Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in the rural community of West Ismailia and its associated risk factors. Human infection by GIP is natural and expected. There are few records concerning parasitic infection in the rural areas of the Ismailia Governorate.
Methods: From 520 individuals, sociodemographic and risk factors information were retrieved. Fecal samples were collected, concentrated, and tested for GIP infection using a microscopic examination.
Results: The West Ismailia study population had a 40.4% prevalence of GIP infection, including single and concomitant parasite infections. The most common cause of GIP infection was protists (38%). Entamoeba sp., Blastocystis sp., and G. duodenalis were the most common parasites. Poly-parasitism was prevalent within the West Ismailia region. Age, abdominal symptoms, perianal itching, ownership of numerous animal species, exposure to turbid water, previous parasitic infection (PPI), and non-treatment reception of PPI were all considered significant factors associated with GIP infection. Specific individuals from the same family have been observed to have identical GIP.
Conclusion: GIP infection remains underestimated in rural areas. Periodic screening and treatment for GIP infection in children and public education on GIP hazards and prevention, focusing on personal hygiene, are recommended. Family members of affected individuals should be screened and treated for GIP.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasitic infections: Prevalence and risk factors in West Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.","authors":"Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Samar Farag Mohamed, Heba Sayed El-Mahallawy, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00622-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00622-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in the rural community of West Ismailia and its associated risk factors. Human infection by GIP is natural and expected. There are few records concerning parasitic infection in the rural areas of the Ismailia Governorate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 520 individuals, sociodemographic and risk factors information were retrieved. Fecal samples were collected, concentrated, and tested for GIP infection using a microscopic examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The West Ismailia study population had a 40.4% prevalence of GIP infection, including single and concomitant parasite infections. The most common cause of GIP infection was protists (38%). Entamoeba sp., Blastocystis sp., and G. duodenalis were the most common parasites. Poly-parasitism was prevalent within the West Ismailia region. Age, abdominal symptoms, perianal itching, ownership of numerous animal species, exposure to turbid water, previous parasitic infection (PPI), and non-treatment reception of PPI were all considered significant factors associated with GIP infection. Specific individuals from the same family have been observed to have identical GIP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GIP infection remains underestimated in rural areas. Periodic screening and treatment for GIP infection in children and public education on GIP hazards and prevention, focusing on personal hygiene, are recommended. Family members of affected individuals should be screened and treated for GIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Intussusception, a common cause of abdominal pain in children, often lacks clear underlying causes and is mostly idiopathic. Recurrence, though rare, raises clinical concerns, with rates escalating after each episode. Factors like pathological lead points and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) are associated with recurrent cases. On the other hand, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), often asymptomatic, in children has been declining. Although its infection is reported to be linked with HSP, its role in recurrent intussusception remains unexplored. Further research is needed to understand the interplay among H. pylori (culprit pathogen), HSP (trigger), and intractable intussusception so as to develop effective management strategies.
Case presentation: A two-year-old girl experienced four atypical episodes of intussusception at distinct locations, which later coincided with HSP. Despite treatment with steroids, recurrent intussusception persisted, suggesting that HSP itself was not a major cause for intractable presentations. Subsequent identification of H. pylori infection and treatment with triple therapy resulted in complete resolution of her recalcitrant intussusception.
Conclusion: This instructive case underscored a sequence wherein H. pylori infection triggered HSP, subsequently resulting in recurrent intussusception. While H. pylori infection is not common in young children, the coexistence of intractable intussusception and steroid-resistant recurrent HSP necessitates consideration of H. pylori infection as a potential underlying pathogen.
