Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00119.X
Kirsten Stalker, C. Robinson
This paper focuses on one part of a three-year study into respite care services to disabled children. Relevant literature in the field is first reviewed and the aims and methods of the research are outlined. The main findings from semi-structured interviews with 160 parents using different types of respite care—family based schemes, local authority residential homes and health authority provision, including hospitals—are reported and discussed. Certain differences emerged between the characteristics of children using different services, notably in terms of age, weight, and level of dependency. Uneven access to services was identified, with black and low income families apparently having limited choice. Significant variation was found in the perceptions of the various service users. Important features of family based schemes were the child-centred nature of the service, the good relationships generally enjoyed by parents and carers and the informality of arrangements. Some benefits were reported for children receiving respite care in residential homes but widespread difficulty in obtaining bookings and instances of poor physical care were significant drawbacks. Parents using health authority provision reported a range of dissatisfactions, mostly associated with the institutional nature of the service.
{"title":"PARENTS' VIEWS OF DIFFERENT RESPITE CARE SERVICES","authors":"Kirsten Stalker, C. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00119.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00119.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on one part of a three-year study into respite care services to disabled children. Relevant literature in the field is first reviewed and the aims and methods of the research are outlined. The main findings from semi-structured interviews with 160 parents using different types of respite care—family based schemes, local authority residential homes and health authority provision, including hospitals—are reported and discussed. Certain differences emerged between the characteristics of children using different services, notably in terms of age, weight, and level of dependency. Uneven access to services was identified, with black and low income families apparently having limited choice. Significant variation was found in the perceptions of the various service users. Important features of family based schemes were the child-centred nature of the service, the good relationships generally enjoyed by parents and carers and the informality of arrangements. Some benefits were reported for children receiving respite care in residential homes but widespread difficulty in obtaining bookings and instances of poor physical care were significant drawbacks. Parents using health authority provision reported a range of dissatisfactions, mostly associated with the institutional nature of the service.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118357015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00014.X
E. A. Allen
This paper comprehensively reviews studies relating to the prevalence, assessment, and behavioural treatment of anxiety and related disorders in adults with mental handicaps. It is considered that the paucity of research in this area, relative to work with adults who are not mentally handicapped, is an example of neglect by mainstream psychology rather than a belief that people with mental handicaps do not often experience such disorders. The lack of assessment measures is noted and discussed in the context of studies of treatment outcome. Such studies are sparse and generally poorly designed, although most indicate the potential benefit of behavioural interventions. Future areas of research are discussed and their necessity is outlined in the context of the principles of normalisation.
{"title":"Behavioural treatment of anxiety and related disorders in adults with mental handicaps: A REVIEW","authors":"E. A. Allen","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00014.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00014.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comprehensively reviews studies relating to the prevalence, assessment, and behavioural treatment of anxiety and related disorders in adults with mental handicaps. It is considered that the paucity of research in this area, relative to work with adults who are not mentally handicapped, is an example of neglect by mainstream psychology rather than a belief that people with mental handicaps do not often experience such disorders. The lack of assessment measures is noted and discussed in the context of studies of treatment outcome. Such studies are sparse and generally poorly designed, although most indicate the potential benefit of behavioural interventions. Future areas of research are discussed and their necessity is outlined in the context of the principles of normalisation.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118940562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00106.X
R. Drewett, D. Dagnan, John B. Tonner, Carol Maychell
A method is presented for assessing the extent to which people with mental handicaps living in residential homes can independently locate resources available in their communities. A range of facilities necessary to an ordinary life is plotted on a map for each home. The person is then accompanied on a ‘neighbourhood walk’ on which they are asked to take the researcher to each of the facilities on the list. Data from a reliability study based on two assessments carried out by independent researchers eight months apart showed a very high correlation for the number of facilities correctly located (Pearson's r was 0.96). In addition to this quantitative data, the neighbourhood walk provides qualitative data, of the kind normally associated with ethnographic studies, which allows some assessment of the extent of social as well as physical integration. Data collected independently of care staff was shown to be reliable and can be summarised in a way that allows comparisons of different kinds of home.
