Immunologic Research最新文献

This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the immunogenicity and maternal-fetal safety profile of RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccination during pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of RSVpreF vaccination in pregnant women were included. Six RCTs, involving 17,212 participants, were analyzed. The vaccine significantly boosted maternal anti-RSV neutralizing antibody levels, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.40 for RSV-A and 1.11 for RSV-B, both with high statistical significance. Infants born to vaccinated mothers had a 49% reduced risk of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness within 180 days post-vaccination (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40-0.64). Preterm birth rates did not differ significantly between the vaccine and placebo groups (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87-1.37). The vaccine was not associated with increased risks of serious adverse events or perinatal complications. Maternal RSVpreF vaccination significantly elevates neutralizing antibody levels against RSV subtypes A and B without increasing the risk of serious adverse events or preterm delivery. These findings support the safety and immunogenicity of RSV vaccination in pregnant women, reinforcing its potential utility in protecting neonates against RSV-related morbidity.

Background Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is a severe form of Kawasaki disease (KD). The serum lipid has been proposed to be valuable in predicting shock syndrome in clinical circumstances; however, limited data is available in KDSS patients. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the ability of serum lipid in predicting KDSS. Methods A total of 1009 KD patients aged 2 months to 139 months were enrolled in this prospective cohort study between June 2017 and April 2022. The demographic/clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared between the patients with KDSS (KDSS group) and those without (KD group). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the correlation between serum lipid and KDSS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was subsequently performed to assess the validity of serum lipids in predicting KDSS. Results Except for triglyceride (TG), almost all the levels of detected lipid profiles were significantly lower in the KDSS subjects compared to non-KDSS patients. In terms of KDSS prediction, the cut-off values of 2.845 mmol/L, 0.355 mmol/L, 1.405 mmol/L, 0.595 g/L, and 0.805 g/L for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), yielded sensitivities of 80%, 68%, 64%, 76% and 88%, with specificities of 69%, 93%, 89%, 83% and 51%, respectively. Conclusions Lipid profiles were robustly dysregulated in KDSS patients. Noticeably, serum lipid was a complementary laboratory marker for KDSS prediction.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by a defective respiratory burst in phagocytes and defective clearance of phagocytosed microorganisms. CGD is caused by a defect of the enzyme NADPH oxidase, resulting in severe and life-threatening infections in affected children. The genetically heterogeneous X-linked recessive form of CGD (XL-CGD) is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. XL-CGD is typically diagnosed early in life, usually before the age of 3 years. The present report describes a boy aged 9 years and 11 months who presented with oral ulcers, cutaneous lesions, and uveitis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) detected a mosaic, pathogenic nonsense variant (p.Arg157X) in CYBB. This pathogenic variant was present in ~ 60% of peripheral leukocytes in this patient, a percentage sufficient to result in defective production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but not life-threatening infections, including BCG lymphadenitis following BCG vaccination. This study describes a somatic mosaicism mutation in the CYBB gene that can cause atypical CGD with inflammatory symptoms.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of natural killer (NK) cell therapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Relevant studies on NK cell therapy for advanced NSCLC were collected from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to August, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and retrieved the data using the Cochrane risk assessment tool. Meta-analysis was conducted with R (version 4.3.1). A total of nine trials were analyzed, including five phase 2 randomized controlled and four phase 1 studies. All were medium to high quality but exhibited high performance and attrition biases. NK cell treatment doses ranged from 1×10⁹ to 4×10⁹ cells for 2 or 3 cycles. In total, 324 patients with advanced NSCLC were included, comprising 199 who received NK cell therapy and 125 controls, all previously treated with platinum-based regimens. Meta-analysis demonstrated comparable disease control (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.53-4.71) and 1-year survival (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.28-5.02) between groups, with similar adverse events rates (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.35-5.26). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in efficacy. There was considerable heterogeneity among studies (I² = 0%-92.5%). Over 39 trials were registered, with only 12 marked as completed and none of the others released the outcome data. Current evidence suggests that NK cell therapy, either alone or in combination, may achieve disease control, survival outcomes and safety profiles that were comparable to existing treatments for advanced NSCLC. These findings remain exploratory and should be confirmed in larger, well-designed trials.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an aberrant immune response that targets the body's own tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation and organ damage. Recently, macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos), nanoscale vesicles that transport bioactive molecules, have gained recognition as significant mediators of immune regulation and disease progression. These exosomes possess the unique ability to traverse physiological barriers while reflecting the functional states of their originating cells. Consequently, M-Exos exert influence over various immune cell populations, including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. The distinct profiles of M1- versus M2-derived exosomes illuminate their differing roles in immune activation and resolution. This review compiles current evidence regarding the involvement of M-Exos in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, emphasizing their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents. By integrating recent advancements and identifying outstanding questions, we propose a framework for employing M-Exos in diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies.

