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Investigation of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of AgInSe2 Thin Films AgInSe2薄膜结构、光学和电学性质的研究
Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1848
I. Khudayer, B. Ali, M. H. Mustafa, A. J. Ibrahim
The Silver1Indium1Selenide (AgInSe2) (AIS) thin1films of (3001±20) nm thickness  have been1prepared2from the compound alloys2using thermal evaporation2 technique onto the glass2substrate at room temperature, with a deposition rate2(3±0.1) nm2sec-1. The2structural, optical and electrical3properties have been studied3at different annealing3temperatures (Ta=450, 550 and 650) K. The amount3or (concentration) of the elements3(Ag, In, Se) in the  prepared alloy3was verified using  an energy dispersive3x-ray spectrometer (EDS)3technology. X-ray diffraction3analysis shows that AIS alloy  prepared as (powder) and the thin films3are polycrystalline  of tetragonal3structure with preferential orientation3(112). The crystalline3size increases  as a function3of annealing temperature. The atomic force3microscope (AFM) technique  was used to examine3the  topography  and  estimate3the surface roughness, also the  average grain3size of the films. The results show3that the grain size increases3with annealing3temperature.   The optical4band gap of the films lies4in the range 1.6-1.9 eV. The films4appear to be4n-type indicating that the electrons4as a dominant charge4carrier. The electrical conductivity4increases  with a corresponding4increase in annealing4temperature.
在室温下,利用热蒸发技术在玻璃衬底上制备了厚度为(3001±20)nm的硒化银铟(AgInSe2) (AIS)薄膜,沉积速率为(3±0.1)nm2sec。在不同的退火温度(Ta=450、550和650)k下,研究了合金的结构、光学和电学性能。用能谱仪(EDS)技术验证了合金中元素(Ag、In、Se)的含量。x射线衍射分析表明,制备的AIS合金为粉末,其薄膜为具有择优取向的四边形结构的多晶(112)。晶粒尺寸随退火温度的增加而增大。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)技术对膜的形貌进行了检测,并对膜的表面粗糙度和平均晶粒尺寸进行了估计。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。薄膜的光学带隙在1.6 ~ 1.9 eV之间。薄膜呈n型,表明电子是主要的电荷载流子。电导率随着退火温度的相应升高而增加。
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引用次数: 6
First Occurrence of Three Species of the Genus Dactylogyrus Diesing , 1850 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in Iraq from Some Diyala River Fishes , Diyala Province 引用本文伊拉克迪亚拉省迪亚拉河鱼类中首次发现的三种长尾鱼属(单属:长尾鱼科
Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1843
A. Al-Saadi, Haider J. Mohammed
Three monogeneans: Dactylogyrus folkmanovae from gills of Chondrostoma regium, D. reinii from gills of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi and D. robustus from gills of Leuciscus vorax were collected from Diyala River in Diyala Province. The description, measurements and illustrations of these parasites were given.
在迪亚拉省迪亚拉河地区采集到3种单系细菌:从regium软骨瘤鱼鳃中采集到的Dactylogyrus folkmanova,从Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi鳃中采集到的reinii和从Leuciscus vorax鳃中采集到的robustus。对这些寄生虫进行了描述、测量和图解。
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引用次数: 1
Histopathological Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Kkidney and Liver Tissues in Albino Male Mice 氧化锌纳米颗粒对白化雄性小鼠肾、肝组织的组织病理学影响
Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1844
R. Salman
Objective: The present study investigated the effects of different dose levels of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the liver and kidney tissues in albino male mice. Methadology: ZnO NPs was administrated as a daily oral dose of (150, 350 mg/kg body weight) gavage for 2 weeks. Eighteen male mices were used by dividing them into three groups. Result: Histopathological examination of kidney and hepatic tissues treated with ZnO NPs showed toxicity changes compared with control group. Conclusion:This study demonstrated the ability of ZnO NPs to affect on kidney and liver tissues. Recommendation: More study needed to know the effect of different doses of nanoparticles on human health.
