Hormone and Metabolic Research最新文献

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Thyroid disease and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are frequent complications during pregnancy. We observed the relationship between thyroid indicators and blood glucose to analyze whether thyroid function is associated with the development of GDM. We enrolled a total of 575 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and 573 pregnant women without GDM. The correlation between thyroid indicators and blood glucose levels was established through correlation analysis. In addition, stratified analysis and restricted cubic spline curves were employed to describe the association between thyroid indicators and the incidence of GDM. We found no significant difference in urine iodine levels between the GDM and non-GDM groups throughout the second trimester. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and both fasting blood glucose and post-load blood glucose showed a robust positive connection. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), on the other hand, showed a weakly positive connection with these glucose values. A nonlinear correlation between FT3 and the risk of GDM was also found (pNonlinear=0.0007, p<0.0001). Particularly, those in the top quartile of FT3 had a 6.99-fold greater risk than those in the lowest. Notably, FT3 levels below 4.04 pmol/l were linked to a decreased chance of developing GDM, but levels over 4.04 pmol/l were linked to a greater risk. Our study successfully established the correlation between thyroid indicators and the risk of GDM. Notably, we discovered a non-linear association between FT3 levels and GDM. The study suggests that ensuring optimal thyroid function during pregnancy may decrease the likelihood of developing GDM.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a key metric when evaluating the renal function of a given patient. Individuals with chronic kidney disease also often present with abnormal thyroid functionality. The specific association between BUN and thyroid function, however, is not well understood. This study was thus developed to explore how BUN levels within the normal range are related to thyroid activity among adults in the USA. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was leveraged for these analyses. Linear regression and smoothed curve fitting approaches were employed to examine the association between BUN levels and measures of thyroid function, with appropriate weighted and subgroup analyses. The 2007-2012 NHANEs cycles included 6231 eligible adults with BUN levels from 2.5-8.0 mmol/l. Under adjusted models, a higher BUN level was associated with reductions in FT3 (β=-0.01; p=0.047), TT3 (β=-1.08; p=0.003), and TT4 (β=-0.10; p=0.003) levels. In subgroup analyses, BUN levels were respectively found to be negatively correlated with FT3 and TT4 levels in subjects who were inactive and active. These findings are consistent with reduced FT3, TT4, and TT4 levels being correlated with higher BUN levels within the normal range among American adults. In non-physically active subjects, FT3 levels were more closely related to increasing BUN levels, whereas TT4 levels were more closely related to BUN levels among physically active subjects. However, additional research will be vital to clarify the mechanisms that underlie these results.

Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) are specific for Graves' disease (GD) and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of GD. TRAb assays have recently been greatly improved. This review discusses the clinical application of TRAb in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the prognosis of GD, GD in gestation and pediatrics, and GD related ophthalmopathy (GO). In addition to the classical competition and bioassays, a new bridging assay has emerged for TRAb assays. TRAb is the main pathogenic mechanism of hyperthyroidism in GD. Treated GD still has a high rate of recurrence and even a short-term surge of TRAb, leading to rapid deterioration of GO. Fetal goiter may be associated with elevated maternal TRAb during pregnancy, overtreatment may lead to fetal hypothyroidism. Pediatric patients with GD have high TRAb, poor remission from treatment, and insignificant manifestations of GO. TRAb is significantly correlated with GO activity and severity. Currently, TRAb assay has high specificity and sensitivity and can be used directly to identify the cause of hyperthyroidism. TRAb can be used to predict recurrence of drug treated GD or progression of GO after RAI therapy. TRAb should be measured regularly for GD in gestation to guide anti-thyroid medication to avoid thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism in the fetus. Monitoring TRAb in pediatric GD may help control the progression of GO. TRAb assay is an important guide for the treatment of GO.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a novel marker reflecting insulin resistance, and the risk of developing DN in patients with T2DM. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to May 12, 2024. Studies assessing the TyG index in relation to DN risk among T2DM patients were included. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of eight longitudinal follow-up studies encompassing 15 889 patients with T2DM were included. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between a higher TyG index and an increased risk of DN in patients with T2DM (RR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.37-1.71, p<0.001; I²=35%). The results of meta-regression analysis suggested that the cutoff of TyG index was positively associated with the RR for the association between TyG index and DN. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association was stronger in studies with cutoff of TyG index ≥9.5 as compared to those with the cutoff <9.5 (RR: 1.73 vs. 1.40, p for subgroup difference <0.05). The association was not significantly affected by study design, mean age of the patients, proportion of men, or follow-up durations. In conclusion, higher TyG index is significantly associated with an increased risk of DN in patients with T2DM.

