{"title":"Constitutional Design, Rule of Law and Mutual Recognition in the Czech Republic","authors":"Ivo Šlosarčík","doi":"10.33067/se.1.2019.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2019.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121127568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the concept of solidarity in the context of the current refugee crisis. Specifi cally, employing the Discourse-Historical Approach, it explores how solidarity is constructed in the discourse of the EU and in two member states, in Poland and in the Czech Republic which have been very critical of the EUropean approach to refugees from the beginning of the refugee crisis in 2015. As the fi ndings suggest, relocations seem to be the only contested aspect of a more complex solution. On all other initiatives, there is an agreement between the EU and Poland and the Czech Republic even though the discourse might seem escalated at fi rst sight. Moreover, drawing on the theoretical overview, the balancing of solidarity as a value with national interests and focus on security seems to be in line with the theoretical conceptualisation of international solidarity.
{"title":"Construction of Solidarity: Czech and Polish Approach to Refugees in the EU Context","authors":"Markéta Votoupalová","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the concept of solidarity in the context of the current refugee crisis. Specifi cally, employing the Discourse-Historical Approach, it explores how solidarity is constructed in the discourse of the EU and in two member states, in Poland and in the Czech Republic which have been very critical of the EUropean approach to refugees from the beginning of the refugee crisis in 2015. As the fi ndings suggest, relocations seem to be the only contested aspect of a more complex solution. On all other initiatives, there is an agreement between the EU and Poland and the Czech Republic even though the discourse might seem escalated at fi rst sight. Moreover, drawing on the theoretical overview, the balancing of solidarity as a value with national interests and focus on security seems to be in line with the theoretical conceptualisation of international solidarity.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126007783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of the article is to analyze the demographic situation of the Czech Republic and to present the prospects for Czech demography in the coming years. The text is divided into sections related to the most important components of the demographic situation population size and factors that infl uenced it in the past (e.g. the baby boom phenomenon), live births, the structure of the aging society in the Czech Republic ( there are more people aged 65+ than in the age group 0-14), deaths (caused largely by cancer and cardiovascular diseases). An important part of the analysis is the problem of external migration. The article was prepared on the basis of data from the Statistical Yearbook (Statisticka Rocenka Česke Republiký), published by Český Statistický Úřad (CSU). The text ends with conclusions and recommendations on demography. The author believes that the demographic problems of the Czech Republic are part of the overall demographic problems of the European Union, such as the low fertility rate (TFR), which is still far from the simple replacement of the generations. The result is an ageing European population, which will have a negative impact on the economy, social systems and external policies.
本文的主要目的是分析捷克共和国的人口状况，并提出捷克人口在未来几年的前景。正文分为几个部分，涉及人口状况的最重要组成部分——人口规模和过去影响人口规模的因素(如婴儿潮现象)、活产、捷克共和国老龄化社会的结构(65岁以上的人比0-14岁年龄组的人多)、死亡(主要由癌症和心血管疾病造成)。分析的一个重要部分是外部迁移问题。本文是根据Český Statistický Úřad (CSU)出版的《统计年鉴》(Statisticka Rocenka Česke Republiký)的数据编写的。文章最后对人口学问题提出了结论和建议。笔者认为，捷克共和国的人口问题是欧盟整体人口问题的一部分，例如低生育率(TFR)，这还远远不是简单的代际更替。其结果是欧洲人口老龄化，这将对经济、社会制度和对外政策产生负面影响。
{"title":"Demographic Situation of the Czech Republic – The Current Situation and the Main Goals for the Future","authors":"A. Molinski","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.07","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the article is to analyze the demographic situation of the Czech Republic and to present the prospects for Czech demography in the coming years. The text is divided into sections related to the most important components of the demographic situation population size and factors that infl uenced it in the past (e.g. the baby boom phenomenon), live births, the structure of the aging society in the Czech Republic ( there are more people aged 65+ than in the age group 0-14), deaths (caused largely by cancer and cardiovascular diseases). An important part of the analysis is the problem of external migration. The article was prepared on the basis of data from the Statistical Yearbook (Statisticka Rocenka Česke Republiký), published by Český Statistický Úřad (CSU). The text ends with conclusions and recommendations on demography. The author believes that the demographic problems of the Czech Republic are part of the overall demographic problems of the European Union, such as the low fertility rate (TFR), which is still far from the simple replacement of the generations. The result is an ageing European population, which will have a negative impact on the economy, social systems and external policies.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115371012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the cohesion policy is to accelerate the socio-economic development of Member States and their regions. Poland as well as its closest neighbour, the Czech Republic, have benefi ted from structural funds and the Cohesion Fund. The effects of provided aid have already become apparent but they differ given the scale of problems, including regional issues existing in these countries, and the amount of funds allocated. The aim of the article is to present the directions and the effects of the implementation of the cohesion policy in Poland and the Czech Republic with particular focus on the fi nancial perspective of 2007–2013. The results of the evaluation of programmes for the years 2007–2013 show that EU funds are mostly spent on transport infrastructure. However, the support of entrepreneurship and innovation and human capital should be an important objective in the current programming perspective in order to transform and modernise the structure of economies.
