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Proceedings Third IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2000) (Cat. No. PR00607)最新文献

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Structural and behavioral decomposition in object oriented models 面向对象模型中的结构和行为分解
J. Fischer, E. Holz, B. Møller-Pedersen
The decomposition of large systems into parts is a general principle of software design. Even more, in the scope of distributed systems, a partition of the whole system into distributable components is necessary. Decisions about what constitutes a component of a system are usually either based on the behavior or on the structure of the system. Nevertheless, there is a strong mutual influence between both kinds of decomposition. Despite the importance of structural and behavioral decomposition, many modeling notations and languages define the semantics of these concepts rather vaguely, and this may lead to incorrect implementation. This paper presents the new structuring mechanisms in the object-oriented specification and description language SDL-2000. The paper also gives a critical evaluation of these concepts and a comparison with similar approaches in UML (Unified Modeling Language) and ROOM (Real-time Object-Oriented Modeling).
将大型系统分解成各个部分是软件设计的一般原则。甚至,在分布式系统的范围内,将整个系统划分为可分发的组件是必要的。关于组成系统组件的决定通常是基于系统的行为或结构。然而,这两种分解之间存在着强烈的相互影响。尽管结构和行为分解很重要,但许多建模符号和语言对这些概念的语义定义相当模糊,这可能导致不正确的实现。本文介绍了面向对象规范描述语言SDL-2000中新的结构化机制。本文还对这些概念进行了批判性的评价,并与UML(统一建模语言)和ROOM(实时面向对象建模)中的类似方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 5
Monitoring distributed real-time activities in DCOM 监控DCOM中的分布式实时活动
M. Mock, M. Gergeleit, E. Nett
Object-oriented frameworks have become a key element in the design of distribution systems. They make the existence of the physical and operating system level resources transparent to the designer and provide the abstract view of the distributed systems as a set of objects that interact by invoking well-defined interfaces of each other. Easy reuse of existing components, location transparency and implementation hiding are the main ingredients of such frameworks that simplify the task of designing distributed systems drastically. It is desirable to take advantage of these benefits when designing distributed real-time systems, too. However, this goal conflicts with the essential need to consider the allocation of system resources when real-time requirements must be met. Here, system level resource issues such as execution times on CPUs, thread switches, occurrence of interrupts, and message delays are of primary interest. Our approach to solve this dilemma is to allow and support the designer of distributed real-time object-oriented applications to become aware of system level resources. We present a monitoring tool JewelDC that allows monitoring of distribution activities (i.e. nested sequences of object invocations) in a distributed object-oriented framework. Distributed activities are visualized at the abstract object level while simultaneously revealing their use of system level resources. The tool has been implemented for DCOM on Microsoft Windows NT 4.0.
面向对象框架已经成为配电系统设计中的一个关键元素。它们使物理和操作系统级资源的存在对设计人员透明,并将分布式系统的抽象视图作为一组对象提供,这些对象通过调用彼此定义良好的接口进行交互。易于重用现有组件、位置透明和实现隐藏是这些框架的主要成分,它们极大地简化了设计分布式系统的任务。在设计分布式实时系统时,也需要利用这些优点。然而,当必须满足实时需求时,这个目标与考虑系统资源分配的基本需求相冲突。在这里,系统级资源问题(如cpu上的执行时间、线程切换、中断的发生和消息延迟)是主要关注的问题。我们解决这一困境的方法是允许并支持分布式实时面向对象应用程序的设计者了解系统级资源。我们提出了一个监视工具JewelDC,它允许在分布式面向对象框架中监视分布活动(即嵌套的对象调用序列)。分布式活动在抽象对象级别进行可视化,同时显示它们对系统级资源的使用情况。该工具已在Microsoft Windows NT 4.0上为DCOM实现。
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引用次数: 7
Kernel structuring using time-triggered message-triggered objects for real-time active DBMS in layered architecture 基于时间触发消息触发对象的分层实时主动DBMS内核结构
Chanho Ryu, Hyeok Han, Young-Keol Kim, Young-Kuk Kim, Seong-il Jin
Real-time active database systems are systems that need the logical consistency of computation results and the timing constraint. Especially, real-time systems are generally highly interactive with their environment, reacting to stimuli in the environment. And a wealth of active database models has been proposed and several major prototypes have been produced However, no uniform method for specifying the rule and each manager of active database system in design has yet been proposed within the real-time research community: for an example, real-time object model. This paper presents an architecture of an real-time active database system using time-triggered message-triggered object with incorporating active functionality and real-time constraints into an active database kernel in layered architecture. Also this paper shows how real-time objects are designed to a manager as a module of active database and a rule in active database is represented as an object designed to appropriate to real-time active database.
