Histology and histopathology最新文献

Background: The number of older organ donors is increasing due to the aging population. Aged kidneys often face problems such as delayed graft function but previous murine experiments suggested the possibilities of rejuvenation, for example, in a parabiosis setting between old and young mice. To investigate kidney-graft rejuvenation, we compared an old-to-young (O-Y) patient transplantation group and a transplantation group with donors/recipients of approx. the same age (SA) with the renal senescence marker p16 in kidney biopsy samples at baseline and one year post-transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our hospital's 32 cases of living-donor ABO-compatible transplants performed between 2013-2020. Both the baseline and one-year biopsy (n=9) or only the baseline biopsy (n=32) were analyzed. We divided the nine cases into an O-Y group (donors' median age 68 yrs, recipients 41, difference -27) and an SA group (donors' median age 53 yrs, recipients 51.5, difference -3.5). p16 was stained with the clones JC8 and E6H4 to determine the precise p16-positive rate.

Results: The 32 baseline biopsies' p16-positive rate was weakly related to donor age, suggesting that the p16-positive rate can help evaluate kidney senescence. The (n=5) O-Y group's p16-positive rates were at baseline 0.08 and one year 0.12; the (n=4) SA group's rate was 0.03 at both baseline and one year.

Conclusions: No kidney rejuvenation was observed, even when old donor kidneys went to young recipients.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological and morphological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma (SRCHC) of the axilla.

Methods: The clinical manifestations, pathomorphological characteristics, and immunohistochemical staining results of a case of primary SRCHC in the axilla were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results: The patient was a 69-year-old male. Subcutaneous gray-white nodules with unclear boundaries were visible. Microscopic examination: The tumor was located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor cells were arranged in a cord-like, soldier-like, or nest-like shape, with mild to moderate atypia. Some cells had obvious nucleoli. The tumor cytoplasm was eosinophilic, and mucoid material inside and outside the cells could be seen, showing a signet-ring-like or histiocytoid appearance. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for GCDFP-15, CK7, E-cadherin, AR, P120, GATA3 and negative for Villin, S-100, CK20, SMA, P63, CD68, TTF-1, NapsinA, ER, PR, and Ki-67 proliferation index (8%), HER2(2+) and FISH(-). The special staining AB-PAS (AB+,PAS-).

Conclusion: Cutaneous axillary primary SRCHC is extremely rare and highly invasive and needs to be differentiated from a variety of metastatic tumors (breast, digestive system, lung, etc.).

Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3)/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT) play a critical role in tumorigenesis, however, there is limited information on its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this question, 239 lung cancer and 71 normal lung tissue samples were obtained in this study. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect STAT3/p-STAT3 expression. Pearson's Chi-squared test and the Kaplan-Meier method were conducted to evaluate associations with patients' clinical characteristics and survival. According to our results, STAT3/p-STAT3 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissue (p<0.001). Moreover, p-STAT3 expression was significantly correlated with age (p=0.046) and pathological types (p=0.037). In survival analysis, STAT3 positivity was negatively associated with survival in patients older than 60 years (p=0.043) but failed to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p=0.083). Therefore, STAT3/p-STAT3 may serve as a critical biomarker in NSCLC.

Exosomes secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in cancer progression. This study aimed to explore the effects of CAF exosomes on prostate cancer (PC) cell metastasis. PC cells were treated with these exosomes, and their processes were evaluated using cell-counting kit-8 and Transwell assays. Exosome-regulated mRNAs were explored using quantitative real-time PCR. The relationship between FGL1 and SOX5 was analyzed using co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. The results of this study showed that exosomes derived from CAFs promoted PC cell viability, migration, and invasion. CAFs promoted PC cell viability and metastasis by releasing exosomes. Exosome treatment increased the levels of FGL1, which interacted with SOX5 and negatively regulated its expression. Rescue experiments demonstrated that CAF exosomes promoted the biological behaviors of PC cells by upregulating FGL1 and downregulating SOX5. Moreover, exosomes accelerated tumor growth by regulating the FGL1 level. In conclusion, CAF-derived exosomes promoted PC cell viability, migration, and invasion by elevating the FGL1/SOX5 axis, suggesting a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic PC.