{"title":"Cohesion Policy in Poland and in the Czech Republic – Challenges and Prospects","authors":"M. Dziembała","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the cohesion policy is to accelerate the socio-economic development of Member States and their regions. Poland as well as its closest neighbour, the Czech Republic, have benefi ted from structural funds and the Cohesion Fund. The effects of provided aid have already become apparent but they differ given the scale of problems, including regional issues existing in these countries, and the amount of funds allocated. The aim of the article is to present the directions and the effects of the implementation of the cohesion policy in Poland and the Czech Republic with particular focus on the fi nancial perspective of 2007–2013. The results of the evaluation of programmes for the years 2007–2013 show that EU funds are mostly spent on transport infrastructure. However, the support of entrepreneurship and innovation and human capital should be an important objective in the current programming perspective in order to transform and modernise the structure of economies.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is no doubt that the strategic international environment is subject to extremely dynamic changes today. Relative stabilization in Europe built and won as a result of democratic changes following the Cold War era, is being replacedin many areas by destabilization. New challenges are gaining importance and threats. Worth mentioning are: unpredictable political changes, terrorism, cyberthreats, assymetric challenges causing tensions, climate changes, and in the social sphere: especially migrations and demographics. Uncertainty is growing, risks are increasing both in global dimension and regional, which affects the situation of Poland and neighboring countries. The uncertainty and unpredictability is now the key factor in development of relationships between different actors in the international environment.
{"title":"Strategic International Environment – Is Europe Ready for a New Concert of the Superpowers? Central European Perspectives","authors":"Ł. Polinceusz","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.09","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that the strategic international environment is subject to extremely dynamic changes today. Relative stabilization in Europe built and won as a result of democratic changes following the Cold War era, is being replacedin many areas by destabilization. New challenges are gaining importance and threats. Worth mentioning are: unpredictable political changes, terrorism, cyberthreats, assymetric challenges causing tensions, climate changes, and in the social sphere: especially migrations and demographics. Uncertainty is growing, risks are increasing both in global dimension and regional, which affects the situation of Poland and neighboring countries. The uncertainty and unpredictability is now the key factor in development of relationships between different actors in the international environment.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126283776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article gives a practical overview of the legal aspect of European identity and the role it plays in the EU Law. It analyses the mutual relationship and legal function of two concepts of European Union Law: national identity and European identity. It also summarises the functioning of national identity concepts in Czech and Polish constitutional practice and compares it with practice in the European Union.
{"title":"National and European Identity – Opposing or Complementary Concepts in Czech, Polish and EU Law?","authors":"Jana Plaňavová-Latanowicz","doi":"10.33067/se.1.2019.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2019.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives a practical overview of the legal aspect of European identity and the role it plays in the EU Law. It analyses the mutual relationship and legal function of two concepts of European Union Law: national identity and European identity. It also summarises the functioning of national identity concepts in Czech and Polish constitutional practice and compares it with practice in the European Union.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115156507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnopolitics of the Ukrainian State (April–December 1918) has for a long period of time remained beyond the scope of historical-political research. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the policy of the Ukrainian authorities towards national minorities in Ukraine. By relying on little-known historical sources and summarizing the elaborations of various scientists, the author tried to show how the ethnonational policy was really being implemented in the Ukrainian State and why the Ukrainian-Russian relations had become a decisive factor in interethnic processes. Furthermore, at the beginning of the XXI century the interethnic and interstate relations of Ukraine continue to remain
{"title":"Ethnopolitics of the Ukrainian State in Historical and Political Science Discourses","authors":"Yurii Ladnyi","doi":"10.33067/se.1.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnopolitics of the Ukrainian State (April–December 1918) has for a long period of time remained beyond the scope of historical-political research. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the policy of the Ukrainian authorities towards national minorities in Ukraine. By relying on little-known historical sources and summarizing the elaborations of various scientists, the author tried to show how the ethnonational policy was really being implemented in the Ukrainian State and why the Ukrainian-Russian relations had become a decisive factor in interethnic processes. Furthermore, at the beginning of the XXI century the interethnic and interstate relations of Ukraine continue to remain","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131811609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foreign policy is not only a reaction to the world as it is, but it also attempts to build a world as it should be. The European Union, being an actor on the international scene, grounds its external action in conceptions of the necessity of multilateralism and in building postmodern (postWestphalian) notions ofstate sovereignty. These elements are an inherent part of the Union’s “foreign policy/identity nexus”. The identity is reinforced by signifi cant “Others”, who do not share the EU’s view of the ideal world order. The Donald Trump administration’s reluctance and even repudiation of multilateral solutions is a challenge for the operationalization of the EU’s “foreign policy/identity nexus” and thus the US is currently in the position of the Union’s constitutive “Other”. However, while we would expect that this development would reinforce the EU’s external action identity, the Trump presidency has at the same time empowered antiglobalist and sovereigntist forces in Europe, which will drive wedges into EU foreign policy and cause further incoherence, especially along the new/ old member state divide.
