Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/1775c
N. W. Elshereksi, M. Ghazali, A. Muchtar, C. Azhari
Silane coupling agent is a dominant coupler that is extensively used in dental applications to promote adhesion among the components of dental composites. Due to their similar ordered structure, silica-based fillers are easily silanized. In the aqueous oral environment, however, silane is hydrolytically degraded and bonds inefficiently to non-silica fillers. Therefore, the enhancement of hydrolytically stable dental composites is an essential goal in the research on dental materials. The composites using titanate coupling agents (TCAs) have increased interfacial bonding, homogeneous filler dispersion, and mechanical characteristics. Titanates also have better hydrolytic stability in wet environments, which is something to keep in mind while making dental composites. The inclusion of a little amount of titanates can increase the composites' moisture resistance. This chapter reviews the effects of the instability of silanes in moisture on the performance of dental composites and presents TCAs as alternative couplers to silanes for constructing dental composites.
{"title":"Titanate Couplers for Dental Composites Construction","authors":"N. W. Elshereksi, M. Ghazali, A. Muchtar, C. Azhari","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/1775c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/1775c","url":null,"abstract":"Silane coupling agent is a dominant coupler that is extensively used in dental applications to promote adhesion among the components of dental composites. Due to their similar ordered structure, silica-based fillers are easily silanized. In the aqueous oral environment, however, silane is hydrolytically degraded and bonds inefficiently to non-silica fillers. Therefore, the enhancement of hydrolytically stable dental composites is an essential goal in the research on dental materials. The composites using titanate coupling agents (TCAs) have increased interfacial bonding, homogeneous filler dispersion, and mechanical characteristics. Titanates also have better hydrolytic stability in wet environments, which is something to keep in mind while making dental composites. The inclusion of a little amount of titanates can increase the composites' moisture resistance. This chapter reviews the effects of the instability of silanes in moisture on the performance of dental composites and presents TCAs as alternative couplers to silanes for constructing dental composites.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81443792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8530d
T. Horváth, P. Moravčík, K. Hudacek, K. Brat, V. Čan, M. Dia, Dominika Ivanecká, J. Ivicic, V. Kališ, A. Kodýtková, J. Kratochvílová, A. Křenek, L. Majercak, Z. Merta, L. Mitas, P. Peňázová, P. Dostálová, M. Plutinský, R. Rindos, M. Sochor, P. Vysloužil, Z. Kala, J. Vomela
Extraordinary demanding cases necessitate a creative solution that is supported by mature experience and discerning intuition. All of this is based on a single principle: patients benefit. Full-blown versatility is the result of previous and subsequent sharing and trade. Pneumothorax in a breastfeeding mother, brachial plexus injuries suffered by lysis of apical adhesions, autologous fascia lata assistance of pulmonary plication in developed pulmonary emphysema, dorsal chest tube insertion through the first intercostal space, persistent pneumothorax in a brass band musician, effective conservative treatment by chest tube as a substitute to thoracoplasty, talc slurry solution in elderly man with life threatening pneumothorax from advanced lung cancer decay cavity, and in young woman afflicted by lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Borderline Pneumothorax: A Review","authors":"T. Horváth, P. Moravčík, K. Hudacek, K. Brat, V. Čan, M. Dia, Dominika Ivanecká, J. Ivicic, V. Kališ, A. Kodýtková, J. Kratochvílová, A. Křenek, L. Majercak, Z. Merta, L. Mitas, P. Peňázová, P. Dostálová, M. Plutinský, R. Rindos, M. Sochor, P. Vysloužil, Z. Kala, J. Vomela","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8530d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8530d","url":null,"abstract":"Extraordinary demanding cases necessitate a creative solution that is supported by mature experience and discerning intuition. All of this is based on a single principle: patients benefit. Full-blown versatility is the result of previous and subsequent sharing and trade. Pneumothorax in a breastfeeding mother, brachial plexus injuries suffered by lysis of apical adhesions, autologous fascia lata assistance of pulmonary plication in developed pulmonary emphysema, dorsal chest tube insertion through the first intercostal space, persistent pneumothorax in a brass band musician, effective conservative treatment by chest tube as a substitute to thoracoplasty, talc slurry solution in elderly man with life threatening pneumothorax from advanced lung cancer decay cavity, and in young woman afflicted by lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89775196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9491d
Umbeli Taha, S. Ismail, Elmahgoub AbdAlla, Kunna Abd Alilah, S. Eltahir, Salman M Mirghani
