Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366302
J. Bolljahn, W. Lucke
Equations are derived which relate the far-zone scattered field, as measured in the shadow zone of an electromagnetic scatterer, to the total energy scattered and absorbed by the scatterer. In the case of a perfectly conducting scatterer, the energy stored in the fields about the scatterer is also related to the far-zone scattered field in the shadow zone.
{"title":"Some relationships between total scattered power and the scattered field in the shadow zone","authors":"J. Bolljahn, W. Lucke","doi":"10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366302","url":null,"abstract":"Equations are derived which relate the far-zone scattered field, as measured in the shadow zone of an electromagnetic scatterer, to the total energy scattered and absorbed by the scatterer. In the case of a perfectly conducting scatterer, the energy stored in the fields about the scatterer is also related to the far-zone scattered field in the shadow zone.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115198543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iretap.1956.6366307
L. Lechtreck
The purpose of this article is to present graphs useful in the evaluation of the effects of quadratic aperture phase errors on antenna near and far fields. Two types of aperture amplitude illumination were considered: (1) uniform, and (2) cosine with zero edge intensity. Four graphs give the radiation characteristics for various phase coefficients.
{"title":"Fresnel antenna patterns","authors":"L. Lechtreck","doi":"10.1109/iretap.1956.6366307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iretap.1956.6366307","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present graphs useful in the evaluation of the effects of quadratic aperture phase errors on antenna near and far fields. Two types of aperture amplitude illumination were considered: (1) uniform, and (2) cosine with zero edge intensity. Four graphs give the radiation characteristics for various phase coefficients.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114577409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/TAP.1962.1137814
A. Olte, J. S. King, E. Miller
The design of an inverted coaxial plasma diode is discussed in considerable detail. The RF transmission and reflection measurements of a 15-cm-long diode are presented and compared with a preliminary theory. An attempt is made to account for the electron collision with the walls.
{"title":"A coaxial low-density plasma experiment","authors":"A. Olte, J. S. King, E. Miller","doi":"10.1109/TAP.1962.1137814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1962.1137814","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an inverted coaxial plasma diode is discussed in considerable detail. The RF transmission and reflection measurements of a 15-cm-long diode are presented and compared with a preliminary theory. An attempt is made to account for the electron collision with the walls.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122775903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/TAP.1959.1144629
P. Arendt
{"title":"Preliminary results of measurements on doppler shift of satellite emissions","authors":"P. Arendt","doi":"10.1109/TAP.1959.1144629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1959.1144629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128841847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366305
W. K. Saunders
THE PRESENCE of radiation in the shadow zone of an antenna depends upon surface currents that flow away from the optically lighted region. Minimizing this shadow illumination requires control of these surface currents. For example, even with a large cylinder (circumference =40λ) excited by an infinite axial slot, the shadow zone of the theoretical pattern has maxima 90° from the slot which are down only 3 db, and others 180° away only 28 db below the power level at 0°. This paper is an experimental study of methods of controllino: shadow zone illumination.
{"title":"Control of surface currents by the use of channels","authors":"W. K. Saunders","doi":"10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366305","url":null,"abstract":"THE PRESENCE of radiation in the shadow zone of an antenna depends upon surface currents that flow away from the optically lighted region. Minimizing this shadow illumination requires control of these surface currents. For example, even with a large cylinder (circumference =40λ) excited by an infinite axial slot, the shadow zone of the theoretical pattern has maxima 90° from the slot which are down only 3 db, and others 180° away only 28 db below the power level at 0°. This paper is an experimental study of methods of controllino: shadow zone illumination.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134001618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366303
J. Debettencourt, W. Whitcraft
This note reports HF observations of meteoric back-scatter echoes at ranges greatly exceeding radio line-of-sight. The observations were part of a program of measurements on backscatter using COZI equipment, Examples are given of observations at South Dartmouth, Massachusetts in 1949 on 16 mc and of more recent observations in 1954 on 12 and 16 mc using improved equipment. Short duration echoes are observed in advance at ranges shorter than those of the ground backscatter. No such meteoric echoes are observed when the ground backscatter disappears. The meteoric echo ranges move with time of day just as the range to the ground backscatter moves. A plausible explanation for the observed meteoric echo ranges exceeding 1,000 miles is that they are due to backscatter from the trail, ionospherically propagated to and fro via the F region, just as the ground backscatter. Other possible ionospheric propagation modes are discussed
{"title":"Long range meteoric echoes via F-layer reflections","authors":"J. Debettencourt, W. Whitcraft","doi":"10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366303","url":null,"abstract":"This note reports HF observations of meteoric back-scatter echoes at ranges greatly exceeding radio line-of-sight. The observations were part of a program of measurements on backscatter using COZI equipment, Examples are given of observations at South Dartmouth, Massachusetts in 1949 on 16 mc and of more recent observations in 1954 on 12 and 16 mc using improved equipment. Short duration echoes are observed in advance at ranges shorter than those of the ground backscatter. No such meteoric echoes are observed when the ground backscatter disappears. The meteoric echo ranges move with time of day just as the range to the ground backscatter moves. A plausible explanation for the observed meteoric echo ranges exceeding 1,000 miles is that they are due to backscatter from the trail, ionospherically propagated to and fro via the F region, just as the ground backscatter. Other possible ionospheric propagation modes are discussed","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128386562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tap.1956.1144386
{"title":"Multiple scattering, scattering from rough surfaces, and transmission and reflection problems","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/tap.1956.1144386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.1956.1144386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121364593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/TAP.1957.1144487
A. Oliner
{"title":"The impedance propeties of narrow radiating slots in the broad face of rectangular waveguide: Part II--Comparison with measurement","authors":"A. Oliner","doi":"10.1109/TAP.1957.1144487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1957.1144487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366292
E. Seeley
Data is presented to show the reduction in size and increase in radiation resistance and bandwidth of the disk-loaded folded monopole as compared with a disk-loaded monopole of the same electrical length. The ratio of diameters of the folded part to the diameter of the driven part was varied for one series of impedance measurements and the axial spacing between the driven part and folded part was varied for another series. The resonant radiation resistance and resonant length may be varied almost independently. The radiation resistance depends upon the ratio of diameter of the folded part to the diameter of the driven part, and the resonant length depends upon axial spacing. The radiation resistance multiplication factor relative to a disk-loaded monopole of the same electrical length is approximately the same as the multiplication factor of a folded dipole relative to a dipole. The disk-loaded folded monopole has a greater bandwidth than an unloaded monopole of the same wavelength-to-diameter ratio. Where the effective diameter1 of the folded antenna is √2DdS, its radiation pattern is essentially that of an unloaded monopole.
