Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
{"title":"A compositional model for effort-aware Just-In-Time defect prediction on android apps","authors":"Kunsong Zhao, Zhou Xu, Meng Yan, Lei Xue, Wei Li, Gemma Catolino","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12040","url":null,"abstract":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"30 1","pages":"259-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85222802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foivos Tsimpourlas, Gwenyth Rooijackers, A. Rajan, Miltiadis Allamanis
{"title":"Embedding and classifying test execution traces using neural networks","authors":"Foivos Tsimpourlas, Gwenyth Rooijackers, A. Rajan, Miltiadis Allamanis","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"41 1","pages":"301-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77125964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring teamwork quality in large-scale agile organisations evaluation and integration of the aTWQ approach","authors":"Alexander Poth, Mario Kottke, A. Riel","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"6 1","pages":"443-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75719790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Muñoz, J. Mejía, Adriana Peña, Claude Y. Laporte, Gloria Piedad Gasca Hurtado
{"title":"Beyond factors that motivate the adoption of the ISO/IEC 29110 in Mexico: An exploratory study of the implementation pace of this standard and the benefits observed","authors":"M. Muñoz, J. Mejía, Adriana Peña, Claude Y. Laporte, Gloria Piedad Gasca Hurtado","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"25 1","pages":"412-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73840205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non‐functional requirements define qualities of the software system that ensure effectiveness while embedding any constraints and restrictions on the design. A challenge rises with agile implementation in handling non‐function requirements in regulated environments. Thus, a practitioner's perceptions of agile method tailoring are described in relation to inter‐team boundaries and non‐functional requirements. The research comprises 18 practitioner interviews from two multinational agile software development companies. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an approach informed by grounded theory and information flow models were used to compare and contrast interactions of processes. It was discovered that one of the case study companies managed non‐functional requirements as artefacts in their agile methodology, while the other company reverts to conventional plan‐based software development practices of documentation, timeline estimations, and safety critical requirements. This research creates a detailed comparison of these contrasting approaches. The main contribution of this study is a set of proposed recommendations to deal with non‐functional requirements in a regulated environment using agile techniques. The introduction of two new artefacts, Documentation Work Item and Safety Critical Work Item, is recommended and it is accompanied with an illustrative example, to transform the handling of documentation and safety critical requirements in a more agile way.
{"title":"Managing non-functional requirements in agile software development","authors":"S. Rahy, J. Bass","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12037","url":null,"abstract":"Non‐functional requirements define qualities of the software system that ensure effectiveness while embedding any constraints and restrictions on the design. A challenge rises with agile implementation in handling non‐function requirements in regulated environments. Thus, a practitioner's perceptions of agile method tailoring are described in \u0000relation to inter‐team boundaries and non‐functional requirements. The research comprises 18 practitioner interviews from two multinational agile software development companies. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an approach informed by grounded theory and information flow models were used to compare and \u0000contrast interactions of processes. It was discovered that one of the case study companies managed non‐functional requirements as artefacts in their agile methodology, while the other company reverts to conventional plan‐based software development practices of documentation, timeline estimations, and safety critical requirements. This research creates a detailed comparison of these contrasting approaches. The main contribution of this study is a set of proposed recommendations to deal with non‐functional requirements in \u0000a regulated environment using agile techniques. The introduction of two new artefacts, Documentation Work Item and Safety Critical Work Item, is recommended and it is accompanied with an illustrative example, to transform the handling of documentation and safety critical requirements in a more agile way.","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"14 1","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78413121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael M. G. Cardoso, Jorge L. V. Barbosa, Bruno Mota, L. P. S. Dias, L. Nesi
The use of recommender systems is already widespread. Everyday people are exposed to different items’ offering that infer their interest and anticipate decisions. The context information (such as location, goals, and entities around a context) plays a key role in the recommendation’s accuracy. Extending contexts snapshots into contexts histories enables that information to be exploit. It is possible to identify context’s sequences, similar contexts histories and even predict future contexts. In this work we present Vulcont, a recommender system based on a contexts history ontology. Vulcont merges the benefits of ontology reasoning with contexts histories in order to measure contexts history similarity, based on semantic and ontology’s properties provided by context’s domain. Vulcont considers synonymous and classes’ relations to measure similarity. After that, a collaborative filtering approach identifies sequences’ frequency to identify potential items for recommendation. We evaluated and discussed the Vulcont’s recommendation in four scenarios in an offline experiment, which presents Vulcont’s recommendation power, due the exploit of semantic value of contexts history.