Objectives: Multispectral imaging (MSI) has been utilized to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, however, our understanding of the prognostic value of nuclear morphological parameters of bright-field MSI in CRC is still limited. This study was designed to compare the efficiency of MSI and standard red-green-blue (RGB) images in predicting the prognosis of CRC.

Methods: We compared the efficiency of MS and conventional RGB images on the quantitative assessment of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained histopathology images. A pipeline was developed using a pixel-wise support vector machine (SVM) classifier for gland-stroma segmentation, and a marker-controlled watershed algorithm was used for nuclei segmentation. The correlation between extracted morphological parameters and the five-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) was analyzed.

Results: Forty-seven nuclear morphological parameters were extracted in total. Based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, eight features derived from MS images and seven featured derived from RGB images were significantly associated with 5-DFS, respectively. Compared with RGB images, MSI showed higher accuracy, precision, and Dice index in nuclei segmentation. Multivariate analysis indicated that both integrated parameters 1 (factors negatively correlated with CRC prognosis including nuclear number, circularity, eccentricity, major axis length) and 2 (factors positively correlated with CRC prognosis including nuclear average area, area perimeter, total area/total perimeter ratio, average area/perimeter ratio) in MS images were independent prognostic factors of 5-DFS, in contrast with only integrated parameter 1 (P<0.001) in RGB images. More importantly, the quantification of HE-stained MS images displayed higher accuracy in predicting 5-DFS compared with RGB images (76.9% vs 70.9%).

Conclusions: Quantitative evaluation of HE-stained MS images could yield more information and better predictive performance for CRC prognosis than conventional RGB images, thereby contributing to precision oncology.

The aim of the study was the histological and morphometrical evaluation of the urethral wall at three time points after bioresorbable stent implantation in male New Zealand White Rabbits. The research was performed on 26 male New Zealand White rabbits aged 3-4 months and weighing 2.1-3.0 kg. Two models of bioresorbable sodium alginate-based stents were developed and implanted into the urethral lumen for one (T1), three (T3), and six weeks (T6). Sections of 5 µm thickness were cut from the urethra at intervals of 2 mm. The sliced sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Van Gieson's (VG), Von Kossa, and Movat-Russell modified pentachrome (MOVAT) staining methods. The study provided valuable information for future models of urethral stents. The first model of the stent failed to fit the requirements due to inadequate mechanical properties. It curled up on itself losing the ability to adhere to the animals' urethra and was bioresorbed three weeks after implantation. The more rigid no. 2 stent was effective in widening the urethral lumen but did not biodegrade during the experiment. A comprehensive assessment of the second model's properties of biosorption and biointegration requires an extended observation of at least 12 months for an in depth morphological analysis. Stent migration is not likely to be caused solely by the mechanical properties of the urethra or urinary flow but mainly by muscle contraction of the organ wall.

While several treatment choices exist for cervical cancer, such as surgical therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, some patients will still show poor prognosis. HPV infection is a principal factor for cervical cancer development, from early inflammation to proliferation, angiogenesis, and neoplastic growth. While HPV T-cell responses exist, the tumor seems to evade the immune system upon its tolerance. The latter suggests the existence of a confluent tumor microenvironment responsible for the evasion tactics employed by the neoplasm. Therefore, novel biomarkers governing prognosis and treatment planning must be developed, with several studies tackling the significance of the tumor microenvironment in the genesis, development, proliferation, and overall response of cervical cancer during neoplastic processes. This review aims to analyze and contemplate the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and its role in prognosis, progression, evasion, and invasion, including therapeutic outcome and overall survival.