The recent study by Zhao et al. ( Inflamm Res. 2025) proposed a novel paradigm in which exosomal miR-125b-5p from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages impairs osteoblast function by targeting IGF2, thereby linking pulmonary infection to systemic osteoporosis. While this work provides a valuable mechanistic insight, our letter offers a critical appraisal to contextualize its findings and highlight pivotal unanswered questions. We posit that the proposed pathway, though compelling, requires further validation to establish direct causality in vivo, independent of the well-established role of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the model remains incomplete as it overlooks the potential synergistic impact of the exosomal cargo on osteoclast activation, thereby presenting only a partial view of the bone remodeling unit. Substantive questions regarding the specificity of miR-125b-5p as the sole effector, the biodistribution mechanisms of these exosomes, and their pathogen-specific nature also warrant urgent investigation. Addressing these gaps is not merely academic but is crucial for assessing the true therapeutic potential of targeting this exosomal axis in clinical practice.

This nationwide analysis quantified the contemporary and future burden of six autoimmune diseases (ADs)-rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), asthma, and psoriasis-among Mexican adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 10-24 years) using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Age-standardised prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), and mortality (ASMR) rates for 2021 were calculated by direct standardisation to the GBD world population; 1990-2021 temporal patterns were explored through Joinpoint regression to derive average annual percentage change, and Box-Jenkins ARIMA models projected trends up to 2035, incorporating diagnostic-capacity covariates. In 2021, RA had the greatest burden (ASPR 45.7/100,000; ASIR 9.1), with a striking female predominance and north-south variability. Although IBD remained infrequent, its mortality rose in states where colonoscopy access expanded, suggesting detection bias yet underscoring rising severity. MS prevalence and incidence climbed steadily, particularly among young women in urbanised regions. T1DM maintained the highest absolute caseload and incidence but showed slowly declining rates; nevertheless, ASMR inched upward, reflecting suboptimal metabolic control. Asthma, while still the most prevalent AD, exhibited a modest downward trajectory, whereas psoriasis incidence was stable, yet prevalence remained substantial, signalling chronic disease accumulation. Forecasts predict moderate growth in RA and MS cases, relative plateauing of IBD, asthma, and psoriasis, and continued contraction of T1DM incidence with a slight mortality uptick. Persistent geographic and sex-related inequities highlight the necessity for region-specific prevention strategies, earlier immune-modulating therapy, and equitable access to specialised care to mitigate the projected AD burden in Mexican AYAs.

Recent advancements in vaccine technology have led to the development of RNA-based vaccines, including mRNA, circular RNA, and self-amplifying mRNA, which have emerged as a promising platform for tumor prevention and treatment. In comparison with conventional antitumor vaccines, such as whole cell, peptide, and DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines possess several advantageous characteristics. They have the capacity to encode multiple antigens, induce robust immune responses, and can be developed more expeditiously. Additionally, RNA vaccines have the potential for scalable manufacturing with acceptable safety profiles in cancer patients. Preliminary investigations, conducted both in preclinical and clinical settings, have yielded encouraging outcomes for RNA vaccines in the context of diverse tumor types. This review delineates the types, advances, and applications of RNA vaccines in antitumor therapy, as well as the challenges associated with their use. Finally, it introduces future technological directions for improving these current vaccine platforms for a wide range of therapeutic uses.