{"title":"An experimental study of the disk-loaded folded monopole","authors":"E. Seeley","doi":"10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366292","url":null,"abstract":"Data is presented to show the reduction in size and increase in radiation resistance and bandwidth of the disk-loaded folded monopole as compared with a disk-loaded monopole of the same electrical length. The ratio of diameters of the folded part to the diameter of the driven part was varied for one series of impedance measurements and the axial spacing between the driven part and folded part was varied for another series. The resonant radiation resistance and resonant length may be varied almost independently. The radiation resistance depends upon the ratio of diameter of the folded part to the diameter of the driven part, and the resonant length depends upon axial spacing. The radiation resistance multiplication factor relative to a disk-loaded monopole of the same electrical length is approximately the same as the multiplication factor of a folded dipole relative to a dipole. The disk-loaded folded monopole has a greater bandwidth than an unloaded monopole of the same wavelength-to-diameter ratio. Where the effective diameter1 of the folded antenna is √2DdS, its radiation pattern is essentially that of an unloaded monopole.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366290
L. Bailin, S. Silver
The problem of determining a harmonic time-varying electromagnetic field where the electric vector assumes prescribed values for its tangential components over given spherical or conical boundaries and which has proper radiation characteristics at infinity is considered by a procedure very much like that used in the theory of slots in waveguide walls. The technique used in solving this type of boundary value problem is to establish, by an application of the Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem, a Green's function which represents the electric and magnetic fields of a point generator (infinitesimal dipole) applied at an arbitrary position on the conducting surface where the fields satisfy homogeneous boundary conditions. The total fields for an arbitrary source are then obtained by superposition; i.e., direct integration over the aperture. Since detailed results for the case of a sphere have been obtained by many authors, we confine the details of the technique to the infinite cone. It is assumed that in each case the tangential components of the electric vector are given functions over the entire boundary surface. The results apply directly to the theory of radiating apertures in a perfectly conducting spherical wall or a cone, since the tangential components of the electric vector are different from zero only in the area of the aperture, where it is presumed they are known. The results are also applicable to scattering by conducting spheres and cones, since the tangential electric field components over the boundary surfaces are the negative of those of the incident field. To illustrate the applicability and the limitations of the results, we shall present the formal solutions for arbitrarily shaped apertures on cones and apply them to the several types of delta slots which are usually discussed in connection with other radiating structures.
{"title":"Exterior electromagnetic boundary value problems for spheres and cones","authors":"L. Bailin, S. Silver","doi":"10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRETAP.1956.6366290","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of determining a harmonic time-varying electromagnetic field where the electric vector assumes prescribed values for its tangential components over given spherical or conical boundaries and which has proper radiation characteristics at infinity is considered by a procedure very much like that used in the theory of slots in waveguide walls. The technique used in solving this type of boundary value problem is to establish, by an application of the Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem, a Green's function which represents the electric and magnetic fields of a point generator (infinitesimal dipole) applied at an arbitrary position on the conducting surface where the fields satisfy homogeneous boundary conditions. The total fields for an arbitrary source are then obtained by superposition; i.e., direct integration over the aperture. Since detailed results for the case of a sphere have been obtained by many authors, we confine the details of the technique to the infinite cone. It is assumed that in each case the tangential components of the electric vector are given functions over the entire boundary surface. The results apply directly to the theory of radiating apertures in a perfectly conducting spherical wall or a cone, since the tangential components of the electric vector are different from zero only in the area of the aperture, where it is presumed they are known. The results are also applicable to scattering by conducting spheres and cones, since the tangential electric field components over the boundary surfaces are the negative of those of the incident field. To illustrate the applicability and the limitations of the results, we shall present the formal solutions for arbitrarily shaped apertures on cones and apply them to the several types of delta slots which are usually discussed in connection with other radiating structures.","PeriodicalId":133512,"journal":{"name":"IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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