{"title":"Recalcitrant intussusception: exploring potential associations with Helicobacter pylori infection - a case report and literature review.","authors":"Kuan-Chieh Wang, Chun-Hao Chu, Che-Ming Chiang, Fu-Ruei Zeng, Ching-Wen Huang, Chien-Ming Lin","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00621-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00621-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intussusception, a common cause of abdominal pain in children, often lacks clear underlying causes and is mostly idiopathic. Recurrence, though rare, raises clinical concerns, with rates escalating after each episode. Factors like pathological lead points and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) are associated with recurrent cases. On the other hand, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), often asymptomatic, in children has been declining. Although its infection is reported to be linked with HSP, its role in recurrent intussusception remains unexplored. Further research is needed to understand the interplay among H. pylori (culprit pathogen), HSP (trigger), and intractable intussusception so as to develop effective management strategies.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A two-year-old girl experienced four atypical episodes of intussusception at distinct locations, which later coincided with HSP. Despite treatment with steroids, recurrent intussusception persisted, suggesting that HSP itself was not a major cause for intractable presentations. Subsequent identification of H. pylori infection and treatment with triple therapy resulted in complete resolution of her recalcitrant intussusception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This instructive case underscored a sequence wherein H. pylori infection triggered HSP, subsequently resulting in recurrent intussusception. While H. pylori infection is not common in young children, the coexistence of intractable intussusception and steroid-resistant recurrent HSP necessitates consideration of H. pylori infection as a potential underlying pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-12DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00616-w
Elizabeth Y Yuu, Christoph Bührer, Tim Eckmanns, Marcus Fulde, Michaela Herz, Oliver Kurzai, Christin Lindstedt, Gianni Panagiotou, Vitor C Piro, Aleksandar Radonic, Bernhard Y Renard, Annicka Reuss, Sara Leal Siliceo, Nadja Thielemann, Andrea Thürmer, Kira van Vorst, Lothar H Wieler, Sebastian Haller
Background: Enhancing our understanding of the underlying influences of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm born infants holds significant potential for advancing infection prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a prospective quasi-intervention study to better understand how antibiotics, and probiotics, and other medical factors influence the gut development of preterm infants. A controlled neonatal mice model was conducted in parallel, designed to closely reflect and predict exposures. Preterm infants and neonatal mice were stratified into four groups: antibiotics only, probiotics only, antibiotics followed by probiotics, and none of these interventions. Stool samples from both preterm infants and neonatal mice were collected at varying time points and analyzed by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing, ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Results: The human infant microbiomes showed an unexpectedly high degree of heterogeneity. Little impact from medical exposure (antibiotics/probiotics) was observed on the strain patterns, however, Bifidobacterium bifidum was found more abundant after exposure to probiotics, regardless of prior antibiotic administration. Twenty-seven antibiotic resistant genes were identified in the resistome. High intra-variability was evident within the different treatment groups. Lastly, we found significant effects of antibiotics and probiotics on the mycobiome but not on the microbiome and resistome of preterm infants.
Conclusions: Although our analyses showed transient effects, these results provide positive motivation to continue the research on the effects of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm infants.
背景：加强我们对医疗干预对早产儿微生物组、抗药性组和霉菌生物组的潜在影响的了解，对于推进感染预防和治疗策略具有重大潜力。我们开展了一项前瞻性准干预研究，以更好地了解抗生素、益生菌和其他医疗因素如何影响早产儿的肠道发育。与此同时，我们还进行了一项对照新生儿小鼠模型试验，旨在密切反映和预测暴露情况。早产儿和新生小鼠被分为四组：仅使用抗生素组、仅使用益生菌组、先使用抗生素后使用益生菌组和未使用上述干预措施组。在不同的时间点收集早产儿和新生小鼠的粪便样本，并通过 16 S rRNA 扩增子测序、ITS 扩增子测序和全基因组枪式测序进行分析：结果：人类婴儿微生物组显示出意想不到的高度异质性。然而，无论之前是否服用过抗生素，双歧杆菌在服用益生菌后含量更高。耐药性基因组中发现了 27 个抗生素耐药基因。不同治疗组的内部变异性很明显。最后，我们发现抗生素和益生菌对早产儿的霉菌生物群有明显影响，但对微生物群和抗药性群没有影响：尽管我们的分析显示了短暂的影响，但这些结果为继续研究医疗干预对早产儿微生物组、抗药性组和霉菌生物组的影响提供了积极的动力。
{"title":"The gut microbiome, resistome, and mycobiome in preterm newborn infants and mouse pups: lack of lasting effects by antimicrobial therapy or probiotic prophylaxis.","authors":"Elizabeth Y Yuu, Christoph Bührer, Tim Eckmanns, Marcus Fulde, Michaela Herz, Oliver Kurzai, Christin Lindstedt, Gianni Panagiotou, Vitor C Piro, Aleksandar Radonic, Bernhard Y Renard, Annicka Reuss, Sara Leal Siliceo, Nadja Thielemann, Andrea Thürmer, Kira van Vorst, Lothar H Wieler, Sebastian Haller","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00616-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00616-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing our understanding of the underlying influences of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm born infants holds significant potential for advancing infection prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a prospective quasi-intervention study to better understand how antibiotics, and probiotics, and other medical factors influence the gut development of preterm infants. A controlled neonatal mice model was conducted in parallel, designed to closely reflect and predict exposures. Preterm infants and neonatal mice were stratified into four groups: antibiotics only, probiotics only, antibiotics followed by probiotics, and none of these interventions. Stool samples from both preterm infants and neonatal mice were collected at varying time points and analyzed by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing, ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The human infant microbiomes showed an unexpectedly high degree of heterogeneity. Little impact from medical exposure (antibiotics/probiotics) was observed on the strain patterns, however, Bifidobacterium bifidum was found more abundant after exposure to probiotics, regardless of prior antibiotic administration. Twenty-seven antibiotic resistant genes were identified in the resistome. High intra-variability was evident within the different treatment groups. Lastly, we found significant effects of antibiotics and probiotics on the mycobiome but not on the microbiome and resistome of preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although our analyses showed transient effects, these results provide positive motivation to continue the research on the effects of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00619-7
