Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.46300/91014.2023.17.1
Matthew A. Ogunniran, M. Ibrahim
In this work, a superinfection model of two HIV strains was proposed. The proposed model was solved and interpreted using the Elzaki Transform Method (ETM). The proposed model presented some non-linear terms which are difficult to resolve using the ETM. Hence, we employed the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) to resolve the nonlinear terms. We derived an iterative scheme that was used to predict the behavior of the model. Results of data simulation showed that the population of healthy CD4+ T cells declined with respect to time in the presence of HIV strains. The viral loads for both viral strains are observed to be on a steady increase. The study reveals that ETM can be used to solve Superinfection models of HIV. The method is easier, more efficient, and more effective, and it converges faster to the solution when compared to other transform methods. We recommend that ETM can be applied to superinfection and co-infection models of other infectious diseases.
{"title":"Application of Elzaki Transform Method for Solving and Interpreting HIV Superinfection Model","authors":"Matthew A. Ogunniran, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.46300/91014.2023.17.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2023.17.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a superinfection model of two HIV strains was proposed. The proposed model was solved and interpreted using the Elzaki Transform Method (ETM). The proposed model presented some non-linear terms which are difficult to resolve using the ETM. Hence, we employed the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) to resolve the nonlinear terms. We derived an iterative scheme that was used to predict the behavior of the model. Results of data simulation showed that the population of healthy CD4+ T cells declined with respect to time in the presence of HIV strains. The viral loads for both viral strains are observed to be on a steady increase. The study reveals that ETM can be used to solve Superinfection models of HIV. The method is easier, more efficient, and more effective, and it converges faster to the solution when compared to other transform methods. We recommend that ETM can be applied to superinfection and co-infection models of other infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115527932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.1
Zarabizan Zakaria, S. Ismail, A. Yusof
The administration of construction contracts in Malaysia is facilitated through a standard form of contract. The application of each however depends on the type of project, mode of finance and owner of the project. International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), Public Work Department 203A (PWD203A), Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) Standards form of contract are widely implemented in Malaysia. In generally, each standard form of contract aims at ensuring effective, efficient and non-disputable contract administration. Nonetheless, variations arise in certain matters. This paper appraises the differences in roles and responsibilities of contract administrator as stipulated in each forms, namely PWD203A, PAM and FIDIC via literature review on some different types of forms of contract used in Malaysia. This aim can be achieved by determining the important factors affecting final account closing success caused by contract administrator, and investigating the differences between forms of contract. The understanding of these roles and responsibilities is important at the preliminary stage especially in selecting superintending party as well as identifying the contract liability in the persuasion of the contract. This paper shows that the use of contract documents either FIDIC, PAM and PWD 203A is dependent on the project owner/employer, type of project as well as the nature of a project and financing involved. Most of the projects under the government will apply PWD203A contract document while the private sector will use PAM contract document and FIDIC contract document will be used for projects involving international contracts.
{"title":"An Overview of Comparison between Construction Contracts in Malaysia: The Roles and Responsibilities of Contract Administrator in Achieving Final Account Closing Success","authors":"Zarabizan Zakaria, S. Ismail, A. Yusof","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.1","url":null,"abstract":"The administration of construction contracts in Malaysia is facilitated through a standard form of contract. The application of each however depends on the type of project, mode of finance and owner of the project. International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), Public Work Department 203A (PWD203A), Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) Standards form of contract are widely implemented in Malaysia. In generally, each standard form of contract aims at ensuring effective, efficient and non-disputable contract administration. Nonetheless, variations arise in certain matters. This paper appraises the differences in roles and responsibilities of contract administrator as stipulated in each forms, namely PWD203A, PAM and FIDIC via literature review on some different types of forms of contract used in Malaysia. This aim can be achieved by determining the important factors affecting final account closing success caused by contract administrator, and investigating the differences between forms of contract. The understanding of these roles and responsibilities is important at the preliminary stage especially in selecting superintending party as well as identifying the contract liability in the persuasion of the contract. This paper shows that the use of contract documents either FIDIC, PAM and PWD 203A is dependent on the project owner/employer, type of project as well as the nature of a project and financing involved. Most of the projects under the government will apply PWD203A contract document while the private sector will use PAM contract document and FIDIC contract document will be used for projects involving international contracts.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123387066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.5
Patricia Elena Rivas Dawn, H. E. Cuanalo de la Cerda, J. Berdugo
Education provides the opportunity to overcome poverty and attain greater wellbeing. An evaluation was done of the impact of education - understood as formation of knowledge, values and attitudes – on wellbeing in high school students in a poor rural zone of Yucatan, Mexico. A total of 223 (94 women, 129 men) students from 14 to 19 years of age answered an instrument covering two wellbeing dimensions: eating habits and self-concept. Statistical analyses of their answers showed education to have an effect only in some aspects of eating habits. Differences by sex were present in both eating habits and selfconcept, and age affected only self-concept. The education offered these students had only a minimal effect on improving their wellbeing, undermining one of the overarching purposes of education.
