Gamma-ray tomography is a powerful technique for the accurate measurement of time-averaged density in both single and multi-phase systems. The fact that it is also non-invasive makes it particularly well-suited to the elucidation of internal structure in both stationary and mobile granular systems, an example of the latter being the gas-fluidised bed.
{"title":"The Applications of Gamma Ray Tomography to Gas Fluidised Beds","authors":"N. Maccuaig, J. Seville, W. Gilboy, R. Clift","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.mb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.mb4","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-ray tomography is a powerful technique for the accurate measurement of time-averaged density in both single and multi-phase systems. The fact that it is also non-invasive makes it particularly well-suited to the elucidation of internal structure in both stationary and mobile granular systems, an example of the latter being the gas-fluidised bed.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133204834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decade, techniques have been developed for obtaining tomographic images of three dimensional objects by means of NMR1-5. Their common feature is the use of magnetic field gradients (static or oscillating) to spatially encode the detected signal.
{"title":"Temperature sensing by means of NMR","authors":"M. Waller, M. Fiddy, S. Leeman","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.md2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.md2","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, techniques have been developed for obtaining tomographic images of three dimensional objects by means of NMR1-5. Their common feature is the use of magnetic field gradients (static or oscillating) to spatially encode the detected signal.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124933054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spurred by a need for density cross-sectional profiles of objects in rapid motion, a nondestructive testing diagnostic facility for microsecond events is under development at the Ballistic Research Laboratory. Previous interest in tomography of transient events centered on the study of cyclic processes, such as the human heart, with the DSR and the Imatron achieving remarkable successes. The present development addresses the problem where data must be gathered in a few microseconds to preclude blurring and other unwanted side effects. This is achieved by simultaneous recording of all the data, without any mechanical motion of the sources and detectors.
{"title":"Multi-Channel Flash X-Ray Tomography of Transient Events","authors":"C. Zoltani, K. White","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.mc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.mc2","url":null,"abstract":"Spurred by a need for density cross-sectional profiles of objects in rapid motion, a nondestructive testing diagnostic facility for microsecond events is under development at the Ballistic Research Laboratory. Previous interest in tomography of transient events centered on the study of cyclic processes, such as the human heart, with the DSR and the Imatron achieving remarkable successes. The present development addresses the problem where data must be gathered in a few microseconds to preclude blurring and other unwanted side effects. This is achieved by simultaneous recording of all the data, without any mechanical motion of the sources and detectors.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130472111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of a priori knowledge in restoring images reconstructed using limited data has been investigated by various authors [1-4] In these methods an attempt has been made to fill the missing spatial frequency information in the reconstructed image. The use of an. optical feedback system [2] and the use of a Fourier expansion minimization method [5] have been suggested to recover the lost information. The main disadvantge of these techniques is that they are very time consuming.
{"title":"Image Restoration by Two-Dimensional Deconvolution in Limited-View Reconstruction","authors":"A. Dhawan, R. Rangayyan, R. Gordon","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.tua5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.tua5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a priori knowledge in restoring images reconstructed using limited data has been investigated by various authors [1-4] In these methods an attempt has been made to fill the missing spatial frequency information in the reconstructed image. The use of an. optical feedback system [2] and the use of a Fourier expansion minimization method [5] have been suggested to recover the lost information. The main disadvantge of these techniques is that they are very time consuming.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130690334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tutorial on Hardware for High-Speed Computed Tomography","authors":"K. Peschman","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.mc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.mc1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121884361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computed tomography was introduced in 1971 as a powerful tool in the sphere of medical X-ray diagnostics. The inventors, Houndsfield (1) and Cormack (2, 3), were awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their achievement.
{"title":"The use of computed tomography in the non-destructive testing of polymeric materials","authors":"S. Persson, E. Östman","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.mb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.mb5","url":null,"abstract":"Computed tomography was introduced in 1971 as a powerful tool in the sphere of medical X-ray diagnostics. The inventors, Houndsfield (1) and Cormack (2, 3), were awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their achievement.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115563086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. D. Friddell, A. Lowrey, B. M. Lempriere, D. Cruikshank
The Engineering Technology Department of the Boeing Aerospace Company is conducting ongoing research into non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for application to various carbon based composites. While each of the more well-established techniques such as ultrasonics, radiography, and thermography provide some qualitative information, they do not provide engineering data that can be directly applied to engineering analysis. The application of the medical x-ray CT scanner to carbon-carbon composites has opened the door to the establishment of accept/reject criteria based on engineering analysis and tests in a manner not possible in the past. Scanning procedures have been developed during the past year on General Electric (GE) medical scanners. A summary of the work accomplished to date is contained in the following sections as well as recommendations for future industrial applications.
