Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.4337/9781788971249.00016
F. Lasserre, Pierre-Louis Têtu
Introduction Contrary to popular belief, in the Arctic, climate change is a helper, but not a driver of traffic expansion for sea transportation. Shipping companies design their strategies around market location and profitability rather than out of consideration of melting of Arctic ice. Moreover, climate change is a serious hindrance for land transportation projects with the melting of permafrost. For several years to come, natural resources exploitation, rather than cargo transit traffic, will likely be the major market for shipping expansion in the Arctic. Shorter routes due to melting sea ice do not appear attractive to most shipping companies. Instead, shipping companies are interested in increased destinational traffic, especially for oil and gas and mining. A factor that could alter this picture is the fact that transportation projects also at times reflect a desire to assert sovereignty over maritime or land expanses. Expansion of Arctic transportation projects (services and infrastructure) stem from the fact the Arctic has become integrated in the global economy. It is globalization that drives natural resources exploitation. It is the globalization of Chinese and Russian economic ambitions that supports the construction of expensive overland projects. It is globalization, and not necessarily conditions in the Arctic, that has shipping companies questioning the profitability of Arctic shipping.
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Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.4337/9781788971249.00012
P. Billon, Lauren Shykora
{"title":"Conflicts, commodities and the environmental geopolitics of supply chains","authors":"P. Billon, Lauren Shykora","doi":"10.4337/9781788971249.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788971249.00012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129932,"journal":{"name":"A Research Agenda for Environmental Geopolitics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125530259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.4337/9781788971249.00006
S. O’Lear
Most people have a sense of what the field of geopolitics is: it has something to do with how place intertwines with power being exercised or challenged. Geopolitics is related to how decisions are made with a particular, place-related outcome or vision in mind: overcoming a boundary, expanding territory, or making sure that someone or something else does not threaten a boundary or a territory. Geopolitics might most easily be associated with states or countries and how they relate to each other over spatial issues such as the control of boundaries and territory. Yet there are other actors or interest groups beyond states, and there are spaces and places that are beyond, within, and between the spaces claimed by states. The field of geopolitics, then, considers far more than how states make place-related and spatial decisions and actions. It encompasses many kinds of struggle to control places and place-related activities – What kinds of things can happen here? Who is allowed to be here? Who gets to make those decisions? – and considers different actors, interest groups, voices, and perspectives on spatial activities and processes.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788971249.00007
{"title":"Interpreting and Measuring the Environment","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788971249.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788971249.00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129932,"journal":{"name":"A Research Agenda for Environmental Geopolitics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127185053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788971249.00011
{"title":"Power, Knowledge and Human–Environment Interactions","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788971249.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788971249.00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129932,"journal":{"name":"A Research Agenda for Environmental Geopolitics","volume":"23 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132621937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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