{"title":"Effect of Education on Wellbeing Among High School Students in a Poor Rural Zone of Yucatan, Mexico","authors":"Patricia Elena Rivas Dawn, H. E. Cuanalo de la Cerda, J. Berdugo","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.5","url":null,"abstract":"Education provides the opportunity to overcome poverty and attain greater wellbeing. An evaluation was done of the impact of education - understood as formation of knowledge, values and attitudes – on wellbeing in high school students in a poor rural zone of Yucatan, Mexico. A total of 223 (94 women, 129 men) students from 14 to 19 years of age answered an instrument covering two wellbeing dimensions: eating habits and self-concept. Statistical analyses of their answers showed education to have an effect only in some aspects of eating habits. Differences by sex were present in both eating habits and selfconcept, and age affected only self-concept. The education offered these students had only a minimal effect on improving their wellbeing, undermining one of the overarching purposes of education.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128127255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.3
Minho Yoem
Evaluation-based higher education reform policies in South Korea have been hot issues among stakeholders including policy makers, professors, and university leaderships since the 1990s. This paper analyzes the aims and contents of the different types of evaluation that have been systematically and practically enforced in Korean higher education as part of its reform initiatives and discusses its’ limitations and possibilities for improving higher education quality. By employing content analysis including government documents and related articles this paper first reviews the developmental phases, focusing on the types and contents, of evaluation policies initiated at the government level. Then, the paper explores some characteristics of the evaluation policies since the mid-1990s. Lastly, this study discusses its’ limitations and possibilities of the evaluation based higher education reform by considering major issues which appeared in the process of implementing the evaluation policies.
{"title":"Limitations and Possibilities of Evaluation-based Higher Education Reform in South Korea","authors":"Minho Yoem","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.3","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation-based higher education reform policies in South Korea have been hot issues among stakeholders including policy makers, professors, and university leaderships since the 1990s. This paper analyzes the aims and contents of the different types of evaluation that have been systematically and practically enforced in Korean higher education as part of its reform initiatives and discusses its’ limitations and possibilities for improving higher education quality. By employing content analysis including government documents and related articles this paper first reviews the developmental phases, focusing on the types and contents, of evaluation policies initiated at the government level. Then, the paper explores some characteristics of the evaluation policies since the mid-1990s. Lastly, this study discusses its’ limitations and possibilities of the evaluation based higher education reform by considering major issues which appeared in the process of implementing the evaluation policies.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124239386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.6
Johari Surif
This paper was conducted to determine students’ conceptions about the particulate nature of matter (PNM) in daily life events. Five open ended questions from Nature of Matter-Diagnostic Questions (NMDQ) were used to collect the data through questionnaire survey. 32 secondary students were chosen through random sampling for this study. A qualitative and quantitative methodology was used for this investigation. The findings were analyses using descriptive statistics via Statistical Package in the Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The results showed that the type of conceptual understandings among the students on the submicroscopic level of matter were classified as alternative understanding with scientific fragments. They have alternative conceptions about the submicroscopic level of particles such as the arrangement and relative spacing between the particles in three states of matter, the movement of water particles and solid particles in a liquid and the movement and uniform distribution of liquid molecules in another liquid. Hence, this paper suggests that the instruction on the particulate nature of matter is needed in helping students making connections between the three levels which chemistry can both taught and understood. It is proposed that by emphasizing the three levels of chemistry in describing common, everyday phenomena to which students could relate would make the instruction more effective.
