors":"S. F. Mekhamer, Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Mohamed Magdy F. Mansour, M. A. Moustafa, S. A. Soliman","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020668","url":null,"abstract":"The application of capacitors in electric power systems is intended for the control of power flow, improvement of stability, voltage profile management, power factor correction, and loss minimization. This paper presents a review of different solution methods found in the literature and is intended as a guide for those interested in the problem or intending to do additional research in the area. The assumptions made and brief descriptions of the solution methods are presented.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114784407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020673
A. Elgallad, M. El-Hawary, W. Phillips, A. Sallam
A high-speed network needs to assign a fixed bandwidth for each connection some where between its mean and peak rates. Most of the time this assigned bandwidth will not handle all the traffic received and creates traffic loss. This paper introduces a new algorithm to avoid network congestion. The algorithm mainly considers online measurements of the relative contents of each buffer in the network. An adaptive bandwidth reallocation is simply done by recalling an evolved neural network. A particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is used to adjust both weights matrix and the number of nodes for the hidden layer providing that input and output layers are fixed at one node (ratio of relative contents and bandwidth proportion respectively). The results are compared with static bandwidth allocation in terms of number of traffic drop.
{"title":"PSO-based neural network for dynamic bandwidth re-allocation [power system communication]","authors":"A. Elgallad, M. El-Hawary, W. Phillips, A. Sallam","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020673","url":null,"abstract":"A high-speed network needs to assign a fixed bandwidth for each connection some where between its mean and peak rates. Most of the time this assigned bandwidth will not handle all the traffic received and creates traffic loss. This paper introduces a new algorithm to avoid network congestion. The algorithm mainly considers online measurements of the relative contents of each buffer in the network. An adaptive bandwidth reallocation is simply done by recalling an evolved neural network. A particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is used to adjust both weights matrix and the number of nodes for the hidden layer providing that input and output layers are fixed at one node (ratio of relative contents and bandwidth proportion respectively). The results are compared with static bandwidth allocation in terms of number of traffic drop.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020671
S. Kincic, A. Chandra, S. Babic
This paper deals with multilevel diode clamped voltage source inverter applied as STATCOM. The authors use "offline" optimization of switching angles together with fundamental frequency modulation switching strategy (FFM). They show that reactive power compensation is achieved by controlling the exchange of active power between the DC side of the inverter and the AC system. Moreover, they show that it is not possible to achieve the proper compensation during unbalanced conditions of the system while an FFM switching strategy is used together with "offline" optimization of switching angles. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
{"title":"Five level diode clamped voltage source inverter and its application in reactive power compensation","authors":"S. Kincic, A. Chandra, S. Babic","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020671","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with multilevel diode clamped voltage source inverter applied as STATCOM. The authors use \"offline\" optimization of switching angles together with fundamental frequency modulation switching strategy (FFM). They show that reactive power compensation is achieved by controlling the exchange of active power between the DC side of the inverter and the AC system. Moreover, they show that it is not possible to achieve the proper compensation during unbalanced conditions of the system while an FFM switching strategy is used together with \"offline\" optimization of switching angles. Simulation and experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116670243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020678
A. Sallam, A.M. Khafaga
Application of a fuzzy expert system to the power system gives a common goal in the management of power systems specially for managing the system against voltage instability. Attempts are made in this paper to control voltage instability by load shedding using a fuzzy technique as a fuzzy controller. The fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory are applied to the problem formulated in the study system. The results of applying the proposed technique to the test system verifies its robustness and feasibility to calculate the optimum and minimum ratio of load shedding as a control to depress the voltage instability problem.
{"title":"Fuzzy expert system using load shedding for voltage instability control","authors":"A. Sallam, A.M. Khafaga","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020678","url":null,"abstract":"Application of a fuzzy expert system to the power system gives a common goal in the management of power systems specially for managing the system against voltage instability. Attempts are made in this paper to control voltage instability by load shedding using a fuzzy technique as a fuzzy controller. The fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory are applied to the problem formulated in the study system. The results of applying the proposed technique to the test system verifies its robustness and feasibility to calculate the optimum and minimum ratio of load shedding as a control to depress the voltage instability problem.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123021452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020658
N. Sisworahardjo, A. El-Keib
The paper presents an ant colony search algorithm (ACSA)-based approach to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem. This ACSA algorithm is a relatively new meta-heuristic for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. It is a population-based approach that uses exploitation of positive feedback, distributed computation as well as a constructive greedy heuristic. Positive feedback is for fast discovery of good solutions, distributed computation avoids early convergence, and the greedy heuristic helps find adequate solutions in the early stages of the search process. The ACSA was inspired from natural behavior of the ant colonies on how they find the food source and bring them back to their nest by building the unique trail formation. The UC problem solved using the proposed approach is subject to real power balance, real power operating limits of generating units, spinning reserve, start up cost, and minimum up and down time constraints. The proposed approach determines the search space of multi-stage scheduling followed by considering the unit transition related constraints during the process of state transition. The paper describes the proposed approach and presents test results on a 10-unit test system that demonstrates its effectiveness in solving the UC problem.
{"title":"Unit commitment using the ant colony search algorithm","authors":"N. Sisworahardjo, A. El-Keib","doi":"10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LESCPE.2002.1020658","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an ant colony search algorithm (ACSA)-based approach to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem. This ACSA algorithm is a relatively new meta-heuristic for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. It is a population-based approach that uses exploitation of positive feedback, distributed computation as well as a constructive greedy heuristic. Positive feedback is for fast discovery of good solutions, distributed computation avoids early convergence, and the greedy heuristic helps find adequate solutions in the early stages of the search process. The ACSA was inspired from natural behavior of the ant colonies on how they find the food source and bring them back to their nest by building the unique trail formation. The UC problem solved using the proposed approach is subject to real power balance, real power operating limits of generating units, spinning reserve, start up cost, and minimum up and down time constraints. The proposed approach determines the search space of multi-stage scheduling followed by considering the unit transition related constraints during the process of state transition. The paper describes the proposed approach and presents test results on a 10-unit test system that demonstrates its effectiveness in solving the UC problem.","PeriodicalId":127699,"journal":{"name":"LESCOPE'02. 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering. Conference Proceedings","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122538991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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