Despite global commitments to improving maternal health, measuring, monitoring, and comparing mortality estimates remains difficult. This study was conducted in Sudan in 2013 to assess maternal mortality from direct obstetric causes (obstetric haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis) after appropriate interventions. Since 2009, Sudan has been conducting facility and community-based MDR (maternal death review). MDRCs (Maternal Death Review Committees) were established at the national and state levels.Each state, health facility, and locality was assigned a focal point.MD (maternal deaths) were notified by phone, and all notified maternal deaths were reviewed using a structured format. Recommendations have been developed to reduce MM (maternal mortality) caused by obstetric haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis.Management protocols, care provider training, and the availability of necessary requirements for these cases have all been approved and implemented in all states. The reported MD were reviewed and analysed with SPSS, version 18.0, and the resulting MMR (maternal mortality ratio) was compared to years 2010-2012 to assess improvement. In 2013, 1,110 maternal deaths were reported out of a total of 645,881 LB (live births).The MMR was 172/100,000 LB, with variations between states. There were 937 maternal deaths in facilities (84.4 %) and 173 deaths in the community (15.6 %). Direct obstetric deaths were 678 (61.1%), mainly due to haemorrhage 311 (28.0%), hypertensive disorders 116 (10.5%) and sepsis 110 (9.9%). Indirect causes were 432 (38.9%), mainly due to hepatitis and anemia. Most of the hospital deaths 707 (75.5%) were admitted late from home and 559 (59.7%) died within 24 hours. MDs from hypertensive disorders and sepsis have significantly decreased, while MDs from haemorrhage have remained persistently high compared to 2010-2012.The main causes of maternal deaths are home birth, late presentation, a lack of blood, and a poor referral system. MDs from hypertension and sepsis have decreased significantly, whereas MDs from haemorrhage have remained persistently high.
{"title":"Study on Reducing Maternal Mortality from Direct Obstetric Causes during 2013 in Sudan","authors":"Umbeli Taha, S. Ismail, Elmahgoub AbdAlla, Kunna Abd Alilah, S. Eltahir, Salman M Mirghani","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9491d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9491d","url":null,"abstract":"Despite global commitments to improving maternal health, measuring, monitoring, and comparing mortality estimates remains difficult. This study was conducted in Sudan in 2013 to assess maternal mortality from direct obstetric causes (obstetric haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis) after appropriate interventions. \u0000Since 2009, Sudan has been conducting facility and community-based MDR (maternal death review). MDRCs (Maternal Death Review Committees) were established at the national and state levels.Each state, health facility, and locality was assigned a focal point.MD (maternal deaths) were notified by phone, and all notified maternal deaths were reviewed using a structured format. Recommendations have been developed to reduce MM (maternal mortality) caused by obstetric haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis.Management protocols, care provider training, and the availability of necessary requirements for these cases have all been approved and implemented in all states. The reported MD were reviewed and analysed with SPSS, version 18.0, and the resulting MMR (maternal mortality ratio) was compared to years 2010-2012 to assess improvement. In 2013, 1,110 maternal deaths were reported out of a total of 645,881 LB (live births).The MMR was 172/100,000 LB, with variations between states. There were 937 maternal deaths in facilities (84.4 %) and 173 deaths in the community (15.6 %). Direct obstetric deaths were 678 (61.1%), mainly due to haemorrhage 311 (28.0%), hypertensive disorders 116 (10.5%) and sepsis 110 (9.9%). Indirect causes were 432 (38.9%), mainly due to hepatitis and anemia. Most of the hospital deaths 707 (75.5%) were admitted late from home and 559 (59.7%) died within 24 hours. MDs from hypertensive disorders and sepsis have significantly decreased, while MDs from haemorrhage have remained persistently high compared to 2010-2012.The main causes of maternal deaths are home birth, late presentation, a lack of blood, and a poor referral system. MDs from hypertension and sepsis have decreased significantly, whereas MDs from haemorrhage have remained persistently high.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2929f
Akansha Singh, A. Dadhwal, A. Verma, Swati Agarwal
The writers describe a case of big ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma aggravating a young pregnancy in a young woman. Ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma is an uncommon type of ovarian tumour that develops from the ovary's surface epithelium.A 25-year-old woman with abdominal distension presented to the hospital 9 days after giving birth. USG findings reveal a massive solid cystic mass beginning from the pelvis and extending up to the epigastrium, measuring 36 x 14 cm.MRI pelvis shows a heterogeneous hyperintense solid cystic mass lesion with a bunch of grapes appearance in the intraperitoneal space, extending cranially up to the epigastrium and caudally into the pelvis, causing anterior uterus displacement. Also, the bowel loops are displaced to the back. The lesion is cystic with a solid component and multiple internal echoes for the most part.