Yong Sung Kim, Tatsuya Unno, Seon-Young Park, Jin Ook Chung, Yoo-Duk Choi, Su-Mi Lee, Seong Hyun Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Young Do Jung
Background/aims: Bile reflux (BR) can influence the gastric environment by altering gastric acidity and possibly the gastric microbiota composition. This study investigated the correlation between bile acids and microbial compositions in the gastric juice of 50 subjects with differing gastric pathologies.
Methods: This study included 50 subjects, which were categorized into three groups based on the endoscopic BR grading system. The primary and secondary bile acid concentrations in gastric juice samples were measured, and microbiota profiling was conducted using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results: Significant differences were observed in each bile acid level in the three endoscopic BR groups (P < 0.05). The Shannon index demonstrated a significant decrease in the higher BR groups (P < 0.05). Analysis of the β-diversity revealed that BR significantly altered the gastric microbiota composition. The presence of neoplastic lesions and the presence of H. pylori infection impacted the β-diversity of the gastric juice microbiota. The abundance of the Streptococcus and Lancefielfdella genera exhibited positive correlations for almost all bile acid components(P < 0.05). In addition, the abundance of Slobacterium, Veillonella, and Schaalia showed positive correlations with primary unconjugated bile acids (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Changes in microbial diversity in the gastric juice were associated with BR presence in the stomach. This result suggests that the degree of BR should be considered when studying the gastric juice microbiome.
{"title":"Effect of bile reflux on gastric juice microbiota in patients with different histology phenotypes.","authors":"Yong Sung Kim, Tatsuya Unno, Seon-Young Park, Jin Ook Chung, Yoo-Duk Choi, Su-Mi Lee, Seong Hyun Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Young Do Jung","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00619-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00619-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Bile reflux (BR) can influence the gastric environment by altering gastric acidity and possibly the gastric microbiota composition. This study investigated the correlation between bile acids and microbial compositions in the gastric juice of 50 subjects with differing gastric pathologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 subjects, which were categorized into three groups based on the endoscopic BR grading system. The primary and secondary bile acid concentrations in gastric juice samples were measured, and microbiota profiling was conducted using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in each bile acid level in the three endoscopic BR groups (P < 0.05). The Shannon index demonstrated a significant decrease in the higher BR groups (P < 0.05). Analysis of the β-diversity revealed that BR significantly altered the gastric microbiota composition. The presence of neoplastic lesions and the presence of H. pylori infection impacted the β-diversity of the gastric juice microbiota. The abundance of the Streptococcus and Lancefielfdella genera exhibited positive correlations for almost all bile acid components(P < 0.05). In addition, the abundance of Slobacterium, Veillonella, and Schaalia showed positive correlations with primary unconjugated bile acids (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in microbial diversity in the gastric juice were associated with BR presence in the stomach. This result suggests that the degree of BR should be considered when studying the gastric juice microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11077708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00617-9
Sui Wang, Guan-Jun Kou, Xiao-Han Zhao, Gang Huang, Jue-Xin Wang, Lin Tian, Xiu-Li Zuo, Yan-Qing Li, Jia-Yong Wang, Yan-Bo Yu
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots, gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. Currently, most studies have investigated intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota, and there are few reports about mucosa-associated microbiota. It remains valuable to search for the key intestinal microbiota or abnormal metabolic pathways linked to PJS. This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with PJS and to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota disorders and metabolite changes on PJS. The bacterial composition was analyzed in 13 PJS patients and 12 controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for bacteria. Differential analyses of the intestinal microbiota were performed from the phylum to species level. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was used to detect the differentially abundant metabolites of PJS patients and controls to identify different metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of small intestinal mucosa samples. High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the mucosa microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls. The abundance of intestinal mucosal microflora was significantly lower than that of fecal microflora. In addition, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other pathways were significantly different from those of controls, which were associated with the development of the enteric nervous system, intestinal inflammation and development of tumors. This is the first report on the mucosa-associated microbiota and metabolite profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