实时活动数据库系统是需要计算结果的逻辑一致性和时间约束的系统。特别是,实时系统通常与环境高度交互,对环境中的刺激作出反应。人们提出了大量的活动数据库模型,并产生了几种主要的原型。然而,在实时研究界还没有提出统一的方法来指定设计中的活动数据库系统的规则和每个管理器:例如,实时对象模型。本文提出了一种采用时间触发消息触发对象的实时活动数据库系统体系结构,并将活动功能和实时约束结合到分层结构的活动数据库内核中。并将实时对象作为活动数据库的一个模块设计给管理器,将活动数据库中的规则表示为适合于实时活动数据库的对象。
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引用次数: 4
Automatic synthesis of multi-tasking implementations from real-time object-oriented models 从实时面向对象模型自动合成多任务实现
M. Saksena, Panagiota Karvelas, Yun Wang
Presents an approach towards the automatic synthesis of implementations from real-time object-oriented design models. From an application design model that addresses the functional requirements of the system, and given end-to-end timing requirements, our synthesis approach generates a feasible implementation model, i.e. one that will meet the timing requirements. The synthesis process is supported by automatic code generation that can take the application design model and the synthesized implementation model, and can generate code for the target platform. The synthesis of an implementation model is facilitated through the use of a generic (application-independent) implementation architecture, thereby reducing the synthesis problem to selecting a mapping of the application design model to the artifacts of the implementation architecture. In this paper, we use a multi-threaded event handling architecture with fixed event priorities. The synthesis problem then consists of determining priorities for events and mapping events to threads. We show how, given such a mapping, the response times can be analyzed, and then how, using the analysis, a feasible implementation model can be automatically synthesized.
提出了一种从实时面向对象设计模型自动合成实现的方法。从解决系统功能需求的应用程序设计模型,以及给定的端到端定时需求,我们的综合方法生成一个可行的实现模型,即一个将满足定时需求的模型。综合过程由自动代码生成支持,自动代码生成可以采用应用程序设计模型和综合实现模型,并为目标平台生成代码。通过使用通用的(独立于应用程序的)实现体系结构,可以简化实现模型的综合,从而将综合问题减少到选择应用程序设计模型到实现体系结构构件的映射。在本文中,我们使用具有固定事件优先级的多线程事件处理体系结构。然后,合成问题包括确定事件的优先级和将事件映射到线程。我们将展示如何在给定这种映射的情况下分析响应时间,然后如何使用分析自动合成可行的实现模型。
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引用次数: 53
Architecture, design methodology, and component-based tools for a real-time inspection system 实时检测系统的体系结构、设计方法和基于组件的工具
J. Horst
We describe a real-time component-based system for an inspection application. We chose the inspection application and the accompanying task (or scenario) so that we might fully exercise and test our theories about real-time complex systems, system architectures, design methodologies, and software tools. We describe the application, give a history and description of our system architecture and design methodology, describe the real-time software tools we used, and conclude with a discussion of real-time and object-oriented challenges solved.
我们描述了一个实时的基于组件的检测系统。我们选择了检查应用程序和伴随的任务(或场景),这样我们就可以充分地练习和测试我们关于实时复杂系统、系统架构、设计方法和软件工具的理论。我们描述了应用程序,给出了我们的系统架构和设计方法的历史和描述,描述了我们使用的实时软件工具,最后讨论了解决的实时和面向对象的挑战。
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引用次数: 9
Deadline-constrained causal order 截止日期约束的因果顺序
L. Rodrigues, R. Baldoni, E. Anceaume, M. Raynal
A causal ordering protocol ensures that if two messages are causally related and have the same destination, they are delivered to the application in their sending order. Causal order strongly simplifies the development of distributed object oriented systems. To prevent causal order violation, either messages may be forced to wait for messages in their past, or late messages may have to be discarded. For a real time setting, the first approach is not suitable since when a message misses a deadline, all the messages that causally depend on it may also be forced to miss their deadlines. We propose a novel causal ordering abstraction that takes message deadlines into consideration. Two implementations are proposed in the context of multicast and broadcast communication that deliver as many messages as possible to the application. Examples of distributed soft real time applications that benefit from the use of a deadline-constrained causal ordering primitive are given.
因果排序协议确保,如果两条消息是因果相关的,并且具有相同的目的地,那么它们将按照其发送顺序交付给应用程序。因果顺序极大地简化了分布式面向对象系统的开发。为了防止违反因果顺序,可能会强制消息等待过去的消息,或者必须丢弃延迟的消息。对于实时设置,第一种方法不适合,因为当消息错过截止日期时,所有因果依赖于它的消息也可能被迫错过截止日期。我们提出了一种新的考虑消息截止日期的因果排序抽象。在多播和广播通信环境下,提出了两种实现方案,可以向应用程序发送尽可能多的消息。给出了受益于使用期限约束因果排序原语的分布式软实时应用程序的示例。
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引用次数: 35
Modelling of real-time embedded systems in an object-oriented design environment with UML 在面向对象的设计环境中用UML对实时嵌入式系统进行建模
Razvan Jigorea, Sorin Manolache, P. Eles, Zebo Peng
The paper explores aspects concerning system-level specification, modelling and simulation of real time embedded system. By means of case studies, we investigate how object oriented methodologies, and in particular UML, support the modelling of industrial scale real time systems, and how different architectures can be explored by model simulation. We are mainly interested in the problem of system specification as it appears from the prospect of the whole design process. The discussion is illustrated by a large system model from the telecommunications area, the GSM base transceiver station.