The study aims to assess the improvement in bone metabolism in prepubertal girls with Turner Syndrome (TS) after long-term polyethylene glycol recombinant human Growth Hormone (PEG-rhGH) treatment. A 12-month longitudinal prospective study was conducted with 28 prepubertal girls diagnosed with TS. Participants were divided into two groups: 18 received PEG-rhGH therapy (0.1-0.25 mg/kg/week) and 10 did not. Anthropometric measurements, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and serum levels of IGF-1, calcium, and phosphate were collected at baseline and after 12 months. BTMs included bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), Type I collagen propeptide (CICP), Type I collagen telopeptide (CTX), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). After 12 months of PEG-rhGH therapy, the treatment group showed significant increases in growth velocity (GV) and height standard deviation scores (HtSDS). Serum IGF-1 levels increased rapidly within one month and remained elevated. BTMs indicated enhanced bone formation, significantly increasing BAP and CICP, while CTX levels remained low. FGF23 levels initially rose slightly but declined below baseline by 12 months. Elevated blood phosphate levels were observed. PEG-rhGH therapy in children with TS significantly improves linear growth and enhances bone formation markers, benefiting bone metabolism.

This study explored the association between serum Hcy level and the all-cause mortality among osteoarthritis (OA) patients. This cohort study included patients diagnosed as OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. Abbott Homocysteine assay, a fully automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method, was used to measure the level of serum Hcy. Covariates included sociodemographic information, lifestyles, history of diseases and medications were extracted from the database. The weighted univariate, multivariate Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to explore the association between Hcy level and all-cause mortality in OA patients, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on different age, gender, duration of OA, complications and C-reactive protein (CRP) were further assessed by this association. Totally 1384 OA patients were included in this study, of which 817 (59.03%) died by 31 December 2019. After adjusting all covariates, high Hcy level was associated with the high all-cause mortality among OA patients (HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.02-1.67), especially in females (HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.07-1.91), aged >60 years (HR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.14-1.94), duration of OA >10 years (HR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.01-1.95), with the history of hypertension (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.03-1.80), without the history of diabetes (HR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.82) or CRP >0.29 mg/l (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19). High serum Hcy level was associated with high risk of all-cause mortality in OA patients. Our results suggest that serum Hcy is a promising biomarker for the prognosis of OA patients.

The aim of the study was to explore the effect of low dose glucocorticoid on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, to provide new ideas for clinical prevention and cure of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. The 144 cases of premature infants were divided into 72 each: control group and experimental group. Control group received routine clinical prevention and cure, while experimental group was received low dose glucocorticoid on the basis of control group. The serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) , interleukin-8 (IL-8), and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) before and after treatment were compared between two groups. The incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was compared between two groups. The mechanical ventilation time, oxygen inhalation time and hospitalization time in two groups were recorded, and the body mass, head circumference and body length at 30 days after birth were assessed in both groups. After treatment, the serum IL-10 level in experimental group was increased and IL-8, TGF-β1 levels were decreased compared with control group (p <0.05). The incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in experimental group was 13.89% and the disease severity in experimental group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Both groups exhibited no notable adverse reactions (p>0.05). Low-dose glucocorticoids have a significant preventive and therapeutic effect on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, and have a high safety, showing high clinical application value for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

The objective of the study was to explore the association between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and the risk of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched to collect literature on the association between Hcy levels and the risk of T2DN. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to September 10, 2024. Stata 15.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Type II diabetes without nephropathy was considered the control group, and microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were included in the experimental group. Fourteen articles were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the level of Hcy in the T2DN group with microalbuminuria [Weighted mean difference (WMD)=2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-3.51, p<0.001] and the group with macroalbuminuria (WMD=3.38, 95% CI: 1.95-4.82) was significantly increased. Compared with the T2DN microalbuminuria group, the Hcy level in the T2DN macroalbuminuria group was considerably higher (WMD=2.12, 95% CI: 0.80-3.44, p<0.001). High homocysteine levels were associated with an increased risk of T2DN (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.20-1.54, p<0.001). In conclusion, circulating Hcy levels are significantly associated with the severity of T2DN. In addition, there was a significant association between high Hcy levels and an increased risk of T2DN.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are large structures composed of chromatin, histones and granule-derived proteins released extracellularly by neutrophils. They are generally considered to be a part of the antimicrobial defense strategy, preventing the dissemination of pathogens. However, overproduction of NETs or their ineffective clearance can drive various pathologies, many of which are associated with advanced age and involve uncontrolled inflammation, oxidative, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative stress as underlying mechanisms. Targeting NETs in the elderly as an anti-aging therapy seems to be a very attractive therapeutic approach. Therapeutic apheresis with a specific filter to remove NETs could be a promising strategy worth considering.