{"title":"Vulcont: A recommender system based on context history ontology","authors":"Ismael M. G. Cardoso, Jorge L. V. Barbosa, Bruno Mota, L. P. S. Dias, L. Nesi","doi":"10.1049/SFW2.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/SFW2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"The use of recommender systems is already widespread. Everyday people are exposed to different items’ offering that infer their interest and anticipate decisions. The context information (such as location, goals, and entities around a context) plays a key role in the recommendation’s accuracy. Extending contexts snapshots into contexts histories enables that information to be exploit. It is possible to identify context’s sequences, similar contexts histories and even predict future contexts. In this work we present Vulcont, a recommender system based on a contexts history ontology. Vulcont merges the benefits of ontology reasoning with contexts histories in order to measure contexts history similarity, based on semantic and ontology’s properties provided by context’s domain. Vulcont considers synonymous and classes’ relations to measure similarity. After that, a collaborative filtering approach identifies sequences’ frequency to identify potential items for recommendation. We evaluated and discussed the Vulcont’s recommendation in four scenarios in an offline experiment, which presents Vulcont’s recommendation power, due the exploit of semantic value of contexts history.","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"9 1","pages":"111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78803173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last 3 decades, researchers have attempted to shed light into the requirements traceability problem by introducing tracing tools, techniques, and methods with the vision of achieving ubiquitous traceability. Despite the technological advances, requirements traceability remains problematic for researchers and practitioners. This study aims to identify and investigate the main challenges in implementing (semi-)automated requirements traceability, as reported in the recent literature. A systematic literature review was carried out based on the guidelines for systematic literature reviews in software engineering, proposed by Kitchenham. We retrieved 4530 studies by searching five major bibliographic databases and selected 70 primary studies. These studies were analysed and classified according to the challenges they present and/or address. Twenty-one challenges were identified and were classified into five categories. Findings reveal that the most frequent challenges are technological challenges, in particular, low accuracy of traceability recovery methods. Findings also suggest that future research efforts should be devoted to the human facet of tracing, to explore traceability practices in organisational settings, and to develop traceability approaches that support agile and DevOps practices. Finally, it is recommended that researchers leverage blockchain technology as a suitable technical solution to ensure the trustworthiness of traceability information in interorganisational software projects.
{"title":"What have we learnt from the challenges of (semi-) automated requirements traceability? A discussion on blockchain applicability","authors":"Selina Demi, Mary-Luz Sánchez-Gordón, Ricardo Colomo Palacios","doi":"10.1049/SFW2.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/SFW2.12035","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 3 decades, researchers have attempted to shed light into the requirements traceability problem by introducing tracing tools, techniques, and methods with the vision of achieving ubiquitous traceability. Despite the technological advances, requirements traceability remains problematic for researchers and practitioners. This study aims to identify and investigate the main challenges in implementing (semi-)automated requirements traceability, as reported in the recent literature. A systematic literature review was carried out based on the guidelines for systematic literature reviews in software engineering, proposed by Kitchenham. We retrieved 4530 studies by searching five major bibliographic databases and selected 70 primary studies. These studies were analysed and classified according to the challenges they present and/or address. Twenty-one challenges were identified and were classified into five categories. Findings reveal that the most frequent challenges are technological challenges, in particular, low accuracy of traceability recovery methods. Findings also suggest that future research efforts should be devoted to the human facet of tracing, to explore traceability practices in organisational settings, and to develop traceability approaches that support agile and DevOps practices. Finally, it is recommended that researchers leverage blockchain technology as a suitable technical solution to ensure the trustworthiness of traceability information in interorganisational software projects.","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"20 1","pages":"391-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76411762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gökalp, Kerem Kayabay, E. Gökalp, Altan Koçyiğit, P. Eren
Mert O. Gökalp, Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey. Email: gmert@metu.edu.tr Abstract The ability to leverage data science can generate valuable insights and actions in organisations by enhancing data‐driven decision‐making to find optimal solutions based on complex business parameters and data. However, only a small percentage of the organisations can successfully obtain a business value from their investments due to a lack of organisational management, alignment, and culture. Becoming a data‐driven organisation requires an organisational change that should be managed and fostered from a holistic multidisciplinary perspective. Accordingly, this study seeks to address these problems by developing the Data Drivenness Process Capability Determination Model (DDPCDM) based on the ISO/IEC 330xx family of standards. The proposed model enables organisations to determine their current management capabilities, derivation of a gap analysis, and the creation of a comprehensive roadmap for improvement in a structured and standardised way. DDPCDM comprises two main dimensions: process and capability. The process dimension consists of five organisational management processes: change management, skill and talent management, strategic alignment, organisational learning, and sponsorship and portfolio management. The capability dimension embraces six levels, from incomplete to innovating. The applicability and usability of DDPCDM are also evaluated by conducting a multiple‐case study in two organisations. The results reveal that the proposed model is able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an organisation in adopting, managing, and fostering the transition to a data‐driven organisation and providing a roadmap for continuously improving the data‐drivenness of organisations.