作者描述了一个病例的大卵巢粘液囊腺癌加重了年轻的怀孕在一个年轻的妇女。卵巢粘液腺癌是一种罕见的卵巢肿瘤，发生于卵巢表面上皮。一名25岁女性在分娩后9天出现腹胀。USG示一巨大实性囊性肿块，从骨盆开始，向上延伸至上腹部，尺寸为36 x 14 cm。骨盆MRI显示腹膜腔内可见异质性高强度实性囊性肿块，呈葡萄状，颅脑向上延伸至上腹部，并向骨盆尾侧延伸，导致子宫前移位。同时，肠袢被移到了后面。病灶呈囊性，多数为实性成分，内回声多发。
{"title":"Large Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma in a Young Female: A Rare Case Presentation","authors":"Akansha Singh, A. Dadhwal, A. Verma, Swati Agarwal","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2929f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2929f","url":null,"abstract":"The writers describe a case of big ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma aggravating a young pregnancy in a young woman. Ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma is an uncommon type of ovarian tumour that develops from the ovary's surface epithelium.A 25-year-old woman with abdominal distension presented to the hospital 9 days after giving birth. USG findings reveal a massive solid cystic mass beginning from the pelvis and extending up to the epigastrium, measuring 36 x 14 cm.MRI pelvis shows a heterogeneous hyperintense solid cystic mass lesion with a bunch of grapes appearance in the intraperitoneal space, extending cranially up to the epigastrium and caudally into the pelvis, causing anterior uterus displacement. Also, the bowel loops are displaced to the back. The lesion is cystic with a solid component and multiple internal echoes for the most part.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85257119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9950d
R. Resna, Muslika Linda Suwarno
Statement of the Problem: Surgery is a stressful event that is often connected with a variety of foreign procedures that the patient will undergo during surgery, as well as different hazards to life safety procedures and actions arising from anaesthesia. Anxiety that occurs in patients with pre-surgery may have an impact on the physical changes that would hold over the implementation of surgery such as increased blood pressure and emotional instability. Music is one way that is believed to lower anxiety levels. Indonesia has a wealth of cultural songs that very much. One of the songs known by Indonesian people is the delightful children's song known as "naik becak". This song describes the picture of how fun the mood of a child when doing recreation using a pedicab. With the theme song that describes the fun atmosphere, the researchers hope to bring the mood of patients who will undergo surgery to be happy. Aims: This study is intended to look at the effectiveness of music or song therapy to decrease the patient's level of anxiety in facing surgery. Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: Using an experimental quasi design with a one group pre-test and post- test design, the researchers conducted anxiety-level assessment to all patients who would perform elective surgery. Findings: From total patients undergoing elective surgery showed that 96% patients had decreased anxiety level with mean rank 23.81, sum-rank 1071.5 and p-value 0.000. Patients who experienced an anxiety drop felt that the song "naik becak" was played out to make them feel good and bring fond memories of their pleasant childhood. Conclusion and Significance: subjects feel the benefits of melody medicine is conducted in the form of a decrease in the level of anxiety before undergoing surgery. Recommendations are using music medicine in the management of patients with anxiety.
