A group of high-speed, low-power monolithic thin-film diode transistor logic (DTL) circuits is described for computer and counter applications. A basic die rather than a master wafer approach was taken since most circuits in the DTL system can be fabricated in terms of the basic single-NAND gate. Propagation delay times of 4.5 nanoseconds for the basic NAND gate have been achieved, with a typical average of 6 nanoseconds at a power level of 11.7 mw. Average set and reset times on RS flip-flops are typically 16 and 18 nanoseconds, respectively. The basic die pattern is such that a fan-in expander, single-NAND gate, dual-NAND gate, RS flip-flop, and a binary element can be made in single-chip form by simple changes in the final interconnection mask. Methods of measurement and applications to counters, adders, and shift registers are discussed.
{"title":"High-Speed Integrated Monolithic Thin-Film Compatible Diode Transistor Logic Circuits","authors":"N. Fuschillo, J. Kroboth, T. Pardue","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319843","url":null,"abstract":"A group of high-speed, low-power monolithic thin-film diode transistor logic (DTL) circuits is described for computer and counter applications. A basic die rather than a master wafer approach was taken since most circuits in the DTL system can be fabricated in terms of the basic single-NAND gate. Propagation delay times of 4.5 nanoseconds for the basic NAND gate have been achieved, with a typical average of 6 nanoseconds at a power level of 11.7 mw. Average set and reset times on RS flip-flops are typically 16 and 18 nanoseconds, respectively. The basic die pattern is such that a fan-in expander, single-NAND gate, dual-NAND gate, RS flip-flop, and a binary element can be made in single-chip form by simple changes in the final interconnection mask. Methods of measurement and applications to counters, adders, and shift registers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88507715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fuschillo, R. Gibson, F. K. Eggleston, J. Epstein
The theory, design, fabrication, and testing of flat plate thermoelectric generator panels for nearearth orbits are described. These panels are capable of producing 3 watts/ft2 and 15 watts/ pound when operating in a near-earth orbit. The potential advantages of these solar energy converters, as compared to photovoltaic cells, are discussed and include higher radiation resistance, improved watts/pound, and lower cost on a perwatt basis.
{"title":"Theory and Performance of Flat Plate Solar Thermoelectric Generator for Near-Earth Orbits","authors":"N. Fuschillo, R. Gibson, F. K. Eggleston, J. Epstein","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319865","url":null,"abstract":"The theory, design, fabrication, and testing of flat plate thermoelectric generator panels for nearearth orbits are described. These panels are capable of producing 3 watts/ft2 and 15 watts/ pound when operating in a near-earth orbit. The potential advantages of these solar energy converters, as compared to photovoltaic cells, are discussed and include higher radiation resistance, improved watts/pound, and lower cost on a perwatt basis.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77737045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new static-exciter has been designed for the SNAP-8 electrical generating system, a nuclear powered 80 kva 3 phase, 400 cps space power supply built for NASA Lewis by Aerojet-General Corporation. The exciter-regulator incorporates many new features to meet the requirements for unattended long life in a space and radioactive environment. The design criteria placed reliability far above weight, volume and losses. The result is an exciter regulator which promises to be more reliable than a similar conventional aircraft system by several orders of magnitude.
{"title":"Exciter-Regulator for the SNAP-8 Space Power System","authors":"A. M. Dryer, R. Male","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319853","url":null,"abstract":"A new static-exciter has been designed for the SNAP-8 electrical generating system, a nuclear powered 80 kva 3 phase, 400 cps space power supply built for NASA Lewis by Aerojet-General Corporation. The exciter-regulator incorporates many new features to meet the requirements for unattended long life in a space and radioactive environment. The design criteria placed reliability far above weight, volume and losses. The result is an exciter regulator which promises to be more reliable than a similar conventional aircraft system by several orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81173909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents data for power transmission up to a frequency of 5000 cycles per second and enables calculation of the resistance and inductance of a transmission line delivering high frequency power. Classical expressions are involved. Graphs and data are presented from which values can be selected and the transmission line parameters easily determined. A knowledge of these parameters enables the design of an efficient and acceptable high frequency power transmission system.
{"title":"Power Transmission at High Frequency","authors":"F. P. Emery, D. Irani","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319829","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents data for power transmission up to a frequency of 5000 cycles per second and enables calculation of the resistance and inductance of a transmission line delivering high frequency power. Classical expressions are involved. Graphs and data are presented from which values can be selected and the transmission line parameters easily determined. A knowledge of these parameters enables the design of an efficient and acceptable high frequency power transmission system.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75035503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theoretical analysis based on electromagnetic field theory is given for high speed aerospace induction motors whose solid rotor is provided with layers of highly permeable and highly conductive materials. Numerical solutions indicate that the efficiency of the rotor as compared with a solid iron rotor is increased considerably. The torque-speed characteristic of the composite rotor motor rises steeply and is nearly flat between 20 and 100 percent slip. The design approaches the characteristic of a multiple cage motor. Operating temperatures are considerably reduced.