{"title":"Altered mucosal bacteria and metabolomics in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome","authors":"Sui Wang, Guan-Jun Kou, Xiao-Han Zhao, Gang Huang, Jue-Xin Wang, Lin Tian, Xiu-Li Zuo, Yan-Qing Li, Jia-Yong Wang, Yan-Bo Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00617-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00617-9","url":null,"abstract":"Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots, gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. Currently, most studies have investigated intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota, and there are few reports about mucosa-associated microbiota. It remains valuable to search for the key intestinal microbiota or abnormal metabolic pathways linked to PJS. This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with PJS and to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota disorders and metabolite changes on PJS. The bacterial composition was analyzed in 13 PJS patients and 12 controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for bacteria. Differential analyses of the intestinal microbiota were performed from the phylum to species level. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was used to detect the differentially abundant metabolites of PJS patients and controls to identify different metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of small intestinal mucosa samples. High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the mucosa microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls. The abundance of intestinal mucosal microflora was significantly lower than that of fecal microflora. In addition, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other pathways were significantly different from those of controls, which were associated with the development of the enteric nervous system, intestinal inflammation and development of tumors. This is the first report on the mucosa-associated microbiota and metabolite profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal illness sometimes associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Screening and eradicating the bacterium reduces the risk of infection-related complications. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients and the effectiveness of triple eradication therapy at hospitals in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 48.5%. The H. pylori eradication rate using first-line triple therapy was 83.8%. Eradication therapy failure is associated with previous exposure compared to no exposure (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.37–10.97), a regimen for 10-days compared to 14-days (AOR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.42–11.55), and self-reported side effects compared to no report (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.12–5.97). Based on Morisky-eight scale 230 (79.0%) patients were adherent to their triple therapy. Participants with no reports of adverse effects showed increased odds of adherence to triple therapy compared to those who had reports (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29–4.62). This study demonstrated that about half of adult dyspeptic patients were infected with H. pylori, and moderate eradication was observed. Factors such as previous history of eradication therapy, duration of the eradication regimen, and perception of potential adverse effects are associated with eradication rate and should be considered during the initiation of eradication therapy.
{"title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and effectiveness of first-line triple eradication therapy among dyspeptic patients at hospitals in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional follow-up study","authors":"Sintayehu Fekadu, Seyife Kibru, Sisay Tesfaye, Tariku Egeno, Alemu Tamiso, Hizkel Engiso, Serawit Deyno","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00618-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00618-8","url":null,"abstract":"Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal illness sometimes associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Screening and eradicating the bacterium reduces the risk of infection-related complications. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients and the effectiveness of triple eradication therapy at hospitals in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 48.5%. The H. pylori eradication rate using first-line triple therapy was 83.8%. Eradication therapy failure is associated with previous exposure compared to no exposure (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.37–10.97), a regimen for 10-days compared to 14-days (AOR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.42–11.55), and self-reported side effects compared to no report (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.12–5.97). Based on Morisky-eight scale 230 (79.0%) patients were adherent to their triple therapy. Participants with no reports of adverse effects showed increased odds of adherence to triple therapy compared to those who had reports (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29–4.62). This study demonstrated that about half of adult dyspeptic patients were infected with H. pylori, and moderate eradication was observed. Factors such as previous history of eradication therapy, duration of the eradication regimen, and perception of potential adverse effects are associated with eradication rate and should be considered during the initiation of eradication therapy.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00615-x
Lin Chen, Yue Zhu, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Liying Chen
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported to be associated with multiple metabolic diseases. However, the connection between H. pylori infection and gout has not been explored previously. Our study aimed to investigate the association of gout and H. pylori infection in hyperuricemia population in China. This cross-sectional study was performed among the subjects who underwent health checkup in our health promotion center from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. A total of 53,629 subjects with a mean age of 44.2 years were included in this study. H. pylori infection was defined as a positive [13]C-urea breath test. The effect of H. pylori infection on gout was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. 720 subjects with gout and 15,077 subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (> 420 µmol/L in male and > 360 µmol/L in female) were enrolled. The prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, hyperuricemia and gout were 26.3%, 29.5%, 1.3%, respectively. The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in subjects with gout than in those with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (35.0% vs. 27.2%; P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of gout independent of serum uric acid level in hyperuricemia population (odds ratio [OR]: 1.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.124–1.550, P = 0.001). H. pylori infection is positively associated with higher risk of gout in hyperuricemia population. The causal relationship and potential mechanism between H. pylori infection and gout warrants further investigation.