{"title":"Effectiveness of “Naik Becak” Song as Music Therapy for Preoperative Anxiety by Nursing Approach: An Advance Study","authors":"R. Resna, Muslika Linda Suwarno","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9950d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/9950d","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the Problem: Surgery is a stressful event that is often connected with a variety of foreign procedures that the patient will undergo during surgery, as well as different hazards to life safety procedures and actions arising from anaesthesia. Anxiety that occurs in patients with pre-surgery may have an impact on the physical changes that would hold over the implementation of surgery such as increased blood pressure and emotional instability. Music is one way that is believed to lower anxiety levels. Indonesia has a wealth of cultural songs that very much. One of the songs known by Indonesian people is the delightful children's song known as \"naik becak\". This song describes the picture of how fun the mood of a child when doing recreation using a pedicab. With the theme song that describes the fun atmosphere, the researchers hope to bring the mood of patients who will undergo surgery to be happy. \u0000Aims: This study is intended to look at the effectiveness of music or song therapy to decrease the patient's level of anxiety in facing surgery. \u0000Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: Using an experimental quasi design with a one group pre-test and post- test design, the researchers conducted anxiety-level assessment to all patients who would perform elective surgery. \u0000Findings: From total patients undergoing elective surgery showed that 96% patients had decreased anxiety level with mean rank 23.81, sum-rank 1071.5 and p-value 0.000. Patients who experienced an anxiety drop felt that the song \"naik becak\" was played out to make them feel good and bring fond memories of their pleasant childhood. \u0000Conclusion and Significance: subjects feel the benefits of melody medicine is conducted in the form of a decrease in the level of anxiety before undergoing surgery. Recommendations are using music medicine in the management of patients with anxiety.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"159 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83255684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2397f
E. Samuel
Background: Increased global incidence of liver illness, including hepatitis B, C virus infections, and nonalcoholic steatotic hepatitis, during the era of contraception and abortions [20th, 21st centuries] implemented as family welfare programmes. In 1998 and 1994, rising oestrogen particles were observed in the air and water, respectively. Objectives: The altruistic association of contraception, abortion [if any], and rising liver diseases, hepatitis B and C viral infections, and rising environmental estrogen was sought. Methods: In 2012, a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of liver diseases in 350 patients aged 20-35 years, 35-50 years, and >50 years, based on data collected by convenient, stratified random sampling from various geographical locations between 2003 and 2012, and its relationship with contraception, abortion, and other factors, was carried out;simultaneously, serum estrogen levels obtained from 105 patients, was also analyzed. Estrogen levels were measured in four sea water samples and three river water samples. In order to detect foetal and adult haemoglobin, electrophoresis of haemoglobin in sea water was attempted. In sea and river water samples, alpha fetoprotein and (beta) human chorionic gonadotropins were measured. Results: 15-24 fold increase in liver diseases was seen in contraceptive users of >20years to >50 years with a p value of <0.0005.Fig.-1~100% increase in viral infections is prevalent with a p value of <0.0005; Fig.-2. With a p value of <0.0005; endogenous estrogen was lowered below normal in 61 percent of contraceptive users, and 25 percent of contraceptive users had low normal serum estrogen; Fig. 3. River water had 3-5 pg of estrogen, whereas sea water contained just 0.3-1 pg, implying that estrogen carried by rivers is diluted in the sea. There were no visible bands on a routine haemoglobin electrophoresis that measured in grammes. Alpha feto protein was measured in sea, river water as <0.6ng; (beta) human chorionic gonadotropins were estimated in the sea, river water as <0.1miu/ml Due to decreased production of endogenous oestrogen, a low-cholesterol diet has been associated to a 50 percent rise in degenerative disorders such as liver disease and osteoporosis. Conclusion: The concept has been acquired contraception, abortion status, with smashed fragmentation of germ cells by prohibition from traversing their normal path, consequent reduced endogenous estrogen: androgen, results in defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell metabolism, rise prevalence of liver disease, including non alcoholic steatotic hepatitis,[fatty change liver] and increased in infectious diseases including hepatitis B, C virus aided by aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution of the air, water, evidenced by rising environmental estrogen.[unless blood is spilt estrogen-which is a hormone secreted directly into the blood, circulating in the blood, cannot reach the environment]. As a cause and effec