{"title":"Malaysia Secondary Students' Conceptions about the Particulate Nature of Matter","authors":"Johari Surif","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper was conducted to determine students’ conceptions about the particulate nature of matter (PNM) in daily life events. Five open ended questions from Nature of Matter-Diagnostic Questions (NMDQ) were used to collect the data through questionnaire survey. 32 secondary students were chosen through random sampling for this study. A qualitative and quantitative methodology was used for this investigation. The findings were analyses using descriptive statistics via Statistical Package in the Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The results showed that the type of conceptual understandings among the students on the submicroscopic level of matter were classified as alternative understanding with scientific fragments. They have alternative conceptions about the submicroscopic level of particles such as the arrangement and relative spacing between the particles in three states of matter, the movement of water particles and solid particles in a liquid and the movement and uniform distribution of liquid molecules in another liquid. Hence, this paper suggests that the instruction on the particulate nature of matter is needed in helping students making connections between the three levels which chemistry can both taught and understood. It is proposed that by emphasizing the three levels of chemistry in describing common, everyday phenomena to which students could relate would make the instruction more effective.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.2
M. A. Siddiqui
Through this paper an attempt is made to focus on a special technology based on application of thrust reverser in turbofan engine which is common to the aviation industries but an uncommon in general. The airlines accept that thrust reverser is necessary for safe operations because it provides an added margin of safety for transport aircraft operations. In this technology, forward thrust produced by turbofan engine of aircraft is diverged to reverse direction so as to provide an additional deceleration effect during landing and power back effect. This technique is employed for improving aircraft runway performance and it is observed that by using thrust reverser especially in wet runway there is considerable reduction in landing run which is responsible for safety of passenger aircraft. Different mechanisms for thrust reverser are Cascade system, Clamshell door system and Bucket target system. Technical aspects such as engine power reverse thrust characteristics, modes of operation and speed limits of thrust reverser mechanism along with technical problems are discussed. As this mechanism is crucial for safety of aircraft therefore thrust reverser & engine maintenance-schedule is also discussed further.
{"title":"Utilization of Thrust Reverser Mechanism in Turbofan Engines – A Review","authors":"M. A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.2","url":null,"abstract":"Through this paper an attempt is made to focus on a special technology based on application of thrust reverser in turbofan engine which is common to the aviation industries but an uncommon in general. The airlines accept that thrust reverser is necessary for safe operations because it provides an added margin of safety for transport aircraft operations. In this technology, forward thrust produced by turbofan engine of aircraft is diverged to reverse direction so as to provide an additional deceleration effect during landing and power back effect. This technique is employed for improving aircraft runway performance and it is observed that by using thrust reverser especially in wet runway there is considerable reduction in landing run which is responsible for safety of passenger aircraft. Different mechanisms for thrust reverser are Cascade system, Clamshell door system and Bucket target system. Technical aspects such as engine power reverse thrust characteristics, modes of operation and speed limits of thrust reverser mechanism along with technical problems are discussed. As this mechanism is crucial for safety of aircraft therefore thrust reverser & engine maintenance-schedule is also discussed further.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127971717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-05DOI: 10.46300/91014.2022.16.4
P. Poulova, M. Černá, I. Šimonová
At the beginning of this millennium the European Commission announced eLearning to be a strategic plan for developing new trends in gradual and lifelong education. Analogous to other European countries also in the Czech Republic strong emphasis was put on education, particularly on improving competences in the field of ICT and foreign languages. Adequate changes reflecting these global tendencies in the last decade were run on all levels of the Czech educational system – from the primary to the tertiary level, including the lifelong education. These tendencies are strongly reflected in engineering education. Despite the starting problems in the last decade, eLearning has become a standard within the tertiary education. The eLearning forms of instruction at universities can be used in both gradual study programmes and lifelong education. eLearning can be applied in the distance study programmes, in the combined (part-time) form of instruction or supporting present lessons (blended learning).