{"title":"The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk for gout in hyperuricemia patients in China – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Lin Chen, Yue Zhu, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Liying Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00615-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00615-x","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported to be associated with multiple metabolic diseases. However, the connection between H. pylori infection and gout has not been explored previously. Our study aimed to investigate the association of gout and H. pylori infection in hyperuricemia population in China. This cross-sectional study was performed among the subjects who underwent health checkup in our health promotion center from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. A total of 53,629 subjects with a mean age of 44.2 years were included in this study. H. pylori infection was defined as a positive [13]C-urea breath test. The effect of H. pylori infection on gout was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. 720 subjects with gout and 15,077 subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (> 420 µmol/L in male and > 360 µmol/L in female) were enrolled. The prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, hyperuricemia and gout were 26.3%, 29.5%, 1.3%, respectively. The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in subjects with gout than in those with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (35.0% vs. 27.2%; P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of gout independent of serum uric acid level in hyperuricemia population (odds ratio [OR]: 1.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.124–1.550, P = 0.001). H. pylori infection is positively associated with higher risk of gout in hyperuricemia population. The causal relationship and potential mechanism between H. pylori infection and gout warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00599-8
Tintu Varghese, James A. Platts Mills, R. Revathi, Sebastien Antoni, Heidi M. Soeters, Tondo Opute Emmanuel Njambe, Eric R. Houpt, Jacqueline E. Tate, Umesh D. Parashar, Gagandeep Kang
Malnourished children are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity following diarrheal illness and certain enteropathogens have been associated with malnutrition in children. Very few studies have comprehensively looked at the etiology of diarrhea in malnourished children and most have used conventional diagnostic methods with suboptimal sensitivity. We used a highly sensitive molecular approach against a broad range of pathogens causing diarrhea and examined their association with malnutrition. In addition, we looked at the pathogen diversity of pediatric diarrhea, three years after the nationwide rotavirus vaccine introduction to understand the evolving landscape of pathogens, which is crucial for planning strategies to further reduce the diarrhea burden. Clinical details and diarrheal stool samples were collected from hospitalized children aged < 5 years from three sentinel sites in India for a period of one year. The samples were tested by qPCR for 16 established causes of diarrhea using TaqMan Array Cards. A total of 772 children were enrolled, from whom 482 (62.4%) stool specimens were tested. No specific pathogen was associated with diarrhea among children with acute or chronic malnutrition compared to those with better nutritional status. Overall, adenovirus was the leading pathogen (attributable fraction (AF) 16.9%; 95% CI 14.1 to 19.2) followed by rotavirus (AF 12.6%; 95% CI 11.8 to 13.1) and Shigella (AF 10.9%; 95% CI 8.4 to 16.4). The majority of diarrhea requiring hospitalization in children aged < 2 years could be attributed to viruses, while Shigella was the most common pathogen among children aged > 2 years. These data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identified potential pathogens for public health interventions.