背景:在避孕和堕胎时代[20世纪，21世纪]作为家庭福利计划实施期间，全球肝病发病率增加，包括乙型肝炎，丙型肝炎病毒感染和非酒精性脂肪变性肝炎。1998年和1994年，分别在空气和水中观察到雌激素颗粒上升。目的:寻找避孕、流产(如果有的话)与不断上升的肝病、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染以及不断上升的环境雌激素之间的利他关联。方法:2012年采用方便分层随机抽样的方法，回顾性分析2003 - 2012年各地区350例20-35岁、35-50岁和>50岁患者的肝脏疾病患病率及其与避孕、流产等因素的关系，同时分析105例患者的血清雌激素水平。在四个海水样本和三个河水样本中测量了雌激素水平。为了检测胎儿和成人血红蛋白，尝试在海水中进行血红蛋白电泳。测定了海水和河水中甲胎蛋白和(beta)人绒毛膜促性腺激素的含量。结果:在>20 ～ >50岁的避孕药使用者中，肝脏疾病发生率增加15 ～ 24倍，p值<0.0005。-1 100% increase in viral infections is prevalent with a p value of <0.0005; Fig.-2.With a p value of <0.0005; endogenous estrogen was lowered below normal in 61 percent of contraceptive users, and 25 percent of contraceptive users had low normal serum estrogen; Fig. 3. River water had 3-5 pg of estrogen, whereas sea water contained just 0.3-1 pg, implying that estrogen carried by rivers is diluted in the sea. There were no visible bands on a routine haemoglobin electrophoresis that measured in grammes. Alpha feto protein was measured in sea, river water as <0.6ng; (beta) human chorionic gonadotropins were estimated in the sea, river water as <0.1miu/mlDue to decreased production of endogenous oestrogen, a low-cholesterol diet has been associated to a 50 percent rise in degenerative disorders such as liver disease and osteoporosis.Conclusion: The concept has been acquired contraception, abortion status, with smashed fragmentation of germ cells by prohibition from traversing their normal path, consequent reduced endogenous estrogen: androgen, results in defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell metabolism, rise prevalence of liver disease, including non alcoholic steatotic hepatitis,[fatty change liver] and increased in infectious diseases including hepatitis B, C virus aided by aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution of the air, water, evidenced by rising environmental estrogen.[unless blood is spilt estrogen-which is a hormone secreted directly into the blood, circulating in the blood, cannot reach the environment].As a cause and effect phenomenon, contraception reversal decreased liver disorders; decreased aborted blood, reduced contraceptive menstrual blood environmental pollution, will reduce microbial incidence and virulence; while pregnant with 4200 pg. The placenta secretes Estrogen, and a healthy immune system removes the hepatitis B virus. Condom use, by achieving contraception, perpetuates the disease and reduces the carrier status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses.
{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Prevalence of Liver Diseases and Fragmented Germ Cells with Reduced Endogenous Estrogen Including Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Rising Environmental Estrogen","authors":"E. Samuel","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2397f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2397f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased global incidence of liver illness, including hepatitis B, C virus infections, and nonalcoholic steatotic hepatitis, during the era of contraception and abortions [20th, 21st centuries] implemented as family welfare programmes. In 1998 and 1994, rising oestrogen particles were observed in the air and water, respectively.\u0000Objectives: The altruistic association of contraception, abortion [if any], and rising liver diseases, hepatitis B and C viral infections, and rising environmental estrogen was sought.\u0000Methods: In 2012, a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of liver diseases in 350 patients aged 20-35 years, 35-50 years, and >50 years, based on data collected by convenient, stratified random sampling from various geographical locations between 2003 and 2012, and its relationship with contraception, abortion, and other factors, was carried out;simultaneously, serum estrogen levels obtained from 105 patients, was also analyzed.\u0000Estrogen levels were measured in four sea water samples and three river water samples.\u0000In order to detect foetal and adult haemoglobin, electrophoresis of haemoglobin in sea water was attempted. In sea and river water samples, alpha fetoprotein and (beta) human chorionic gonadotropins were measured. Results: 15-24 fold increase in liver diseases was seen in contraceptive users of >20years to >50 years with a p value of <0.0005.Fig.-1~100% increase in viral infections is prevalent with a p value of <0.0005; Fig.-2.\u0000With a p value of <0.0005; endogenous estrogen was lowered below normal in 61 percent of contraceptive users, and 25 percent of contraceptive users had low normal serum estrogen; Fig. 3. River water had 3-5 pg of estrogen, whereas sea water contained just 0.3-1 pg, implying that estrogen carried by rivers is diluted in the sea. There were no visible bands on a routine haemoglobin electrophoresis that measured in grammes. Alpha feto protein was measured in sea, river water as <0.6ng; (beta) human chorionic gonadotropins were estimated in the sea, river water as <0.1miu/ml\u0000Due to decreased production of endogenous oestrogen, a low-cholesterol diet has been associated to a 50 percent rise in degenerative disorders such as liver disease and osteoporosis.\u0000Conclusion: The concept has been acquired contraception, abortion status, with smashed fragmentation of germ cells by prohibition from traversing their normal path, consequent reduced endogenous estrogen: androgen, results in defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell metabolism, rise prevalence of liver disease, including non alcoholic steatotic hepatitis,[fatty change liver] and increased in infectious diseases including hepatitis B, C virus aided by aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood pollution of the air, water, evidenced by rising environmental estrogen.[unless blood is spilt estrogen-which is a hormone secreted directly into the blood, circulating in the blood, cannot reach the environment].\u0000As a cause and effec","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80039749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8908d
G. Mac-Fiberesima, S. Abbey, C. K. Wachukwu, O. Azuonwu
Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infectious disease that is responsible for the death of most people all over the world. It is characterized by coughing, fever, night sweats and loss of weight due to the pathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes the disease. In some cases, other forms of the bacterium belonging to the genus Mycobacteria known as Non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis mimic the infection in immunocompromised and comorbid individuals. Characterization of these bacteria is significant in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis.