{"title":"Aerospace Composite-Rotor Induction Motors","authors":"J. Wilson, E. Erdelyi, R. E. Hopkins","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319776","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical analysis based on electromagnetic field theory is given for high speed aerospace induction motors whose solid rotor is provided with layers of highly permeable and highly conductive materials. Numerical solutions indicate that the efficiency of the rotor as compared with a solid iron rotor is increased considerably. The torque-speed characteristic of the composite rotor motor rises steeply and is nearly flat between 20 and 100 percent slip. The design approaches the characteristic of a multiple cage motor. Operating temperatures are considerably reduced.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90123674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use in experimental gas dynamics of the electron beam fluorescence technique has been discussed. The several successes of this probing method have not been exhaustively reviewed; rather, emphasis has been placed on those aspects of an energetic electron beam's interactions with a gas that are not yet satisfactorily understood. The uncertainties which presently inhibit the development of the technique's full capabilities have been specified. It has been shown that many of the principal problems associated with the beam probe originate in the emission excited by secondary electrons. Also, in some cases, diffusion of the beam excited fluorescence as a result of resonance transitions can be a concern. The desirability of undertaking studies that will extend the technique's present operating range and accuracy has been emphasized. A simplified instrument (Rotational Temperature Apparatus) previously described by two of the present authors for measuring static temperatures in nitrogen flows has been optimized. It was found that for an error estimation based on the statistics of counting photons the optimum instrument comprised two narrow pass band interference filters each with a half width of about 8Å.
{"title":"The Electron Beam Fluorescence Probe in Experimental Gas Dynamics","authors":"E. Muntz, S. Abel, B. Maguire","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319804","url":null,"abstract":"The use in experimental gas dynamics of the electron beam fluorescence technique has been discussed. The several successes of this probing method have not been exhaustively reviewed; rather, emphasis has been placed on those aspects of an energetic electron beam's interactions with a gas that are not yet satisfactorily understood. The uncertainties which presently inhibit the development of the technique's full capabilities have been specified. It has been shown that many of the principal problems associated with the beam probe originate in the emission excited by secondary electrons. Also, in some cases, diffusion of the beam excited fluorescence as a result of resonance transitions can be a concern. The desirability of undertaking studies that will extend the technique's present operating range and accuracy has been emphasized. A simplified instrument (Rotational Temperature Apparatus) previously described by two of the present authors for measuring static temperatures in nitrogen flows has been optimized. It was found that for an error estimation based on the statistics of counting photons the optimum instrument comprised two narrow pass band interference filters each with a half width of about 8Å.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83206025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eddy current losses in rotor tooth-heads of homopolar alternators are generally high and a limiting factor of design. A method is established to calculate eddy current losses in rotor designs with titanium wedges in the intertooth space. A computer program solves numerically the boundary value problem that yields the electric field intensity in the conducting materials. Inverter loads on an experimental 95 KVA, 3,400 cps, three-phase homopolar alternator are calculated to be approximately five percent.
{"title":"Eddy Current Losses in the Rotor Teeth of Aerospace Homopolar Alternators","authors":"E. Erdelyi, R. F. Jackson, S. Ahamed, M. Shah","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319777","url":null,"abstract":"The eddy current losses in rotor tooth-heads of homopolar alternators are generally high and a limiting factor of design. A method is established to calculate eddy current losses in rotor designs with titanium wedges in the intertooth space. A computer program solves numerically the boundary value problem that yields the electric field intensity in the conducting materials. Inverter loads on an experimental 95 KVA, 3,400 cps, three-phase homopolar alternator are calculated to be approximately five percent.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75186054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a program for the development of aircraft and missile electromagnetic windows to operate at temperatures above 800°F. Included is a review of the experimental work involved in developing a radome composite, high temperature design data and electromagnetic window model fabrication. Experimental work performed in developing the basic composite and much of the design data was sponsored under Air Force Contract No. AF 33(657)-11469. Investigation has shown that the material offers an electromagnetic window life of several hundred hours at 1000°F and several minutes life at 2500°F. This is accomplished from a reinforced aluminum phosphate ceramic material that is processed by conventional fiberglass reinforced plastic fabrication methods.
{"title":"Fiber Reinforced Ceramics for Electromagnetic Window Applications","authors":"V. A. Chase, R. Copeland","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319842","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a program for the development of aircraft and missile electromagnetic windows to operate at temperatures above 800°F. Included is a review of the experimental work involved in developing a radome composite, high temperature design data and electromagnetic window model fabrication. Experimental work performed in developing the basic composite and much of the design data was sponsored under Air Force Contract No. AF 33(657)-11469. Investigation has shown that the material offers an electromagnetic window life of several hundred hours at 1000°F and several minutes life at 2500°F. This is accomplished from a reinforced aluminum phosphate ceramic material that is processed by conventional fiberglass reinforced plastic fabrication methods.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76996399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flight monitoring and control of manned spacecraft requires near-real-time assessment of large quantities of complex data. To provide centralized control, a Mission Control Center has been established at the Manned Spacecraft Center at Houston, Texas. This paper describes the design philosophy for the Display and Control System, with emphasis on modularity, versatility, and reliability. Technical and operational details are provided for the equipment designed and implemented to satisfy the flight control requirements.
{"title":"Mission Control Center - Houston Display and Control System","authors":"C. D. McKinney","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319791","url":null,"abstract":"Flight monitoring and control of manned spacecraft requires near-real-time assessment of large quantities of complex data. To provide centralized control, a Mission Control Center has been established at the Manned Spacecraft Center at Houston, Texas. This paper describes the design philosophy for the Display and Control System, with emphasis on modularity, versatility, and reliability. Technical and operational details are provided for the equipment designed and implemented to satisfy the flight control requirements.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88622556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper points out the primary human engineering requirements now being called out in the new government program management documents. The primary points of integration of human engineering to establish man machine design and test requirements are indicated. A recommended composition of various teams and management of this discipline in industry is presented as a means of complying with system management contractual obligations.
{"title":"The Integration and Management of Human Engineering for Electronic and Electrical System Design","authors":"R. Y. Walker","doi":"10.1109/TA.1965.4319819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TA.1965.4319819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper points out the primary human engineering requirements now being called out in the new government program management documents. The primary points of integration of human engineering to establish man machine design and test requirements are indicated. A recommended composition of various teams and management of this discipline in industry is presented as a means of complying with system management contractual obligations.","PeriodicalId":13050,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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