{"title":"NEIGHBOURHOOD WALKS: A SEMI-QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE ACCESS PEOPLE WITH A LEARNING DIFFICULTY HAVE TO RESOURCES IN THEIR COMMUNITY","authors":"R. Drewett, D. Dagnan, John B. Tonner, Carol Maychell","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00106.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00106.X","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for assessing the extent to which people with mental handicaps living in residential homes can independently locate resources available in their communities. A range of facilities necessary to an ordinary life is plotted on a map for each home. The person is then accompanied on a ‘neighbourhood walk’ on which they are asked to take the researcher to each of the facilities on the list. Data from a reliability study based on two assessments carried out by independent researchers eight months apart showed a very high correlation for the number of facilities correctly located (Pearson's r was 0.96). In addition to this quantitative data, the neighbourhood walk provides qualitative data, of the kind normally associated with ethnographic studies, which allows some assessment of the extent of social as well as physical integration. Data collected independently of care staff was shown to be reliable and can be summarised in a way that allows comparisons of different kinds of home.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00117.X
G. Llewellyn
Overall, the results of training programmes for parents with learning disability (LD) are positively reported. These training programmes are generally provided through specialist services. However, ordinary life principles dictate that people with LD be catered for in generic services. In this study community based generic family support services were surveyed in one Australian state, New South Wales, to determine whether assistance was provided to parents with LD. The results show that only a small proportion of these services (20%) catered for these parents. Type, content and frequency of parent education and training was predominantly determined on an individual needs basis. The parent education and training provided is discussed in relation to programme components thought necessary to ensure successful training outcomes. Possible reasons why the majority of services do not include parents with LD are also presented.
{"title":"GENERIC FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICES: ARE PARENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITY CATERED FOR?","authors":"G. Llewellyn","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00117.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00117.X","url":null,"abstract":"Overall, the results of training programmes for parents with learning disability (LD) are positively reported. These training programmes are generally provided through specialist services. However, ordinary life principles dictate that people with LD be catered for in generic services. In this study community based generic family support services were surveyed in one Australian state, New South Wales, to determine whether assistance was provided to parents with LD. The results show that only a small proportion of these services (20%) catered for these parents. Type, content and frequency of parent education and training was predominantly determined on an individual needs basis. The parent education and training provided is discussed in relation to programme components thought necessary to ensure successful training outcomes. Possible reasons why the majority of services do not include parents with LD are also presented.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125967153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00134.X
E. Harvey, J. Burns
Residential nursing staff were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) each month for a total of six months throughout a service transition involving the move of a group of men with profound learning disabilities, some with additional challenging behaviours, from two hospital wards to a community-living orientated hostel. The MBI was used to measure the effect on staff of the intense reorganisation in their working environment. Significant increases in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation, and a (non significant) decrease in Personal Accomplishment were found during the transition. Levels reverted to baseline following the move, but burnout remained above the mean of a previously published study, for two of the three dimensions. Levels of absenteeism largely mirrored the pattern of the MBI scores, with a one-month lapse between high burnout and high absenteeism, supporting previous research indicating an association between the two.
{"title":"STAFF BURNOUT AND ABSENTEEISM THROUGH SERVICE TRANSITION: FROM HOSPITAL TO HOSTEL","authors":"E. Harvey, J. Burns","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00134.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00134.X","url":null,"abstract":"Residential nursing staff were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) each month for a total of six months throughout a service transition involving the move of a group of men with profound learning disabilities, some with additional challenging behaviours, from two hospital wards to a community-living orientated hostel. The MBI was used to measure the effect on staff of the intense reorganisation in their working environment. Significant increases in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation, and a (non significant) decrease in Personal Accomplishment were found during the transition. Levels reverted to baseline following the move, but burnout remained above the mean of a previously published study, for two of the three dimensions. Levels of absenteeism largely mirrored the pattern of the MBI scores, with a one-month lapse between high burnout and high absenteeism, supporting previous research indicating an association between the two.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00045.X
Robert Jones, C. Eayrs
The use of procedures which minimise the making of errors is a popular method of teaching skills to people with learning disability. The origin of this approach can be traced to two distinct sources: the work of B.F. Skinner on programmed learning, and the work of H.S. Terrace on discrimination learning. This early work is reviewed and research findings which highlight the negative side affects of an ‘errorless’ approach are discussed. The role of prompting, attention, reinforcement and generalisation is outlined. Recommendations for the development of teaching programmes are made.
{"title":"THE USE OF ERRORLESS LEARNING PROCEDURES IN TEACHING PEOPLE WITH A LEARNING DISABILITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW","authors":"Robert Jones, C. Eayrs","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00045.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00045.X","url":null,"abstract":"The use of procedures which minimise the making of errors is a popular method of teaching skills to people with learning disability. The origin of this approach can be traced to two distinct sources: the work of B.F. Skinner on programmed learning, and the work of H.S. Terrace on discrimination learning. This early work is reviewed and research findings which highlight the negative side affects of an ‘errorless’ approach are discussed. The role of prompting, attention, reinforcement and generalisation is outlined. Recommendations for the development of teaching programmes are made.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124633993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00022.X
J. Gillies, C. Espie, J. M. Montgomery
This controlled study investigates possible psychosocial deficits associated with the “double handicap” of mental handicap plus epilepsy in a sizeable sample of adults with mental handicaps living in the community. Results indicate that social and behavioural problems, additional to those associated with mental handicap in itself, are largely confined to the relatively small sub-group of people who have poorly controlled epilepsy. These results are discussed in relation to deficiencies in the socialisation process.