{"title":"Genotypic Characterization of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non- Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Clinical Samples from Presumptive Residents in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Mac-Fiberesima, S. Abbey, C. K. Wachukwu, O. Azuonwu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8908d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/8908d","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infectious disease that is responsible for the death of most people all over the world. It is characterized by coughing, fever, night sweats and loss of weight due to the pathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes the disease. In some cases, other forms of the bacterium belonging to the genus Mycobacteria known as Non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis mimic the infection in immunocompromised and comorbid individuals. Characterization of these bacteria is significant in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90558079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2232d
A. Akinwumi, Okunola Oluyomi, Adelusola A. Kayode, Sanusi Abubakr Abefe, Arogundade Fatiu Abiola, Ikem T. Rosemary, Akinsola Adewale
Aims: To determine the prevalence and clinico-pathological correlates of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetics in Southwest Nigeria. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Renal Unit, Medicine Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria. Methodology: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was carried out in 40 consenting type 2 diabetic adults out of 88 patients in stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification. Results: Eighty eight (48.1%) of the one hundred and eighty three subjects with mean age of 58.05(±6.10) years had clinical Diabetic Nephropathy. The duration of diabetes was 9.55(±4.1) years. Median protein excretion was 0.55 g/day. Mean estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate was 45.1(±12) ml/min. Thirty nine renal (97.5%) tissues showed glomerular basement membrane thickening. There was a positive correlation between the systolic blood pressure and severity of glomerular lesions (r=0.480, p=0.002), interstitial changes (p=0.602, r<0.001) and vascular lesions (0.429, 0.006). The diastolic blood pressure correlated with glomerular lesions (r=0.500, p=0.001), interstitial changes (0.479, 0.002), vascular lesions (p=0.431, r=0.006), nodular glomerulosclerosis (r=0.333, p=0.036) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.372, p=0.018). Urinary protein excretion correlated with severity of glomerular lesions (r=0.457, p=0.003), vascular changes (r=0.483, p=0.002) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.407, p=0.009). Diabetic retinopathy correlated positively with severity of glomerular lesion (r=0.406, p=0.009) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.547, p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetics in Ile-Ife is high. Glomerular basement membrane thickening was the most prevalent renal pathology. There was a positive correlation between blood pressure, protein excretion, retinopathy and renal histology. The management of diabetes mellitus should be multidisciplinary once diagnosis is made especially in developing countries.