{"title":"eLearning -15 Years at Czech Universities","authors":"P. Poulova, M. Černá, I. Šimonová","doi":"10.46300/91014.2022.16.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2022.16.4","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of this millennium the European Commission announced eLearning to be a strategic plan for developing new trends in gradual and lifelong education. Analogous to other European countries also in the Czech Republic strong emphasis was put on education, particularly on improving competences in the field of ICT and foreign languages. Adequate changes reflecting these global tendencies in the last decade were run on all levels of the Czech educational system – from the primary to the tertiary level, including the lifelong education. These tendencies are strongly reflected in engineering education. Despite the starting problems in the last decade, eLearning has become a standard within the tertiary education. The eLearning forms of instruction at universities can be used in both gradual study programmes and lifelong education. eLearning can be applied in the distance study programmes, in the combined (part-time) form of instruction or supporting present lessons (blended learning).","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.46300/91014.2021.15.15
Amaria Wael, Seddik Hassene, Bouslehi Hamdi
Indeed, the current cryptography suffers from the rise of the computing power of computers and the advent of quantum computers could be the death knell of these algorithms. Therefore, with this paper, we present a new encryption approach based on chaotic outputs to insure more protection. This approach combines two encryption techniques in addition to random permutation. The first one consists to put in disorder binary data and the second technique is based on conditional logical function. The choice between those two techniques is perfectly random and generated from chaotic outputs. Each process has her own keys which make the encryption more complicated.
{"title":"Poly Encrypted Text Based on Dynamic Selection and Chaotic Behavior","authors":"Amaria Wael, Seddik Hassene, Bouslehi Hamdi","doi":"10.46300/91014.2021.15.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2021.15.15","url":null,"abstract":"Indeed, the current cryptography suffers from the rise of the computing power of computers and the advent of quantum computers could be the death knell of these algorithms. Therefore, with this paper, we present a new encryption approach based on chaotic outputs to insure more protection. This approach combines two encryption techniques in addition to random permutation. The first one consists to put in disorder binary data and the second technique is based on conditional logical function. The choice between those two techniques is perfectly random and generated from chaotic outputs. Each process has her own keys which make the encryption more complicated.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123783855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.46300/91014.2021.15.17
Yang Xiao, Jinfeng Kou
In this paper, we propose a sufficient stability condition for networked systems with multiple delays based on the 2-D polynomials and 2-D Hurwitz-Schur stability. The main advantage of the new stability condition is that it is applicable to the general case of networked systems with multiple, incommensurate delays yet numerically tractable. The characteristic polynomials of networked systems are mapping into 2-D hybrid polynomials, then to test the Hurwitz-Schur stability can. determine the networked systems, examples including system simulations verify the validity of the proposed test algorithms.
{"title":"Stability Test of Networked Systems with Multiple Delays","authors":"Yang Xiao, Jinfeng Kou","doi":"10.46300/91014.2021.15.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2021.15.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a sufficient stability condition for networked systems with multiple delays based on the 2-D polynomials and 2-D Hurwitz-Schur stability. The main advantage of the new stability condition is that it is applicable to the general case of networked systems with multiple, incommensurate delays yet numerically tractable. The characteristic polynomials of networked systems are mapping into 2-D hybrid polynomials, then to test the Hurwitz-Schur stability can. determine the networked systems, examples including system simulations verify the validity of the proposed test algorithms.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114479309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.46300/91014.2021.15.16
Thaweesak Trongtirakul
Image enhancement is one of using in various digital signal processing areas. Advances in microcontrollers, microcomputers and computers have developed traditional algorithms in order to improve the quality of the resulting image and have implied many avenues to the design of new innovations using various techniques. This paper proposes contrast enhancement using weighted bi-histogram equalization based on distributed area ratio. Moreover, this technique must use a weighted factor which is calculated by the ratio of the histogram distribution. Likewise, an original image will be equalized by the modification of the probability density function of the gray levels. As result of the experiment, the contrast of resulting image is improved for implement and human perception – as well as also reduces the absolute mean brightness error (AMBE) than the traditional technique of image enhancement.
{"title":"Image Enhancement Using Weighted Bi-Histogram Equalization","authors":"Thaweesak Trongtirakul","doi":"10.46300/91014.2021.15.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91014.2021.15.16","url":null,"abstract":"Image enhancement is one of using in various digital signal processing areas. Advances in microcontrollers, microcomputers and computers have developed traditional algorithms in order to improve the quality of the resulting image and have implied many avenues to the design of new innovations using various techniques. This paper proposes contrast enhancement using weighted bi-histogram equalization based on distributed area ratio. Moreover, this technique must use a weighted factor which is calculated by the ratio of the histogram distribution. Likewise, an original image will be equalized by the modification of the probability density function of the gray levels. As result of the experiment, the contrast of resulting image is improved for implement and human perception – as well as also reduces the absolute mean brightness error (AMBE) than the traditional technique of image enhancement.","PeriodicalId":130506,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130946196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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