{"title":"The social and behavioural functioning of people with mental handicaps attending adult training centres: A COMPARISON OF THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT EPILEPSY","authors":"J. Gillies, C. Espie, J. M. Montgomery","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00022.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00022.X","url":null,"abstract":"This controlled study investigates possible psychosocial deficits associated with the “double handicap” of mental handicap plus epilepsy in a sizeable sample of adults with mental handicaps living in the community. Results indicate that social and behavioural problems, additional to those associated with mental handicap in itself, are largely confined to the relatively small sub-group of people who have poorly controlled epilepsy. These results are discussed in relation to deficiencies in the socialisation process.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00027.X
W. Lindsay, I. Richardson, A. Michie
Over the past few years there has been an increasing interest in the treatments for anxiety in people with mental handicaps. Some authors have found poor results in using relaxation treatments with this client group but the present authors have adapted and developed techniques which have shown excellent immediate effects. The present study investigated the generalised effects of two forms of relaxation training: Behaviour Relaxation Training (BRT) and Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation (APR). Both were found to produce reductions in anxiety at times of the day other than those in which treatment was being conducted. BRT produced quicker effects, but although people receiving this form of treatment showed less anxiety than those receiving APR, these differences were not significant by the end of treatment and at follow-up. It was concluded that both treatments can be effective in helping people with mental handicaps reduce their anxiety outside of treatment sessions.
{"title":"Short‐term generalised effects of relaxation training on adults with moderate and severe mental handicaps","authors":"W. Lindsay, I. Richardson, A. Michie","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00027.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00027.X","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years there has been an increasing interest in the treatments for anxiety in people with mental handicaps. Some authors have found poor results in using relaxation treatments with this client group but the present authors have adapted and developed techniques which have shown excellent immediate effects. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The present study investigated the generalised effects of two forms of relaxation training: Behaviour Relaxation Training (BRT) and Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation (APR). Both were found to produce reductions in anxiety at times of the day other than those in which treatment was being conducted. BRT produced quicker effects, but although people receiving this form of treatment showed less anxiety than those receiving APR, these differences were not significant by the end of treatment and at follow-up. It was concluded that both treatments can be effective in helping people with mental handicaps reduce their anxiety outside of treatment sessions.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00115.X
L. Stewart, H. Beange, D. Mackerras
A survey of nutritional status and dietary problems in adults with learning disabilities aged 20–50 years and living in the general community is reported. The frequency of overweight (BMI 25–30) and obese (BMI >30) women (and in Down Syndrome subjects both men and women) was more than twice that in their community controls. No significant difference in BMI categories was found in the men. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were more frequent in overweight and obese learning disabled women than in their community counterparts. These results indicate a need for specific nutrition education programmes, in concert with proper nutritional assessment and dietary intervention.
{"title":"A SURVEY OF DIETARY PROBLEMS OF ADULTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES IN THE COMMUNITY","authors":"L. Stewart, H. Beange, D. Mackerras","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00115.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00115.X","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of nutritional status and dietary problems in adults with learning disabilities aged 20–50 years and living in the general community is reported. The frequency of overweight (BMI 25–30) and obese (BMI >30) women (and in Down Syndrome subjects both men and women) was more than twice that in their community controls. No significant difference in BMI categories was found in the men. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were more frequent in overweight and obese learning disabled women than in their community counterparts. These results indicate a need for specific nutrition education programmes, in concert with proper nutritional assessment and dietary intervention.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-25DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00044.X
S. Hewson, Jennyer Walker
Although there is widespread acceptance that services should be evaluated there is little evidence that evaluations have much influence on services. This study reports an evaluation which was designed specifically to influence development in a residential service for adults with mental handicap. A rationale is provided for the design of the evaluation and the subsequent evaluation process and methodology is described. Results are presented which show that ‘second generation’ services can achieve levels of performance similar to those reported by ‘exemplary’ projects on such measures as client engagement and staff interaction. Equally, the marked variability in results across the district-wide service indicated both the need and the scope for significant improvements. The consequences of feeding back this information to management are described. Finally the practicability and usefulness of this type of evaluation are discussed.
{"title":"THE USE OF EVALUATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STAFFED RESIDENTIAL SERVICE FOR ADULTS WITH MENTAL HANDICAP","authors":"S. Hewson, Jennyer Walker","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00044.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00044.X","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is widespread acceptance that services should be evaluated there is little evidence that evaluations have much influence on services. This study reports an evaluation which was designed specifically to influence development in a residential service for adults with mental handicap. A rationale is provided for the design of the evaluation and the subsequent evaluation process and methodology is described. Results are presented which show that ‘second generation’ services can achieve levels of performance similar to those reported by ‘exemplary’ projects on such measures as client engagement and staff interaction. Equally, the marked variability in results across the district-wide service indicated both the need and the scope for significant improvements. The consequences of feeding back this information to management are described. Finally the practicability and usefulness of this type of evaluation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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