{"title":"Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria: A Clinicopathological Study","authors":"A. Akinwumi, Okunola Oluyomi, Adelusola A. Kayode, Sanusi Abubakr Abefe, Arogundade Fatiu Abiola, Ikem T. Rosemary, Akinsola Adewale","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2232d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2232d","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the prevalence and clinico-pathological correlates of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetics in Southwest Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Renal Unit, Medicine Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was carried out in 40 consenting type 2 diabetic adults out of 88 patients in stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification. \u0000Results: Eighty eight (48.1%) of the one hundred and eighty three subjects with mean age of 58.05(±6.10) years had clinical Diabetic Nephropathy. The duration of diabetes was 9.55(±4.1) years. Median protein excretion was 0.55 g/day. Mean estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate was 45.1(±12) ml/min. Thirty nine renal (97.5%) tissues showed glomerular basement membrane thickening. \u0000There was a positive correlation between the systolic blood pressure and severity of glomerular lesions (r=0.480, p=0.002), interstitial changes (p=0.602, r<0.001) and vascular lesions (0.429, 0.006). The diastolic blood pressure correlated with glomerular lesions (r=0.500, p=0.001), interstitial changes (0.479, 0.002), vascular lesions (p=0.431, r=0.006), nodular glomerulosclerosis (r=0.333, p=0.036) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.372, p=0.018). Urinary protein excretion correlated with severity of glomerular lesions (r=0.457, p=0.003), vascular changes (r=0.483, p=0.002) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.407, p=0.009). Diabetic retinopathy correlated positively with severity of glomerular lesion (r=0.406, p=0.009) and diffuse glomerulosclerosis (r=0.547, p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetics in Ile-Ife is high. Glomerular basement membrane thickening was the most prevalent renal pathology. There was a positive correlation between blood pressure, protein excretion, retinopathy and renal histology. The management of diabetes mellitus should be multidisciplinary once diagnosis is made especially in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87135760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2967f
Sucheta Gupta, M. Goel, P. Jamwal
Background: Tubal malfunction is the most important factor in the development and persistence of otitis media. When the Eustachian tube malfunction persists, the most carefully performed surgery will fail because the initiating pathogenetic factors of Eustachian tube function and middle ear ventilation are still present. Measurement of the Eustachian tube function is therefore an important part of the medical and surgical evaluation of the middle ear disease. Aims: The study was undertaken to find out Eustachian tube function in safe type of chronic suppurative otitis media and to study the comparison of graft uptake in normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube function in safe type of chronic suppurative otitis media. Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu w.e.f November 2016 to October 2017. The study was conducted after taking approval of institutional Ethics committee. The patients attending ENT outpatient department were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically and also audiometrically by Pure Tone Audiometry and impedance audiometry. Eustachian tube function test- TOYNBEE test was done in all the patients. An equal number of patients with normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube function were considered for surgery. Results: Out of 20 patients with normal Eustachian tube function, 19(95%) showed graft uptake. Out of 20 patients with partially impaired Eustachian tube function, 18(90%) showed graft uptake. Out of 20 patients with grossly impaired Eustachian tube functions 13(65%) showed graft uptake. Comparison of mean values of pre and post- operative AB gap with respect to normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube functions .Comparison is highly significant statistically with (p< 0.001). Conclusion: ETF testing by impedance audiometry is a simple non-invasive method of testing the ETF. As seen in our study, functioning Eustachian tube is an important requirement for optimum outcome of myringoplasty. Testing the functions of Eustachian tube before surgery provides a possibility of predicting the possible outcome of myringoplasty / tymapanoplasty. This is also concluded that a partially functioning Eustachian tube should not be considered to be a contraindication to these surgeries as in many of these cases graft uptake and AB –gap closure was good (90%).
{"title":"Evaluating the Eustachian Tube Function in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Reference to its Treatment Outcome","authors":"Sucheta Gupta, M. Goel, P. Jamwal","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2967f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2967f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tubal malfunction is the most important factor in the development and persistence of otitis media. When the Eustachian tube malfunction persists, the most carefully performed surgery will fail because the initiating pathogenetic factors of Eustachian tube function and middle ear ventilation are still present. Measurement of the Eustachian tube function is therefore an important part of the medical and surgical evaluation of the middle ear disease. \u0000Aims: \u0000The study was undertaken to find out Eustachian tube function in safe type of chronic suppurative otitis media and to study the comparison of graft uptake in normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube function in safe type of chronic suppurative otitis media. \u0000Methods: \u0000 \u0000The present prospective study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu w.e.f November 2016 to October 2017. The study was conducted after taking approval of institutional Ethics committee. The patients attending ENT outpatient department were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically and also audiometrically