本文对实时嵌入式系统的系统级规范、建模和仿真等方面进行了探讨。通过案例研究,我们研究了面向对象的方法,特别是UML,如何支持工业规模实时系统的建模,以及如何通过模型仿真来探索不同的体系结构。我们主要对系统规格问题感兴趣,因为它是从整个设计过程的角度出现的。本文以电信领域的一个大型系统模型——GSM基站收发信台为例进行了说明。
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引用次数: 35
Component customization for object-oriented distributed real-time software development 面向对象分布式实时软件开发的组件定制
S. Yau, F. Karim
To apply the component-based approach to distributed real-time software development, it is necessary to identify components based on both functional and real-time requirements. Since a component may be acquired from external sources, it becomes necessary during integration to ensure that a component satisfies the real-time requirements of the target application software. Since these requirements vary, customizable so that during integration it can adapt itself to the specific real-time requirements of the target-distributed software. To facilitate such activities, it is preferable to have components that are capable of performing self-customization using a set of built-in services. In this paper, an object-oriented real-time component framework and two built-in customization services are presented to address the specified issues.
为了将基于组件的方法应用于分布式实时软件开发,有必要根据功能和实时需求识别组件。由于组件可以从外部来源获得,因此在集成期间有必要确保组件满足目标应用软件的实时需求。由于这些需求是变化的,因此可以自定义,以便在集成期间它可以适应目标分布式软件的特定实时需求。为了促进此类活动,最好使用能够使用一组内置服务执行自定义的组件。本文提出了一个面向对象的实时组件框架和两个内置的定制服务来解决这些问题。
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引用次数: 15
Verification of UML-based real-time system designs by means of cTLA 利用cTLA验证基于uml的实时系统设计
G. Graw, P. Herrmann, H. Krumm
The Unified Modeling Language UML is well-suited for the design of real-time systems. In particular the design of dynamic system behaviors is supported by interaction diagrams and statecharts. Real-time aspects of behaviors can be described by time constraints. The semantics of the UML, however, is non-formal. In order to enable formal design verification, we therefore propose to complement the UML based design by additional formal models which refine UML diagrams to precise formal models. We apply the formal specification technique cTLA which is based on L. Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions, TLA. In particular cTLA supports modular definitions of process types and the composition of systems from coupled process instances. Since process composition has superposition character each process system has all of the relevant properties of its constituting processes. Therefore mostly small subsystems are sufficient for the verification of system properties and it is not necessary to use complete and complex formal system models. We present this approach by means of an example and also exemplify the formal verification of its hard real-time properties.
统一建模语言UML非常适合于实时系统的设计。特别是动态系统行为的设计是由交互图和状态图支持的。行为的实时方面可以用时间约束来描述。然而,UML的语义是非正式的。为了实现正式的设计验证,我们因此建议通过附加的正式模型来补充基于UML的设计,这些模型将UML图细化为精确的正式模型。我们采用了基于L. Lamport的动作时间逻辑(Temporal Logic of Actions, TLA)的形式规范技术cTLA。特别地,cTLA支持流程类型的模块化定义,以及来自耦合流程实例的系统组合。由于过程组合具有叠加性,每个过程系统都具有其构成过程的所有相关性质。因此,大多数小的子系统对于系统属性的验证就足够了,没有必要使用完整和复杂的形式化系统模型。我们通过一个实例给出了这种方法,并举例说明了其硬实时性的形式化验证。
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引用次数: 26
Using QDL to specify QoS aware distributed (QuO) application configuration 使用QDL指定QoS感知分布式(QuO)应用程序配置
P. Pal, J. Loyall, R. Schantz, J. Zinky, R. Shapiro, James Megquier
Recent work in opening up distributed object systems to make them suitable for applications needing quality of service control has had the side effect of increasing the complexity in setting up, configuring, and initializing such applications. Configuration of distributed applications is more complicated than that of non-distributed applications, simply because of the heterogeneous and distributed nature of the application's components. CORBA and other distributed object middleware simplifies the configuration of distributed object applications, but hides much of the information and control necessary to achieve quality of service (QoS). We describe the techniques and tools that we have developed within our Quality Objects (QuO) framework for simplifying the configuration of distributed applications with QoS attributes. We describe a QuO configuration language, as well as the specific configuration needs of particular QoS properties-real-time, security, and dependability-and the support we provide for them.
最近开放分布式对象系统以使其适合需要服务质量控制的应用程序的工作产生了副作用,即增加了设置、配置和初始化此类应用程序的复杂性。分布式应用程序的配置比非分布式应用程序的配置更复杂,这仅仅是因为应用程序组件的异构和分布式特性。CORBA和其他分布式对象中间件简化了分布式对象应用程序的配置,但隐藏了实现服务质量(QoS)所需的许多信息和控制。我们描述了我们在质量对象(Quality Objects, QuO)框架内开发的技术和工具,用于简化具有QoS属性的分布式应用程序的配置。我们描述了QuO配置语言,以及特定QoS属性(实时性、安全性和可靠性)的特定配置需求,以及我们为它们提供的支持。
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引用次数: 79
期刊
Proceedings Third IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2000) (Cat. No. PR00607)
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