目的:研究不同剂量氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)对白化雄性小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的影响。方法:每日口服(150、350 mg/kg体重)氧化锌NPs灌胃2周。18只雄性小鼠被分成三组。结果:与对照组相比,氧化锌NPs处理的肾、肝组织病理检查显示毒性改变。结论:本研究证实了氧化锌NPs对肾脏和肝脏组织的影响。建议:需要更多的研究来了解不同剂量的纳米颗粒对人体健康的影响。
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引用次数: 9
The Comparison Between Different Approaches to Overcome the Multicollinearity Problem in Linear Regression Models 克服线性回归模型多重共线性问题不同方法的比较
Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1841
H. Gorgees, F. Mahdi
In the presence of multi-collinearity problem, the parameter estimation method based on the ordinary least squares procedure is unsatisfactory. In 1970, Hoerl and Kennard insert analternative method labeled as estimator of ridge regression. In such estimator, ridge parameter plays an important role in estimation. Various methods were proposed by many statisticians to select the biasing constant (ridge parameter). Another popular method that is used to deal with the multi-collinearity problem is the principal component method. In this paper,we employ the simulation technique to compare the performance of principal component estimator with some types of ordinary ridge regression estimators based on the value of the biasing constant (ridge parameter). The mean square error (MSE) is used as a criterion to assess the performance of such estimators.
在存在多重共线性问题时,基于普通最小二乘法的参数估计方法不能令人满意。1970年,Hoerl和Kennard引入了另一种方法,标记为岭回归的估计量。在这种估计中,脊参数在估计中起着重要的作用。许多统计学家提出了各种方法来选择偏置常数(脊参数)。另一种常用的处理多重共线性问题的方法是主成分法。在本文中,我们利用模拟技术比较了基于偏置常数(脊参数)值的主成分估计量与几种普通脊回归估计量的性能。均方误差(MSE)被用作评估这些估计器性能的标准。
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引用次数: 1
Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 from Fish Feedstuff Using Microwave and Ozone Gas 微波和臭氧气体对鱼饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测及脱毒研究
Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1847
F. Hassan, H. Z. Hussein, S. N. Hawar
The current study was designed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty two samples of fish feedstuff were collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 50 ppb to 1000 ppb.      Microwave and ozone were used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from sample with highest concentration (1000 ppb), two degree of temperature and two times (50°C and 100°C for 5 minute and 10 minute to each degree) of microwave, also two doses and two times (2 g and 4 g for 5 minute and 10 minute to each dose) of ozone gas were used.    Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by microwave has been found to cause a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease of aflatoxin B1, Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on temperature degrees and exposure time, also sample subjected to ozone gas caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in aflatoxin B1 contents and the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on doses and times of exposure. Results showed that ozone gas was more effective in aflatoxin B1 reduction when compared with microwave.
本研究采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术,对从伊拉克一些当地市场随机采集的32份鱼饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量进行了调查。在30个样品中检测到黄曲霉毒素B1,毒素浓度从50 ppb到1000 ppb不等。用微波和臭氧对最高浓度(1000 ppb)样品的黄曲霉毒素B1进行脱毒,2度温度和2次(50℃和100℃各5分钟和10分钟)微波,也用2剂量和2次(2 g和4 g各5分钟和10分钟)臭氧气体。发现微波降解黄曲霉毒素B1可使黄曲霉毒素B1含量显著(P≤0.05)降低,且黄曲霉毒素B1浓度与温度程度和暴露时间有关,臭氧气体对样品黄曲霉毒素B1含量也有显著(P≤0.05)降低,黄曲霉毒素B1浓度与暴露剂量和暴露次数有关。结果表明,与微波相比,臭氧气体对黄曲霉毒素B1的还原效果更好。
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引用次数: 12
Robust Watermarking Scheme for GIS Vector Maps GIS矢量图的鲁棒水印方案
Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1835
M. Gaata
With the fast progress of information technology and the computer networks, it becomes very easy to reproduce and share the geospatial data due to its digital styles. Therefore, the usage of geospatial data suffers from various problems such as data authentication, ownership proffering, and illegal copying ,etc. These problems can represent the big challenge to future uses of the geospatial data. This paper introduces a new watermarking scheme to ensure the copyright protection of the digital vector map. The main idea of proposed scheme is based on transforming  the digital map to frequently domain using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in order to determine suitable areas to insert the watermark data. The digital map is separated into the isolated parts.Watermark data are embedded within the nominated magnitudes in each part when satisfied the definite criteria. The efficiency of proposed watermarking scheme is assessed within statistical measures based on two factors which are fidelity and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed watermarking scheme representing ideal trade off for disagreement issue between distortion amount and robustness. Also, the proposed scheme shows  robust resistance for many kinds of attacks.