{"title":"Etiology of diarrheal hospitalizations following rotavirus vaccine implementation and association of enteric pathogens with malnutrition among under-five children in India","authors":"Tintu Varghese, James A. Platts Mills, R. Revathi, Sebastien Antoni, Heidi M. Soeters, Tondo Opute Emmanuel Njambe, Eric R. Houpt, Jacqueline E. Tate, Umesh D. Parashar, Gagandeep Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00599-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00599-8","url":null,"abstract":"Malnourished children are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity following diarrheal illness and certain enteropathogens have been associated with malnutrition in children. Very few studies have comprehensively looked at the etiology of diarrhea in malnourished children and most have used conventional diagnostic methods with suboptimal sensitivity. We used a highly sensitive molecular approach against a broad range of pathogens causing diarrhea and examined their association with malnutrition. In addition, we looked at the pathogen diversity of pediatric diarrhea, three years after the nationwide rotavirus vaccine introduction to understand the evolving landscape of pathogens, which is crucial for planning strategies to further reduce the diarrhea burden. Clinical details and diarrheal stool samples were collected from hospitalized children aged < 5 years from three sentinel sites in India for a period of one year. The samples were tested by qPCR for 16 established causes of diarrhea using TaqMan Array Cards. A total of 772 children were enrolled, from whom 482 (62.4%) stool specimens were tested. No specific pathogen was associated with diarrhea among children with acute or chronic malnutrition compared to those with better nutritional status. Overall, adenovirus was the leading pathogen (attributable fraction (AF) 16.9%; 95% CI 14.1 to 19.2) followed by rotavirus (AF 12.6%; 95% CI 11.8 to 13.1) and Shigella (AF 10.9%; 95% CI 8.4 to 16.4). The majority of diarrhea requiring hospitalization in children aged < 2 years could be attributed to viruses, while Shigella was the most common pathogen among children aged > 2 years. These data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identified potential pathogens for public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decade, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has detrimental consequences on swine industry, due to severe outbreaks especially in the suckling piglets. In March 2013, an outbreak was reported on a commercial swine farm in Guangdong Province, Southern China. A wild-type PEDV strain named as CHYJ130330 was identified, complete genome was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession no. KJ020932). The molecular epidemiological including evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity assessment were explored during this study with particular interest and focus to develop this candidate strain for new vaccine. The isolates from China pre- and post-2013 shared 96.5–97.2% and 97–99% nt identity respectively with wild-type CHYJ130330 strain which during experimental studies has demonstrated high virulence and 100% mortality in 104 TCID50 group piglets within 5 days. The 22 reference strains selected from other parts of the world shared 98–99% identity with our sequence except Chinese (CV777) and S. Korean (vir.DR13, SM98 and atten.DR13) strains sharing 96.8, 97.6, 96.6 and 97.1% identity respectively. The phylogenetic tree revealed most strains reported after 2013 in GII genogroup while the prototype (CV777), S.korean and earlier Chinese (JS2008, 85-7mutant, Atten.vaccine, SD-M, LZC and CH/S) were GI Group. The amino acid sequence of CHYJ130330 E and M protein is highly conserved while ORF3 and N protein having 9 and 17 amino acid substitutions respectively in comparison to CV777 strain. The comparison of full length genome and the structural proteins revealed variations signifying that PEDV variant strains are still the main source of outbreaks in spite of continuous vaccination and also explain the variable trend of large scale outbreaks during this decade as compared to sporadic tendency of disease found before 2010. It is evident from this study that Chinese strains display significant level of mixing with the strains reported from other countries. The strain CHYJ130330 was also adapted successfully to Vero cell line and has shown high virulence in piglets. The information/findings will be helpful to develop a strategy for control of PEDV and have also shown that CHYJ130330 strain has strong virulence and is a more popular clinical strain in recent years, which has the potential to be developed into PEDV vaccine.