by Pure Tone Audiometry and impedance audiometry. Eustachian tube function test- TOYNBEE test was done in all the patients. An equal number of patients with normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube function were considered for surgery. \u0000 \u0000Results: Out of 20 patients with normal Eustachian tube function, 19(95%) showed graft uptake. Out of 20 patients with partially impaired Eustachian tube function, 18(90%) showed graft uptake. Out of 20 patients with grossly impaired Eustachian tube functions 13(65%) showed graft uptake. Comparison of mean values of pre and post- operative AB gap with respect to normal, partially impaired and grossly impaired Eustachian tube functions .Comparison is highly significant statistically with (p< 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: ETF testing by impedance audiometry is a simple non-invasive method of testing the ETF. As seen in our study, functioning Eustachian tube is an important requirement for optimum outcome of myringoplasty. Testing the functions of Eustachian tube before surgery provides a possibility of predicting the possible outcome of myringoplasty / tymapanoplasty. This is also concluded that a partially functioning Eustachian tube should not be considered to be a contraindication to these surgeries as in many of these cases graft uptake and AB –gap closure was good (90%).","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79473141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2487e
David Nweke, M. Igwe, R. Uwakwe
Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) imposes enormous challenges on those affected. VVF leaves a devastating effect on a woman’s personal hygiene, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and environment thereby disrupting the woman’s health Subjects may have difficulties in coping and as a result may manifest specific mental disorders. Objective: This study determined the psychiatric morbidity and socio-demographic correlates in subjects with VVF. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive subjects with VVF were recruited from the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki Nigeria. A socio–demographic and clinical history questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects. The General Health Questionnaire version-28 (GHQ–28) was used to screen for psychiatric morbidity with a cut-off point of (ge) 5 indicating psychiatric caseness. All subjects with a score of 5 or more on GHQ-28 were interviewed using the Present State Examination (PSE) component of Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Results: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among subjects with VVF was 48%. Specific psychiatric disorders identified were major depression- 37%, generalised anxiety disorder- 4%, dysthymia- 5%, somatoform disorder- 1% and social phobia- 1%. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity may co-occur with vesicovaginal fistula. This may hinder complete recovery even after fistula repair. Early detection and treatment of the psychiatric disorders are advocated. It is recommended that health personnel working in such settings be trained to identify subjects with mental health problems and make appropriate referrals.
背景:膀胱阴道瘘(VVF)给患者带来了巨大的挑战。阴道阴道瘘对妇女的个人卫生、自尊、人际关系和环境造成毁灭性影响，从而破坏妇女的健康，患者可能难以应付，结果可能表现出特定的精神障碍。目的:本研究确定了VVF患者的精神发病率和社会人口学相关因素。材料和方法:从尼日利亚Abakaliki国家产科瘘中心连续招募100名VVF患者。使用社会人口学和临床病史问卷来评估受试者的社会人口学特征。一般健康问卷版本-28 (GHQ-28)用于筛查精神病发病率，截断点(ge) 5表示精神病病例。所有GHQ-28得分在5分或以上的受试者使用神经精神病学临床评估表(SCAN)的现状检查(PSE)部分进行访谈。结果:VVF患者精神疾病患病率为48%. Specific psychiatric disorders identified were major depression- 37%, generalised anxiety disorder- 4%, dysthymia- 5%, somatoform disorder- 1% and social phobia- 1%.Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity may co-occur with vesicovaginal fistula. This may hinder complete recovery even after fistula repair. Early detection and treatment of the psychiatric disorders are advocated. It is recommended that health personnel working in such settings be trained to identify subjects with mental health problems and make appropriate referrals.
{"title":"Determining the Psychiatric Morbidity among Subjects with Vesicovaginal Fistula in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria","authors":"David Nweke, M. Igwe, R. Uwakwe","doi":"10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2487e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v18/2487e","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) imposes enormous challenges on those affected. VVF leaves a devastating effect on a woman’s personal hygiene, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and environment thereby disrupting the woman’s health Subjects may have difficulties in coping and as a result may manifest specific mental disorders. Objective: This study determined the psychiatric morbidity and socio-demographic correlates in subjects with VVF. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive subjects with VVF were recruited from the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki Nigeria. A socio–demographic and clinical history questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects. The General Health Questionnaire version-28 (GHQ–28) was used to screen for psychiatric morbidity with a cut-off point of (ge) 5 indicating psychiatric caseness. All subjects with a score of 5 or more on GHQ-28 were interviewed using the Present State Examination (PSE) component of Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Results: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among subjects with VVF was 48%. Specific psychiatric disorders identified were major depression- 37%, generalised anxiety disorder- 4%, dysthymia- 5%, somatoform disorder- 1% and social phobia- 1%. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity may co-occur with vesicovaginal fistula. This may hinder complete recovery even after fistula repair. Early detection and treatment of the psychiatric disorders are advocated. It is recommended that health personnel working in such settings be trained to identify subjects with mental health problems and make appropriate referrals.","PeriodicalId":12942,"journal":{"name":"Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76643941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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