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Background: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic communication skills of nursing students, examine their experiences of communication during care, and evaluate the views of patients and their relatives.

Methods: This study was designed using the convergent parallel mixed method and was conducted in Türkiye. The therapeutic communication skills of 112 nursing students were examined using the Therapeutic Communication Skills Scale. Qualitative data were obtained in focus group interviews with 18 nursing students and in individual interviews with 10 patients and 10 of their relatives. Number, percentage, mean ± standard deviation and minimum-maximum values were calculated from the quantitative data. The thematic method was used to analyze the qualitative data.

Results: The mean scores of the 112 nursing students for Therapeutic Communication Skills 1 (reflecting, summarizing, restating, verbalizing the implied, focusing, and stating the observed) and Therapeutic Communication Skills 2 (active listening, offering self, and asking questions) were 26.18 ± 6.52 and 15.68 ± 3.03, respectively. The mean score for non-Therapeutic Communication Skills (warning, downplaying emotions, advising, vague reassurance/cliché response, changing the subject, defending, and judging) was 18.59 ± 7.60. As a result of the analysis of the qualitative data, three main themes emerged: "challenges in mastering and applying therapeutic communication", "the positive impact of therapeutic communication", and the "patients' and relatives' views of the nursing students' communication skills".

Conclusion: Despite challenges in applying therapeutic communication techniques, this study highlights the benefits of doing so for both patients/relatives and nursing students. Nevertheless, since the individual and cultural factors affecting the results of this study could not be controlled, further studies in different cultures and further studies are needed. On the basis of the results of this study, educators should support the internalization of students' communication skills by employing methods such as simulated patients, standardized patients, and peer education. It is recommended that the knowledge and skills of nurses working with students in clinical settings be improved to ensure they are able to serve as adequate role models.

This article evaluates the prospects for rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a means of optimizing water management in the Mandara Mountains. RWH is a small-scale water conservation approach for locally intercepting and storing rainfall before it enters the usual hydrologic cycle. This ancient practice has recently sustained lives in semiarid areas of the world (e.g. Brazil, China), but is not yet really used in the Mandara Mountains of Cameroon where people are still lacking safe drinking water. Recently, RWH was also demonstrated as the missing puzzle in integrated water resources management (IWRM) not only in areas facing water scarcity. The present article aims to prepare large scale RWH in the Mandara Mountains. Water harvesting yields are estimated for residential roofs, administrative and confessional buildings, and agricultural areas (e.g. farm scale). The results show that RWH is an affordable, applicable, and attractive tool for both rural and urban communities to sustainably solve the long-lasting problem of lack of safe drinking water in the Mandara Mountains. Moreover, despite the short rainy season, RWH may provide enough irrigation water to mitigate dry spells and increase agricultural and livestock productivity. This study is regarded as a blueprint for planning sustainable water management in the Mandara Mountains.

Improving human health and comfort in buildings requires efficient temperature regulation. Temperature control system has a significant contribution in minimizing the impact of climate change. Temperature control system is used in industry to control temperature. The polar form of complex Pythagorean fuzzy set is a limited notion because when decision makers take the value for membership degree as $0.71+\iota 0.81$ then we can observe that the basic condition for complex Pythagorean fuzzy set fails to hold that is $r=\sqrt{{0.71}^2+{0.81}^2}=1.3661\notin \left[0,1\right]$ . Moreover, we can observe that the Cartesian form of a complex Pythagorean fuzzy set is also a limited notion because it can never discus advance data. Hence keeping in mind these limitations of the existing notions, in this article, we have explored the Cartesian form of a complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set. Moreover, we have developed the Yager operational laws based on a Cartesian form of complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set. We have introduced aggregation theory named complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Yager weighted average and complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Yager weighted geometric aggregation operators in Cartesian form. Based on these aggregation operators, we have initiated a multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) approach to define the reliability and authenticity of the developed theory. Furthermore, we have utilized this device algorithm in the selection of a temperature control system. The comparative study of the delivered approach shows the advancement and superiority of the delivered approach.

Idesia polycarpa Maxim. is valued for its high oil yield, which fruit has high oil content and good health effects. However, the large amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil is easily oxidized, and its storage intolerance has seriously restricted its marketing. In order to slow down the oxidation rate of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil, this study found that the most effective single antioxidant was rosemary extract through the screening of seven different natural antioxidants. The experiments were designed using the response surface method to compound three individual natural antioxidants with good anti-oxidative effects, namely rosemary extract, tea polyphenol palmitate, and ascorbic acid palmitate. A comprehensive model was established to determine the optimal anti-oxidative compound formulation, which was found to be 0.45 g/kg of rosemary extract +0.21 g/kg of tea polyphenol palmitate. The effectiveness of the best compounded natural antioxidants under simulated frying temperature (160 °C) was then examined. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of the compound formulation was significantly increased, and the generation of secondary oxidation products was inhibited and the loss of unsaturated fatty acids was reduced. Therefore, the compound antioxidant-added Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil not only showed good storage resistance, but also improved the safety of use under high temperature environment. The results of this study significantly improved the oxidative stability of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil, provided a theoretical basis for replacing synthetic antioxidants, promoted the industrial development of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil and expanded other applications.