{"title":"Genetic evolution and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in and outside China with reference to a wild type virulent genotype CHYJ130330 reported from Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Mudassar Mohiuddin, Shengchao Deng, Lisai Zhu, Guiping Wang, Aiqing Jia","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00597-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00597-w","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has detrimental consequences on swine industry, due to severe outbreaks especially in the suckling piglets. In March 2013, an outbreak was reported on a commercial swine farm in Guangdong Province, Southern China. A wild-type PEDV strain named as CHYJ130330 was identified, complete genome was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession no. KJ020932). The molecular epidemiological including evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity assessment were explored during this study with particular interest and focus to develop this candidate strain for new vaccine. The isolates from China pre- and post-2013 shared 96.5–97.2% and 97–99% nt identity respectively with wild-type CHYJ130330 strain which during experimental studies has demonstrated high virulence and 100% mortality in 104 TCID50 group piglets within 5 days. The 22 reference strains selected from other parts of the world shared 98–99% identity with our sequence except Chinese (CV777) and S. Korean (vir.DR13, SM98 and atten.DR13) strains sharing 96.8, 97.6, 96.6 and 97.1% identity respectively. The phylogenetic tree revealed most strains reported after 2013 in GII genogroup while the prototype (CV777), S.korean and earlier Chinese (JS2008, 85-7mutant, Atten.vaccine, SD-M, LZC and CH/S) were GI Group. The amino acid sequence of CHYJ130330 E and M protein is highly conserved while ORF3 and N protein having 9 and 17 amino acid substitutions respectively in comparison to CV777 strain. The comparison of full length genome and the structural proteins revealed variations signifying that PEDV variant strains are still the main source of outbreaks in spite of continuous vaccination and also explain the variable trend of large scale outbreaks during this decade as compared to sporadic tendency of disease found before 2010. It is evident from this study that Chinese strains display significant level of mixing with the strains reported from other countries. The strain CHYJ130330 was also adapted successfully to Vero cell line and has shown high virulence in piglets. The information/findings will be helpful to develop a strategy for control of PEDV and have also shown that CHYJ130330 strain has strong virulence and is a more popular clinical strain in recent years, which has the potential to be developed into PEDV vaccine.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00614-y
François P. Douillard, Yağmur Derman, Ching Jian, Katri Korpela, Harri Saxén, Anne Salonen, Willem M. de Vos, Hannu Korkeala, Miia Lindström
Intestinal botulism is primarily reported in small babies as a condition known as infant botulism. The condition results from the ingestion of environmental or foodborne spores of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) producing Clostridia, usually Clostridium botulinum, and subsequent spore germination into active botulinum neurotoxinogenic cultures in the gut. It is generally considered that small babies are susceptible to C. botulinum colonization because of their immature gut microbiota. Yet, it is poorly understood which host factors contribute to the clinical outcome of intestinal botulism. We previously reported a case of infant botulism where the infant recovered clinically in six weeks but continued to secrete C. botulinum cells and/or BoNT in the feces for seven months. To further understand the microbial ecology behind this exceptionally long-lasting botulinum neurotoxinogenic colonization, we characterized the infant fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing over the course of disease and recovery. C. botulinum could be detected in the infant fecal samples at low levels through the acute phase of the disease and three months after recovery. Overall, we observed a temporal delay in the maturation of the infant fecal microbiota associated with a persistently high-level bifidobacterial population and a low level of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae compared to healthy infants over time. This study brings novel insights into the infant fecal composition associated with intestinal botulism and provides a basis for a more systematic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants diagnosed with botulism. A better understanding of the gut microbial ecology associated with infant botulism may support the development of prophylactic strategies against this life-threatening disease in small babies.
{"title":"Case report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism","authors":"François P. Douillard, Yağmur Derman, Ching Jian, Katri Korpela, Harri Saxén, Anne Salonen, Willem M. de Vos, Hannu Korkeala, Miia Lindström","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00614-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00614-y","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal botulism is primarily reported in small babies as a condition known as infant botulism. The condition results from the ingestion of environmental or foodborne spores of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) producing Clostridia, usually Clostridium botulinum, and subsequent spore germination into active botulinum neurotoxinogenic cultures in the gut. It is generally considered that small babies are susceptible to C. botulinum colonization because of their immature gut microbiota. Yet, it is poorly understood which host factors contribute to the clinical outcome of intestinal botulism. We previously reported a case of infant botulism where the infant recovered clinically in six weeks but continued to secrete C. botulinum cells and/or BoNT in the feces for seven months. To further understand the microbial ecology behind this exceptionally long-lasting botulinum neurotoxinogenic colonization, we characterized the infant fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing over the course of disease and recovery. C. botulinum could be detected in the infant fecal samples at low levels through the acute phase of the disease and three months after recovery. Overall, we observed a temporal delay in the maturation of the infant fecal microbiota associated with a persistently high-level bifidobacterial population and a low level of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae compared to healthy infants over time. This study brings novel insights into the infant fecal composition associated with intestinal botulism and provides a basis for a more systematic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants diagnosed with botulism. A better understanding of the gut microbial ecology associated with infant botulism may support the development of prophylactic strategies against this life-threatening disease in small babies.","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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