Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v10i11.4436
Vijay Yewale, Sanjay Marathe
Hepatitis A (HepA) represents a significant global public health challenge. At present, there is no definitive treatment available for managing HepA. Before the availability of HepA vaccines, hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection had emerged as a leading cause of fulminant hepatic failure and a significant indication for liver transplantation in children living in Argentina, Brazil, the Republic of Korea, and India. Inactivated HAV vaccines have demonstrated a high level of immunogenicity. In addition, there is evidence supporting the use of inactivated HepA vaccines in immunocompromised individuals and as post-exposure prophylaxis. Recently, the inactivated TZ84 strain hepatitis A vaccine, which has shown superior immunogenicity for up to 30 years and fewer adverse reactions when compared with other inactivated HepA vaccines, has become available in India. Moreover, the TZ84 strain of the inactivated HAV vaccine has the potential to control community-wide outbreaks. This narrative review offers an overview of the existing evidence concerning immunization against HepA in India, with a particular emphasis on the TZ84 strain of the inactivated HAV vaccine.
{"title":"Inactivated TZ84 strain hepatitis A vaccine and its impact: A narrative review","authors":"Vijay Yewale, Sanjay Marathe","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i11.4436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i11.4436","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis A (HepA) represents a significant global public health challenge. At present, there is no definitive treatment available for managing HepA. Before the availability of HepA vaccines, hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection had emerged as a leading cause of fulminant hepatic failure and a significant indication for liver transplantation in children living in Argentina, Brazil, the Republic of Korea, and India. Inactivated HAV vaccines have demonstrated a high level of immunogenicity. In addition, there is evidence supporting the use of inactivated HepA vaccines in immunocompromised individuals and as post-exposure prophylaxis. Recently, the inactivated TZ84 strain hepatitis A vaccine, which has shown superior immunogenicity for up to 30 years and fewer adverse reactions when compared with other inactivated HepA vaccines, has become available in India. Moreover, the TZ84 strain of the inactivated HAV vaccine has the potential to control community-wide outbreaks. This narrative review offers an overview of the existing evidence concerning immunization against HepA in India, with a particular emphasis on the TZ84 strain of the inactivated HAV vaccine.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Very few studies have been conducted in low-middle-income countries to assess the response to growth hormone (GH) therapy by measuring the improvement in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Objectives: The objective is to assess IGF-1 concentrations in patients receiving GH therapy to correlate the height increment with respect to increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, including IGF-1 Z-scores as a measure of safety profile. Methods: Clinical and anthropometric data were extracted retrospectively from hospital records of children aged 0–18 who received GH and had IGF-1 measured during the study period. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were analyzed by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) were grouped as group A, while participants receiving GH therapy for non-GHD/MPHD were clubbed as group B. Results: We report a significant positive correlation between an increase in IGF-1 values and increase in height. The improvement in height Z-scores was significantly higher in participants of group A as compared to B, with no significant difference in increase in IGF-1 Z-scores between the two groups. A total of 18.75% of subjects had IGF-1 Z-scores between +2 and +3, and these were largely subjects belonging to group B. Conclusion: The increment in height and height velocity Z-scores in the patients on GH correlated with increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, particularly in GHD/MPHD group of patients.
导言：在中低收入国家，很少有研究通过测量胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）浓度的改善情况来评估生长激素（GH）疗法的反应。目标：目的是评估接受 GH 治疗患者的 IGF-1 浓度，将身高的增长与 IGF-1 浓度的增长联系起来，包括 IGF-1 Z 分数，作为衡量安全性的标准。研究方法从医院记录中回顾性地提取了在研究期间接受过 GH 并测量过 IGF-1 的 0-18 岁儿童的临床和人体测量数据。血清 IGF-1 浓度通过固相酶联免疫吸附试验进行分析。GH缺乏症（GHD）和多发性垂体激素缺乏症（MPHD）患者被归为A组，而接受GH治疗的非GHD/MPHD患者被归为B组。结果我们发现 IGF-1 值的增加与身高的增加之间存在明显的正相关。与 B 组相比，A 组参与者身高 Z 值的提高幅度明显更高，而两组之间 IGF-1 Z 值的提高幅度没有明显差异。共有 18.75% 的受试者的 IGF-1 Z 值介于 +2 和 +3 之间，这些受试者主要属于 B 组：服用 GH 的患者身高和身高速度 Z 值的增加与 IGF-1 浓度的增加有关，尤其是在 GHD/MPHD 组患者中。
{"title":"Utility of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in growth hormone-treated short children – An experience from a tertiary level center","authors":"Vaman Khadilkar, Chirantap Oza, Shruti Mondkar, Anuradha Khadilkar","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4327","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Very few studies have been conducted in low-middle-income countries to assess the response to growth hormone (GH) therapy by measuring the improvement in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Objectives: The objective is to assess IGF-1 concentrations in patients receiving GH therapy to correlate the height increment with respect to increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, including IGF-1 Z-scores as a measure of safety profile. Methods: Clinical and anthropometric data were extracted retrospectively from hospital records of children aged 0–18 who received GH and had IGF-1 measured during the study period. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were analyzed by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) were grouped as group A, while participants receiving GH therapy for non-GHD/MPHD were clubbed as group B. Results: We report a significant positive correlation between an increase in IGF-1 values and increase in height. The improvement in height Z-scores was significantly higher in participants of group A as compared to B, with no significant difference in increase in IGF-1 Z-scores between the two groups. A total of 18.75% of subjects had IGF-1 Z-scores between +2 and +3, and these were largely subjects belonging to group B. Conclusion: The increment in height and height velocity Z-scores in the patients on GH correlated with increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, particularly in GHD/MPHD group of patients.