Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.3390/ruminants3010004
V. Busin, Eilidh Geddes, Gordon Robertson, Gillian Mitchell, P. Skuce, K. Waine, C. Millins, A. Forbes
Rumen fluke (RF) are trematode parasites that have increased in prevalence within European ruminant livestock since the 1990s. Morbidity and mortality can result from the development of juvenile flukes in the duodenum, however, evidence for significant impacts of adult fluke in the rumen of the final host is equivocal. The presence of rumen fluke in Scotland had not previously been quantified, so the purpose of this study was to use historical coprological data collected between 2008 and 2018 at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Glasgow to evaluate the frequency of rumen fluke infection and to compare this with the presence of liver fluke. This analysis showed evidence of adult rumen fluke in 6.6% of samples submitted, with a substantial and significant increase in positive diagnoses from 2016, following which positive rumen fluke diagnoses equaled or slightly outnumbered those of liver fluke. A prospective post-mortem examination study was also carried out to determine the presence of rumen and liver fluke in cattle and sheep, to quantify adult rumen fluke burdens and to assess any pathological changes in the reticulorumen and proximal duodenum associated with infection. The presence of rumen fluke in post-mortem cases was 26.9% (n = 18/67), the majority (66.7%, n = 12/18) with burdens of less than 100 adult rumen flukes. There was no significant difference in mean ruminal papillar density and length in animals with and without adult rumen fluke and no significant gross pathology was observed in the rumen or reticulum. Examination of animals with adult rumen fluke provided no evidence of any consistent associations with acute or chronic inflammatory changes in the duodenum. All rumen fluke collected at necropsy were identified by PCR and sequencing as Calicophoron daubneyi.
{"title":"A Study into the Identity, Patterns of Infection and Potential Pathological Effects of Rumen Fluke and the Frequency of Co-Infections with Liver Fluke in Cattle and Sheep","authors":"V. Busin, Eilidh Geddes, Gordon Robertson, Gillian Mitchell, P. Skuce, K. Waine, C. Millins, A. Forbes","doi":"10.3390/ruminants3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants3010004","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen fluke (RF) are trematode parasites that have increased in prevalence within European ruminant livestock since the 1990s. Morbidity and mortality can result from the development of juvenile flukes in the duodenum, however, evidence for significant impacts of adult fluke in the rumen of the final host is equivocal. The presence of rumen fluke in Scotland had not previously been quantified, so the purpose of this study was to use historical coprological data collected between 2008 and 2018 at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Glasgow to evaluate the frequency of rumen fluke infection and to compare this with the presence of liver fluke. This analysis showed evidence of adult rumen fluke in 6.6% of samples submitted, with a substantial and significant increase in positive diagnoses from 2016, following which positive rumen fluke diagnoses equaled or slightly outnumbered those of liver fluke. A prospective post-mortem examination study was also carried out to determine the presence of rumen and liver fluke in cattle and sheep, to quantify adult rumen fluke burdens and to assess any pathological changes in the reticulorumen and proximal duodenum associated with infection. The presence of rumen fluke in post-mortem cases was 26.9% (n = 18/67), the majority (66.7%, n = 12/18) with burdens of less than 100 adult rumen flukes. There was no significant difference in mean ruminal papillar density and length in animals with and without adult rumen fluke and no significant gross pathology was observed in the rumen or reticulum. Examination of animals with adult rumen fluke provided no evidence of any consistent associations with acute or chronic inflammatory changes in the duodenum. All rumen fluke collected at necropsy were identified by PCR and sequencing as Calicophoron daubneyi.","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86008760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.3390/ruminants3010003
High-quality academic publishing is built on a rigorous peer review system [...]