{"title":"Transatlantic “Othering”: European External Action Identity and the Trump Administration","authors":"Jan Hornát","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign policy is not only a reaction to the world as it is, but it also attempts to build a world as it should be. The European Union, being an actor on the international scene, grounds its external action in conceptions of the necessity of multilateralism and in building postmodern (postWestphalian) notions ofstate sovereignty. These elements are an inherent part of the Union’s “foreign policy/identity nexus”. The identity is reinforced by signifi cant “Others”, who do not share the EU’s view of the ideal world order. The Donald Trump administration’s reluctance and even repudiation of multilateral solutions is a challenge for the operationalization of the EU’s “foreign policy/identity nexus” and thus the US is currently in the position of the Union’s constitutive “Other”. However, while we would expect that this development would reinforce the EU’s external action identity, the Trump presidency has at the same time empowered antiglobalist and sovereigntist forces in Europe, which will drive wedges into EU foreign policy and cause further incoherence, especially along the new/ old member state divide.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130573879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhanced cooperation (originally closer cooperation) was inserted into the EU institutional and legal system by the Amsterdam Treaty in a response to political calls for establishment of a mechanism that would allow for deeper integration of only some Member States (“coalitions of the willing”) in the ever-enlarging EU. As such, this step meant a break with the unity dogma the European integration had been traditionally built upon and provided for institutionalised differentiation in the EU. Redesigned by both the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon, enhanced cooperation has materialized in 5 cases since 2010. Apart from that, possibility of a recourse to enhanced cooperation has played a role in negotiation strategies within the EU decision-making process and in refl ections on the future of the EU. While enhanced cooperation is not a magic panacea to divergences of opinions on the European integration between individual Member States, in particular, middle-sized and small Member States including the Czech Republic shall not underestimate the potential this mechanism might have.
{"title":"Enhanced Cooperation in the EU: Its Evolution and Position of the Czech Republic","authors":"Jan Malíř","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.05","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced cooperation (originally closer cooperation) was inserted into the EU institutional and legal system by the Amsterdam Treaty in a response to political calls for establishment of a mechanism that would allow for deeper integration of only some Member States (“coalitions of the willing”) in the ever-enlarging EU. As such, this step meant a break with the unity dogma the European integration had been traditionally built upon and provided for institutionalised differentiation in the EU. Redesigned by both the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon, enhanced cooperation has materialized in 5 cases since 2010. Apart from that, possibility of a recourse to enhanced cooperation has played a role in negotiation strategies within the EU decision-making process and in refl ections on the future of the EU. While enhanced cooperation is not a magic panacea to divergences of opinions on the European integration between individual Member States, in particular, middle-sized and small Member States including the Czech Republic shall not underestimate the potential this mechanism might have.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115968067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay tries to discuss three possible models of common European identity based on shared political values, shared economic interests and shared cultural heritage in our actual situation when Europe is suffering from many crises or their aftermaths (Eurozone crisis, migration crisis or Brexit crisis). The fi rst non-exclusive “thin” identity model is based on many essentially contested concepts (in the essay demonstrated on the concept of human dignity) and its major weakness lies in the fact that many of these values are eroding in our practices, not only in the “new” EU member states. The approach based on shared pragmatic interests does not produce strong moral commitments, but the real problem of this model is that since the beginning of 1970s one of the truly European “innovations” – its post-war model of welfare state – is put into question (The essay tries to demonstrate it using the theory of Wolfgang Streeck). The common cultural heritage model that can produce “thick” identity is on the fi rst sight the most diffi cult to build because of the almost insurmountable plurality between European cultures. However, the shared culture can produce cosmopolitan “identity in diversity”, but only if material conditions for the creation of this “fragile” or “delicate” identity model are created in some form of reinvented welfare state that could liberate us from many fears we have.
{"title":"European Identity in Times of Crisis","authors":"Michal Šejvl","doi":"10.33067/SE.1.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"This essay tries to discuss three possible models of common European identity based on shared political values, shared economic interests and shared cultural heritage in our actual situation when Europe is suffering from many crises or their aftermaths (Eurozone crisis, migration crisis or Brexit crisis). The fi rst non-exclusive “thin” identity model is based on many essentially contested concepts (in the essay demonstrated on the concept of human dignity) and its major weakness lies in the fact that many of these values are eroding in our practices, not only in the “new” EU member states. The approach based on shared pragmatic interests does not produce strong moral commitments, but the real problem of this model is that since the beginning of 1970s one of the truly European “innovations” – its post-war model of welfare state – is put into question (The essay tries to demonstrate it using the theory of Wolfgang Streeck). The common cultural heritage model that can produce “thick” identity is on the fi rst sight the most diffi cult to build because of the almost insurmountable plurality between European cultures. However, the shared culture can produce cosmopolitan “identity in diversity”, but only if material conditions for the creation of this “fragile” or “delicate” identity model are created in some form of reinvented welfare state that could liberate us from many fears we have.","PeriodicalId":128406,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs","volume":"12 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134298575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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