Mert O. Gökalp，中东技术大学信息学研究所，土耳其安卡拉06800。摘要利用数据科学的能力可以通过增强数据驱动的决策来找到基于复杂业务参数和数据的最佳解决方案，从而在组织中产生有价值的见解和行动。然而，由于缺乏组织管理、一致性和文化，只有一小部分组织能够成功地从他们的投资中获得商业价值。成为一个数据驱动的组织需要一个组织变革，应该从一个整体的多学科的角度来管理和培养。因此，本研究试图通过开发基于ISO/IEC 330xx系列标准的数据驱动过程能力确定模型(DDPCDM)来解决这些问题。提出的模型使组织能够确定其当前的管理能力，推导差距分析，并以结构化和标准化的方式创建全面的改进路线图。DDPCDM包括两个主要维度:过程和能力。过程维度由五个组织管理过程组成:变更管理、技能和人才管理、战略一致性、组织学习，以及赞助和投资组合管理。能力维度包括从不完整到创新的六个层次。通过在两个组织中进行多案例研究，还对DDPCDM的适用性和可用性进行了评估。结果表明，所提出的模型能够评估组织在采用、管理和促进向数据驱动型组织过渡方面的优势和劣势，并为持续改进组织的数据驱动性提供路线图。
{"title":"Assessment of process capabilities in transition to a data-driven organisation: A multidisciplinary approach","authors":"M. Gökalp, Kerem Kayabay, E. Gökalp, Altan Koçyiğit, P. Eren","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12033","url":null,"abstract":"Mert O. Gökalp, Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey. Email: gmert@metu.edu.tr Abstract The ability to leverage data science can generate valuable insights and actions in organisations by enhancing data‐driven decision‐making to find optimal solutions based on complex business parameters and data. However, only a small percentage of the organisations can successfully obtain a business value from their investments due to a lack of organisational management, alignment, and culture. Becoming a data‐driven organisation requires an organisational change that should be managed and fostered from a holistic multidisciplinary perspective. Accordingly, this study seeks to address these problems by developing the Data Drivenness Process Capability Determination Model (DDPCDM) based on the ISO/IEC 330xx family of standards. The proposed model enables organisations to determine their current management capabilities, derivation of a gap analysis, and the creation of a comprehensive roadmap for improvement in a structured and standardised way. DDPCDM comprises two main dimensions: process and capability. The process dimension consists of five organisational management processes: change management, skill and talent management, strategic alignment, organisational learning, and sponsorship and portfolio management. The capability dimension embraces six levels, from incomplete to innovating. The applicability and usability of DDPCDM are also evaluated by conducting a multiple‐case study in two organisations. The results reveal that the proposed model is able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an organisation in adopting, managing, and fostering the transition to a data‐driven organisation and providing a roadmap for continuously improving the data‐drivenness of organisations.","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"9 1","pages":"376-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88365346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arnaldo Pereira, A. Trifan, Rui Pedro Lopes, J. L. Oliveira
Over the years, a growing number of semantic data repositories havebeen made available on the web. However, this has created new challenges in exploiting these resources efficiently. Querying services require knowledge beyond the typical user’s expertise, which is a critical issue in adopting semantic information solutions. Several proposals to overcome this dif-ficulty have suggested using question answering (QA) systems to provide user ‐ friendly interfaces and allow natural language use. Because question answering over knowledge bases (KBQAs) is a very active research topic, a comprehensive view of the field is essential. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of methods and systems for KBQAs to identify their main advantages and limitations. The inclusion criteria rationale was English full ‐ text articles published since 2015 on methods and systems for KBQAs. Sixty ‐ six articles were reviewed to describe their underlying reference architectures.
{"title":"Systematic review of question answering over knowledge bases","authors":"Arnaldo Pereira, A. Trifan, Rui Pedro Lopes, J. L. Oliveira","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12028","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, a growing number of semantic data repositories havebeen made available on the web. However, this has created new challenges in exploiting these resources efficiently. Querying services require knowledge beyond the typical user’s expertise, which is a critical issue in adopting semantic information solutions. Several proposals to overcome this dif-ficulty have suggested using question answering (QA) systems to provide user ‐ friendly interfaces and allow natural language use. Because question answering over knowledge bases (KBQAs) is a very active research topic, a comprehensive view of the field is essential. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of methods and systems for KBQAs to identify their main advantages and limitations. The inclusion criteria rationale was English full ‐ text articles published since 2015 on methods and systems for KBQAs. Sixty ‐ six articles were reviewed to describe their underlying reference architectures.","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90284354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
German-Lenin Dugarte-Peña, María-Isabel Sánchez-Segura, Antonio Amescua, Fuensanta Medina-Domínguez, S. Armenia
{"title":"Using system dynamics to teach about dependencies, correlation and systemic thinking on the software process workflows","authors":"German-Lenin Dugarte-Peña, María-Isabel Sánchez-Segura, Antonio Amescua, Fuensanta Medina-Domínguez, S. Armenia","doi":"10.1049/sfw2.12031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13395,"journal":{"name":"IET Softw.","volume":"131 1","pages":"351-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79978025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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