Background: The current selection criteria of patients with stage II colorectal carcinoma (CRC) suitable for adjuvant therapy are not satisfactory. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been demonstrated to be over-expressed in CRC. However, data regarding the role of EZH2 in CRC survival remains controversial, and little is known about it in stage II CRC. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the clinical significance of EZH2 expression in stage II CRC.

Methods: Cases with stage II CRC resected between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. EZH2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The relationship between EZH2 expression and clinicopathological variables was analyzed. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier approach.

Results: We found high EZH2 expression in 134 of 221 analyzable stage II tumors (60.63%). No significant associations were observed between EZH2 expression and common clinicopathological factors. Survival analyses showed that cases receiving surgery alone had inferior overall survival (OS) than those receiving surgery and chemotherapy (P=0.0075) in stage II CRC with high EZH2 expression, however, metastasis-free survival (MFS) was similar between these two subgroups. Treatment choice had no impact on the survival of stage II CRC with low EZH2 expression.

Conclusion: The OS of stage II CRC with high EZH2 expression improved more strikingly with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy than with surgery alone, which suggests the potential of EZH2 expression as a biomarker to help identify a subgroup of early-stage CRC benefiting from surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. More large-scale studies are warranted to corroborate this finding and to further evaluate the predictive nature of EZH2.

Sepsis frequently causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure in patients. Neoastilbin (NAS) is a flavonoid that plays vital functions in inflammation. This work aims to investigate the protective effects of NAS against sepsis-induced liver and kidney injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. The mouse model was established using cecal ligation puncture (CLP) induction. NAS was given to mice by gavage for 7 consecutive days before surgery. Liver and kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in serum or tissues were examined by ELISA or related kits. The expression of relevant proteins was assessed by Western blot. Hematoxylin and eosin and/or periodic acid-Schiff staining revealed that NAS ameliorated the pathological damage in liver and kidney tissues of CLP-induced mice. NAS improved liver and kidney functions, as evidenced by elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, Creatinine, ALT, and AST in the serum of septic mice. TUNEL assay and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax showed that NAS dramatically reduced apoptosis in liver and renal tissues. NAS treatment lowered the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, while elevated the superoxide dismutase content in liver and kidney tissues of CLP-induced mice. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the serum and both tissues of CLP-injured mice were markedly decreased by NAS. Mechanically, NAS downregulated TLR4 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation, and overexpression of TLR4 reversed the protective effects of NAS against liver and kidney injury. Collectively, NAS attenuated CLP-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction in the liver and kidney by restraining the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

All mammalian eggs are surrounded by a relatively thick extracellular matrix (ECM) or zona pellucida (ZP) to which free-swimming sperm bind in a species-restricted manner during fertilization. The ZP consists of either three (e.g., Mus musculus) or four (e.g., Homo sapiens) glycosylated proteins, called ZP1-4. These proteins are unlike those found in somatic cell ECM, are encoded by single-copy genes on different chromosomes, and are well conserved among different mammals. Mammalian ZP proteins are synthesized as polypeptide precursors by growing oocytes that will become ovulated, unfertilized eggs. These precursors are processed to remove a signal-sequence and carboxy-terminal propeptide and are secreted into the extracellular space. Secreted ZP proteins assemble into long, crosslinked fibrils that exhibit a structural repeat due to the presence of ZP2-ZP3 dimers every 140 Å or so along fibrils. Fibrils are crosslinked by ZP1 and are oriented either perpendicular, parallel, or randomly to the plasma membrane of eggs depending on their position in the ZP. Free-swimming mouse sperm recognize and bind to ZP2 or ZP3 that serve as sperm receptors. Acrosome-intact sperm bind to ZP3 oligosaccharides and acrosome-reacted sperm bind to ZP2 polypeptide. ZP fibrils fail to assemble in the absence of either nascent ZP2 or ZP3 and results in mouse eggs that lack a ZP and female infertility. Gene sequence variations due to point, missense, or frameshift mutations in genes encoding ZP1-4 result in human eggs that lack a ZP or have an abnormal ZP and female infertility. These and other features of the mouse and human egg's ZP are discussed here.