随着信息技术和计算机网络的飞速发展,地理空间数据的数字化特征使其复制和共享变得非常容易。因此,地理空间数据的使用面临各种问题,如数据身份验证、所有权提供和非法复制等。这些问题对未来地理空间数据的使用构成了巨大的挑战。为了保证数字矢量地图的版权保护,本文提出了一种新的水印方案。该方案的主要思想是利用奇异值分解(SVD)将数字地图转换为频繁域,从而确定插入水印数据的合适区域。数字地图被分成孤立的部分。当满足确定的标准时,水印数据被嵌入到每个部分指定的震级中。基于保真度和鲁棒性两个因素,在统计度量范围内评估了所提出的水印方案的有效性。实验结果表明,该水印方案能够很好地解决失真量和鲁棒性之间的不一致问题。同时,该方案对多种攻击具有较强的抵抗能力。
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引用次数: 3
New Steganography System Based on Huffman Coding and Fibonacci Decomposition 基于霍夫曼编码和斐波那契分解的新型隐写系统
Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1831
Fadheela Sabri Abu-Almash
Hiding secret information in the image is a challenging and painstaking task in computer security and steganography system. Certainly, the absolute intricacy of attacks to security system makes it more attractive.in this research on steganography system involving information hiding,Huffman codding used to compress the secret code before embedding which provide high capacity and some security. Fibonacci decomposition used to represent the pixels in the cover image, which increase the robustness of the system. One byte used for mapping all the pixels properties. This makes the PSNR of the system higher due to random distribution of embedded bits. Finally, three kinds of evaluation are applied such as PSNR, chi-square attack, and HVS attack.
在计算机安全和隐写系统中,隐藏图像中的秘密信息是一项具有挑战性和艰苦的任务。当然,攻击安全系统的绝对复杂性使其更具吸引力。在涉及信息隐藏的隐写系统中,采用霍夫曼编码对密文进行压缩后再嵌入,提供了高容量和一定的安全性。采用斐波那契分解来表示封面图像中的像素,增加了系统的鲁棒性。一个字节用于映射所有像素属性。由于嵌入位的随机分布,使得系统的PSNR更高。最后,采用PSNR、卡方攻击和HVS攻击三种评价方法。
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引用次数: 2
Securing Data in Wireless Body Area Network Using Hyper-Chaotic Zhou System 利用超混沌周系统保护无线体域网络中的数据
Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1833
H. Hasan
E-Health care system is one of the great technology enhancements via using medical devices through sensors worn or implanted in the patient's body. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) offers astonishing help through wireless transmission of patient's data using agreed distance in which it keeps patient's status always controlled by regular transmitting of vital data indications to the receiver. Security and privacy is a major concern in terms of data sent from WBAN and biological sensors. Several algorithms have been proposed through many hypotheses in order to find optimum solutions. In this paper, an encrypting algorithm has been proposed via using hyper-chaotic Zhou system where it provides high security, privacy, efficiency and capacity in terms of long key space that ensures high resistance possibly obtained by any threat attack, key sensitivity is too high to any slight of change could be made in the encryption key and finally good statistical characteristic's analysis where the software has been used is microsoft visual studio version 10
电子医疗保健系统是一项伟大的技术改进,通过使用医疗设备,通过佩戴或植入患者体内的传感器。无线体域网络(WBAN)提供了惊人的帮助,它通过使用约定的距离无线传输患者数据,通过定期向接收器传输重要数据指示,始终控制患者的状态。就无线宽带网络和生物传感器发送的数据而言,安全和隐私是一个主要问题。为了找到最优解,通过许多假设提出了几种算法。本文提出了一种利用超混沌周系统的加密算法,该算法在长密钥空间方面提供了高安全性、保密性、高效性和高容量,保证了对任何威胁攻击可能获得的高抵抗力,密钥敏感性太高,加密密钥的任何微小变化都可以进行,最后具有良好的统计特性分析,使用的软件是microsoft visual studio version 10