高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审制度之上[…]
{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Ruminants in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/ruminants3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants3010003","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on a rigorous peer review system [...]","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89346889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.3390/ruminants3010002
J. N. Ngcobo, T. Nedambale, K. Nephawe, T. C. Chokoe, F. V. Ramukhithi
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of flaxseed oil and ascorbic acid on the reproductive performance of South African indigenous sheep (Ovis aries). Twenty-two matured South African indigenous rams (eight BaPedi, nine Zulu, and five Namaqua Afrikaner; age of 6 years and body weight of 64.4 ± 1.6 kg) were randomly assigned into five treatment groups (NC (standard diet), PC (basal diet), FO (5% flaxseed oil), AA (4% ascorbic acid), and FO + AA (5% flaxseed oil + 4% ascorbic acid)). Semen samples were collected during the natural breeding season using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were evaluated for macroscopic (semen volume, pH, and sperm concentration) and microscopic (morphology, malondialdehyde, membrane permeability, and sperm cell motility parameters) characteristics. Eighty-one South African indigenous ewes were synchronized using controlled intravaginal drug devices impregnated with 0.3 g progesterone for 10 days and then injected with 300 IU of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin. These ewes were then hand-mated. The data were subjected to the General Linear Model (GLM) in Minitub® 2017. A cross-tabulated Chi-Squared (ꭕ2) test was used to track the frequencies of the conception rate. Treatment means were separated using Student’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) and considered significantly different when the p-value was less than 0.05. No considerable breed effect was observed for semen volume, semen pH, sperm concentration, intact membrane, and non-intact membrane. FO + AA led to higher semen volume (1.05 ± 0.06 mL), intact sperm membranes (88.83 ± 1.27%), and low malondialdehyde levels (0.37 ± 0.04 nmol/mL) in comparison to other treatment groups. Total sperm motility was higher in FO + AA (95.81 ± 0.80%) compared to FO, AA, PC, and NC. The conception rate was higher in FO (94%), AA (94%), and FO + AA (100%) when compared to NC (71%) and PC (79%). The testosterone concentration did not differ among PC, FO, AA, and FO + AA. It was concluded that the inclusion of 5% flaxseed oil (FO and FO + AA) improves both the semen quality and the conception rate of South African indigenous sheep.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil and Ascorbic Acid on the Reproductive Performance of South African Indigenous Sheep","authors":"J. N. Ngcobo, T. Nedambale, K. Nephawe, T. C. Chokoe, F. V. Ramukhithi","doi":"10.3390/ruminants3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants3010002","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of flaxseed oil and ascorbic acid on the reproductive performance of South African indigenous sheep (Ovis aries). Twenty-two matured South African indigenous rams (eight BaPedi, nine Zulu, and five Namaqua Afrikaner; age of 6 years and body weight of 64.4 ± 1.6 kg) were randomly assigned into five treatment groups (NC (standard diet), PC (basal diet), FO (5% flaxseed oil), AA (4% ascorbic acid), and FO + AA (5% flaxseed oil + 4% ascorbic acid)). Semen samples were collected during the natural breeding season using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were evaluated for macroscopic (semen volume, pH, and sperm concentration) and microscopic (morphology, malondialdehyde, membrane permeability, and sperm cell motility parameters) characteristics. Eighty-one South African indigenous ewes were synchronized using controlled intravaginal drug devices impregnated with 0.3 g progesterone for 10 days and then injected with 300 IU of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin. These ewes were then hand-mated. The data were subjected to the General Linear Model (GLM) in Minitub® 2017. A cross-tabulated Chi-Squared (ꭕ2) test was used to track the frequencies of the conception rate. Treatment means were separated using Student’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) and considered significantly different when the p-value was less than 0.05. No considerable breed effect was observed for semen volume, semen pH, sperm concentration, intact membrane, and non-intact membrane. FO + AA led to higher semen volume (1.05 ± 0.06 mL), intact sperm membranes (88.83 ± 1.27%), and low malondialdehyde levels (0.37 ± 0.04 nmol/mL) in comparison to other treatment groups. Total sperm motility was higher in FO + AA (95.81 ± 0.80%) compared to FO, AA, PC, and NC. The conception rate was higher in FO (94%), AA (94%), and FO + AA (100%) when compared to NC (71%) and PC (79%). The testosterone concentration did not differ among PC, FO, AA, and FO + AA. It was concluded that the inclusion of 5% flaxseed oil (FO and FO + AA) improves both the semen quality and the conception rate of South African indigenous sheep.","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.3390/ruminants3010001
Taylor S Sidney, G. Taiwo, M. Idowu, I. Amusan, A. P. Pech Cervantes, I. Ogunade
The amine/phenol-metabolome of rumen fluid was analyzed to identify amino acid metabolism-related biomarkers associated with phenotypic selection for low or high residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle. Fourteen beef steers (most feed-efficient (HFE; RFI = −1.89 kg/d, n = 7) and least feed-efficient (LFE; RFI = +2.05 kg/d, n = 7)) were selected from a total of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) after a 49-d feeding period in a dry lot equipped with two GrowSafe intake nodes. Rumen fluid samples were collected 4 h after feeding on d 56, 63, and 70 from the HFE and LFE beef steers. Metabolome analysis of the rumen fluid was performed using chemical isotope labeling/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify all metabolites containing amine/phenol chemical groups, which are mostly amino acid metabolites. A total of 493 metabolites were detected and identified in the rumen fluid. The partial least squares discriminant scores plot showed a slight separation between the two groups of steers, and a total of eight metabolites were found to be differentially abundant (FDR ≤ 0.05). Out of the eight differentially abundant metabolites, four metabolites (isomer 1 of cadaverine, baeocystin, 6-methyladenine, and N(6)-methyllysine) qualified as candidate biomarkers of divergent RFI phenotype based on area under the curve ≥ 0.70. The results of this study revealed that divergent RFI phenotype is associated with alteration in rumen amine/phenol-metabolome of beef steers.