This paper introduces a methodology for handling different types of uncertainties during robust optimization. In real-world industrial optimization problems, many types of uncertainties emerge, e.g., inaccurate setting of control variables, and the parameters of the system model are usually not known precisely. For these reasons, the global optimum considering the nominal values of the parameters may not give the best performance in practice. This paper presents a widely usable sampling-based methodology by improving the Particle Filter Optimization (PFO) algorithm. Case studies on benchmark functions and even on a practical example of a styrene reactor are introduced to verify the applicability of the proposed method on finding robust optimum, and show how the users can tune this algorithm according to their requirement. The results verify that the proposed method is able to find robust optimums efficiently under parameter and decision variable uncertainties, as well.

Sargassum brown seaweed (Sargassum ilicifolium) is reported to exhibit several biological activities that promote human health, but it does not have the ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperatures and oxygen exposure. Encapsulation of Sargassum ilicifolium extraction through different techniques is known to, optimize physicochemical properties, biological activities, maintain stability, and is an effective way to improve the shelf life of different foods. In the present study, the encapsulation of SIE was carried out by the freeze-drying method using maltodextrin, whey protein isolate (WPI), and chitosan. The bioactive compound of SIE, encapsulation efficiency, and the structural properties of microparticles were analyzed. The evaluations indicated carotenoid (0.77 ± 0.22 mg/g), phenol (0.12 ± 0.02 mg/mL), and flavonoid compounds (4.03 ± 0.28 mg GA/Eg) in the extract, respectively. According to the results, the mixtures of algae extracts prepared with the combination of WPI and MD were more stable and had a lower viscosity than the other treatments. The highest (99.26 %) and lowest (13.41 %) encapsulation efficiencies were obtained for WPI (30 %), MD (70 %), with a 1:12 ratio of SI to wall, and chitosan, with a 1:8 ratio of SI to wall, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the entrapment of the SIE in the beads. Finally, the improved stability and solubility characteristics of the SIE powder, which is based on WPI and maltodextin, indicate its potential for use as a potent functional food additive.

The increasing impact of climate change and growing consumer interest in healthful foods have forced a reconsideration of indigenous plants as sustainable food resources. Parinari curatellifolia, popularly known as Mobola plum, is a prominent African underutilized plant whose natural habitat stretches from West to Southern Africa. It is an important source of food and ethnomedicines across Africa, a status boosted by the rich content of nutrients and phytochemicals in its different plant parts. Extracts from the different parts of the P. curatellifolia plant, which include leaves, pulp, seed, and whole fruit, have exhibited a broad range of health benefits, promoting its valorization into value-added products that are being marketed globally. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on P. curatellifolia, critically discussing its nutritional composition, bioactive phytochemicals, biological activities, safety and allergenicity, application in ethnomedicine, and value-added food and cosmetic products. To incite further research on this plant and its consideration as a vital resource that can be sustainably utilized to improve food and nutrition security and human health, the knowledge gaps and prospects of P. curatellifolia are highlighted.

Cockroaches are widely recognized as vectors for transmitting pathogenic microorganisms in hospital and community environments due to their movement between contaminated and human-occupied spaces. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a primary global health concern because of its capacity to cause a wide range of infections and its resistance to many antibiotics. Despite efforts to control nosocomial infections, the role of cockroaches in disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria has not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, biofilm formation, and genetic characteristics of S. aureus isolated from cockroaches in hospital environments. Understanding the role of cockroaches as vectors of drug-resistant S. aureus can contribute to developing more effective infection control strategies in healthcare settings. This study examined 386 cockroaches, including 230 American and 156 German cockroaches. Antibiotic sensitivity, inducible resistance, and biofilm formation were evaluated. The presence of mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, SCCmec, mupA, mupB, and iles-1 genes was determined. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing was performed to determine genetic relatedness. Fifty S. aureus isolates were identified, with 48 % confirmed as MRSA. No isolate exhibited constitutive resistance to clindamycin. However, 96 % of the isolates displayed inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB phenotype) when tested using the D-test. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes were 34 %, 8 %, 0 %, and 0 %, respectively. So, 29.1 %, 16.6 %, 12.5 %, and 8.3 % of isolates had SCCmec gene cassettes of types I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The prevalence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was found to be 18 %, 16 %, 58 %, and 4 %, respectively. Seven different clusters were found in the RAPD-PCR, with cluster A (5 isolates) being the most common. These results show that cockroaches are important in transmitting resistance factors as mechanical vectors. Therefore, taking sanitary measures to control the insect population is unavoidable.

Polymers have been ruling the packaging industry for decades due to their versatility, easy manufacturability, and low cost. The overuse of non-biodegradable plastics in food packaging has become a serious environmental concern. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced nanocomposites have exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, a major difficulty in the synthesis of CNT-reinforced nanocomposites is the nanotube agglomeration, which results in poor dispersion and less interfacial bonding between reinforcements and matrix, limiting its advantages. Although acid treatment is effective, strong acids, treatment timing, and sonication power can lead to nanotube damage. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance PVA nanocomposite films' mechanical, thermal, optical, and antibacterial performance using polydopamine-coated CNTs, which are more effective than pristine or acid-treated CNTs, making them promising for food packaging applications. Pristine CNT reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films were fabricated with varying concentrations of CNTs (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%). These samples underwent mechanical, thermal, and optical characterization for the optimization of CNTs' concentration in the PVA matrix. Then the optimized amount of acid-treated and polydopamine-coated CNTs was used to fabricate PVA/CNT films. The mechanical, thermal, and optical characteristics of the resultant films were investigated. It was found that the polydopamine coating on CNTs improved the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of the films as compared to those of pure PVA, PVA/pristine CNT, and PVA/acid-treated CNT films. Moreover, the resultant film also demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in comparison to pure PVA.