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引用次数: 2
E-Government Public Cloud Model (EGPCM) 电子政务公共云模型(EGPCM)
Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1832
Nada M. Al-Hakkak, Ban Salman Shukur, Atheel Sabih Shaker
The concept of implementing e-government systems is growing widely all around the world and becoming an interest to all governments. However, governments are still seeking for effective ways to implement e-government systems properly and successfully. As services of e-government increased and citizens’ demands expand, the e-government systems become more costly to satisfy the growing needs. The cloud computing is a technique that has been discussed lately as a solution to overcome some problems that an e-government implementation or expansion is going through. This paper is a proposal of a  new model for e-government on basis of cloud computing. E-Government Public Cloud Model EGPCM, for e-government is related to public cloud computing.
实施电子政务系统的概念在世界范围内得到了广泛的发展,并成为各国政府共同关心的问题。然而,各国政府仍在寻求有效的方法来正确和成功地实施电子政务系统。随着电子政务服务的增加和公民需求的扩大,电子政务系统的成本越来越高,难以满足日益增长的需求。云计算是最近作为解决方案讨论的一种技术,用于克服电子政务实施或扩展过程中遇到的一些问题。本文提出了一种基于云计算的电子政务新模式。电子政务公共云模型EGPCM,即电子政务与公共云计算有关。
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引用次数: 0
An Improvement of MRI Brain Images Classification Using Dragonfly Algorithm as Trainer of Artificial Neural Network 基于蜻蜓算法的人工神经网络训练器在MRI脑图像分类中的改进
Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.30526/31.1.1834
A. Abdulameer
Computer software is frequently used for medical decision support systems in different areas. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) are widely used images for brain classification issue. This paper presents an improved method for brain classification of MRI images. The proposed method contains three phases, which are, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, and an improved classification technique. In the first phase, the features of MRI images are obtained by discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the second phase, the features of MRI images have been reduced, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the last (third) stage, an improved classifier is developed. In the proposed classifier, Dragonfly algorithm is used instead of backpropagation as training algorithm for artificial neural network (ANN). Some other recent training-based Neural Networks, SVM, and KNN classifiers are used for comparison with the proposed classifier. The classifiers are utilized to classify image as normal or abnormal MRI human brain image. The results show that the proposed classifier is outperformed the other competing classifiers.
计算机软件经常用于不同领域的医疗决策支持系统。磁共振图像(MRI)被广泛应用于脑分类问题。提出了一种改进的MRI图像脑分类方法。该方法包括特征提取、降维和改进的分类技术三个阶段。在第一阶段,利用离散小波变换(DWT)获得MRI图像的特征。在第二阶段,使用主成分分析(PCA)对MRI图像的特征进行了简化。在最后(第三)阶段,开发了改进的分类器。在该分类器中,采用蜻蜓算法代替反向传播算法作为人工神经网络(ANN)的训练算法。其他一些最近的基于训练的神经网络,支持向量机和KNN分类器被用来与提出的分类器进行比较。该分类器用于对正常或异常MRI人脑图像进行分类。结果表明,该分类器的性能优于其他同类分类器。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
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