{"title":"Industrial Application of Medical X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners","authors":"K. D. Friddell, A. Lowrey, B. M. Lempriere, D. Cruikshank","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.ma3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.ma3","url":null,"abstract":"The Engineering Technology Department of the Boeing Aerospace Company is conducting ongoing research into non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for application to various carbon based composites. While each of the more well-established techniques such as ultrasonics, radiography, and thermography provide some qualitative information, they do not provide engineering data that can be directly applied to engineering analysis. The application of the medical x-ray CT scanner to carbon-carbon composites has opened the door to the establishment of accept/reject criteria based on engineering analysis and tests in a manner not possible in the past. Scanning procedures have been developed during the past year on General Electric (GE) medical scanners. A summary of the work accomplished to date is contained in the following sections as well as recommendations for future industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133984229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two years work has been published(1,2)in which medical X-ray CT Scanners were used to study the flow of fluids through rock cores in order to improve the understanding of flow processes occurring within oil reservoirs. Whilst such experiments provide a valuable qualitative insight we believe that the use of isotopic ɣ-rays, which are practically monoenergetic compared to the output of even filtered X-ray tubes, offers several advantages. In principle all measurements become absolute, in that results are repeatable and machine independent (unlike X-ray CT scanners) and since the results are quantitative, estimates of confidence limits are easily made. Monochromatic ɣ-rays do not suffer from beam hardening and radioactive sources also offer advantages in terms of cost, compactness and a well defined variation of output intensity with time - ie. exponential decay. However, the photon output may be nearly four orders of magnitude lower than that from an X-ray tube and so current scan times are ~3000 s for a single beam arrangement. It is unlikely that moving to multiple (ie fan) beams will reduce this by more than a factor of ~30 and hence it is improbable that very rapid measurements on dynamic systems with time scales below 100 s will ever be feasible.
{"title":"The Application of Gamma Ray Computer Tomography to Oil Recovery Studies","authors":"C. Nicholls, N. Maccuaig, W. Gilboy","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.tub1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.tub1","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two years work has been published(1,2)in which medical X-ray CT Scanners were used to study the flow of fluids through rock cores in order to improve the understanding of flow processes occurring within oil reservoirs. Whilst such experiments provide a valuable qualitative insight we believe that the use of isotopic ɣ-rays, which are practically monoenergetic compared to the output of even filtered X-ray tubes, offers several advantages. In principle all measurements become absolute, in that results are repeatable and machine independent (unlike X-ray CT scanners) and since the results are quantitative, estimates of confidence limits are easily made. Monochromatic ɣ-rays do not suffer from beam hardening and radioactive sources also offer advantages in terms of cost, compactness and a well defined variation of output intensity with time - ie. exponential decay. However, the photon output may be nearly four orders of magnitude lower than that from an X-ray tube and so current scan times are ~3000 s for a single beam arrangement. It is unlikely that moving to multiple (ie fan) beams will reduce this by more than a factor of ~30 and hence it is improbable that very rapid measurements on dynamic systems with time scales below 100 s will ever be feasible.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115622751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our objective is to use a priori knowledge of the NMR signal and minimal amount of data collection to obtain a chemical-shift image. Our method differs from the standard Fourier transform mapping of chemical shifts (1) in a way that allows us to reduce, often drastically, the number of observations.
{"title":"Narrow-Band Chemical-Shift Imaging","authors":"E. Feig, F. Greenleaf","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.md3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.md3","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective is to use a priori knowledge of the NMR signal and minimal amount of data collection to obtain a chemical-shift image. Our method differs from the standard Fourier transform mapping of chemical shifts (1) in a way that allows us to reduce, often drastically, the number of observations.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustic imaging techniques for studying the structure and properties of rock between wells are being explored at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A major objective of this work is to develop, validate, and apply tomographic methodology for the two-dimensional image reconstruction of the acoustic velocity structure between wells.
{"title":"Numerical Simulations in Limited-Aperture Tomography with Application to Crosswell Acoustics","authors":"D. Terry, J. Albright","doi":"10.1364/iact.1984.tua2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/iact.1984.tua2","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic imaging techniques for studying the structure and properties of rock between wells are being explored at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A major objective of this work is to develop, validate, and apply tomographic methodology for the two-dimensional image reconstruction of the acoustic velocity structure between wells.","PeriodicalId":133192,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Industrial Applications of Computed Tomography and NMR Imaging","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130647693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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