分析肉牛瘤胃液的胺/酚代谢组，以确定与低或高残采食量(RFI)表型选择相关的氨基酸代谢相关生物标志物。14头肉牛(饲料效率最高);RFI = - 1.89 kg/d, n = 7)和最低饲料效率(LFE;RFI = +2.05 kg/d, n = 7)，选取平均体重261±18.5 kg的杂交生长肉牛56头，在两个GrowSafe采食节点的干地饲喂49 d。在饲养第56、63和70天后4 h采集高fe和低fe肉牛的瘤胃液样本。采用化学同位素标记/液相色谱-质谱联用技术对瘤胃液进行代谢组学分析，确定所有含有胺/酚化学基团的代谢物，其中大部分为氨基酸代谢物。在瘤胃液中共检测鉴定出493种代谢物。偏最小二乘判别分数图显示两组肉牛之间存在轻微差异，共有8种代谢物存在差异丰富(FDR≤0.05)。在8种差异丰富的代谢物中，4种代谢物(尸胺、baeocystin、6-甲基腺苷和N(6)-甲基赖氨酸的同分异构体1)基于曲线下面积≥0.70，符合RFI分化表型的候选生物标志物。本研究结果表明，不同的RFI表型与牛瘤胃胺/酚代谢组的改变有关。
{"title":"Rumen Fluid Amine/Phenol-Metabolome of Beef Steers with Divergent Residual Feed Intake Phenotype","authors":"Taylor S Sidney, G. Taiwo, M. Idowu, I. Amusan, A. P. Pech Cervantes, I. Ogunade","doi":"10.3390/ruminants3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants3010001","url":null,"abstract":"The amine/phenol-metabolome of rumen fluid was analyzed to identify amino acid metabolism-related biomarkers associated with phenotypic selection for low or high residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle. Fourteen beef steers (most feed-efficient (HFE; RFI = −1.89 kg/d, n = 7) and least feed-efficient (LFE; RFI = +2.05 kg/d, n = 7)) were selected from a total of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) after a 49-d feeding period in a dry lot equipped with two GrowSafe intake nodes. Rumen fluid samples were collected 4 h after feeding on d 56, 63, and 70 from the HFE and LFE beef steers. Metabolome analysis of the rumen fluid was performed using chemical isotope labeling/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify all metabolites containing amine/phenol chemical groups, which are mostly amino acid metabolites. A total of 493 metabolites were detected and identified in the rumen fluid. The partial least squares discriminant scores plot showed a slight separation between the two groups of steers, and a total of eight metabolites were found to be differentially abundant (FDR ≤ 0.05). Out of the eight differentially abundant metabolites, four metabolites (isomer 1 of cadaverine, baeocystin, 6-methyladenine, and N(6)-methyllysine) qualified as candidate biomarkers of divergent RFI phenotype based on area under the curve ≥ 0.70. The results of this study revealed that divergent RFI phenotype is associated with alteration in rumen amine/phenol-metabolome of beef steers.","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78301022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00047.8
Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Anand Jain, Sanjeev Singh
{"title":"Principal component analysis explains the associations between biometric characters of Indian Sheep Breeds and non-descript sheep","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Anand Jain, Sanjeev Singh","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00047.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00047.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00007.7
M. Valentine, K. McRoberts, M. Thonney, D. Cherney
{"title":"Effects of implementing a semi-stall-feeding system on goat kid survival and farmer adoption in western Odisha","authors":"M. Valentine, K. McRoberts, M. Thonney, D. Cherney","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00007.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00007.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00024.7
B. Ramesh, M. Patil, T. Thirumalesh
{"title":"Growth performance and economics of Kenguri Ram Lambs under fattening system in Kalyana Karnataka","authors":"B. Ramesh, M. Patil, T. Thirumalesh","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00024.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00016.8
A. Sindhura, V. A. Rao, R. Babu, J. Ramesh
{"title":"Predicting proximate composition of mutton by fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy","authors":"A. Sindhura, V. A. Rao, R. Babu, J. Ramesh","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00016.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00016.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00042.9
K.H. El-Shahat, A.M. Hamam
{"title":"Effect of addition of follicular fluid, oviductal or granulosa cell co-culture on In vitro cleavage and embryonic development in sheep oocytes","authors":"K.H. El-Shahat, A.M. Hamam","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00042.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00042.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00048.x
A. Hamadani, N. Ganai, Nusrat Nabi, S. Shanaz, M. Rather
{"title":"Phenotypic and genetic trends of body weights in corriedale sheep under temperate conditions","authors":"A. Hamadani, N. Ganai, Nusrat Nabi, S. Shanaz, M. Rather","doi":"10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00048.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2023.00048.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13299,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Small Ruminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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