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The first few years of a child’s life are the most crucial for appropriate growth and development. As per the latest National Family and Health Survey (2019-21), India still faces a dual burden of malnutrition with a significant number of children below the age 5 either stunted, wasted, or overweight. This necessitates periodic screening of a child’s growth. Early identification can go a long way in addressing areas of concern and improving future health outcomes. Objective: This tool was created with the objective of screening the holistic growth of preschool children. Methodology: A questionnaire was developed taking into consideration four important aspects that need to be tracked to assess the holistic growth and development of a child – Body mass index (BMI), questions related to health habits, overall well-being and immunity and, age-appropriate achievement of developmental milestones. An advisory board committee was formed comprising three Paediatricians, one Developmental Paediatrician, and three Nutritionists. Results: Questions under each category were discussed and finalized. A consensus on the scoring pattern was reached and the tool was developed after the agreement of all the board members. The tool was named “Growth Chakra”. Conclusion: This tool is an easy parent-friendly tool to assess growth in preschool children. This tool is not a diagnostic tool and cannot replace medical advice. The findings of this tool will help create awareness about the child’s growth and help to identify the need for medical or nutritional intervention.
{"title":"A consensus report on the development of growth screening tool for preschool-aged children","authors":"Praful Shanbhag, Gautam Sapre, Sushant Vilas Wadambe, Barkha Chawla, Sheryl Salis, Roshan Kore, Preethi Rahul","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The first few years of a child’s life are the most crucial for appropriate growth and development. As per the latest National Family and Health Survey (2019-21), India still faces a dual burden of malnutrition with a significant number of children below the age 5 either stunted, wasted, or overweight. This necessitates periodic screening of a child’s growth. Early identification can go a long way in addressing areas of concern and improving future health outcomes. Objective: This tool was created with the objective of screening the holistic growth of preschool children. Methodology: A questionnaire was developed taking into consideration four important aspects that need to be tracked to assess the holistic growth and development of a child – Body mass index (BMI), questions related to health habits, overall well-being and immunity and, age-appropriate achievement of developmental milestones. An advisory board committee was formed comprising three Paediatricians, one Developmental Paediatrician, and three Nutritionists. Results: Questions under each category were discussed and finalized. A consensus on the scoring pattern was reached and the tool was developed after the agreement of all the board members. The tool was named “Growth Chakra”. Conclusion: This tool is an easy parent-friendly tool to assess growth in preschool children. This tool is not a diagnostic tool and cannot replace medical advice. The findings of this tool will help create awareness about the child’s growth and help to identify the need for medical or nutritional intervention.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4312
Vandana Kushwaha, Ratna Chhaya Singh
Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on neonatal resuscitation of knowledge among B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students of the Government Nursing College of Rewa. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design, which consists of one group pre-test and post-test, was used for the study. This consists of 60 samples that were selected based on the sampling criteria set for the study. Purposive sample techniques are used in the study. Results: The majority of B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students (41.66%) were in the age group of 21 years; 85% were female, and 28.34% of them had previous experience related to neonatal resuscitation. Most students, having experience, were exposed to seminars, and the rest of them were exposed to literature. In the pre-test, 46.34% of students had average knowledge, 43.66% had poor knowledge, and 10% had good knowledge. In the post-test, 71.66% had good knowledge, and 28.34% had average knowledge. The pre-test score mean was 12±3.91, while the post-test mean was 22.04±4 showing a significant difference in knowledge level before and after the video-assisted teaching program (t-test=7.032, p≤0.05%). Conclusion: This study indicates that video-assisted teaching is effective in increasing the knowledge of the samples regarding neonatal care.
{"title":"Assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programs on knowledge of neonatal resuscitation among B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students of selected nursing colleges of Rewa","authors":"Vandana Kushwaha, Ratna Chhaya Singh","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i10.4312","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on neonatal resuscitation of knowledge among B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students of the Government Nursing College of Rewa. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design, which consists of one group pre-test and post-test, was used for the study. This consists of 60 samples that were selected based on the sampling criteria set for the study. Purposive sample techniques are used in the study. Results: The majority of B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students (41.66%) were in the age group of 21 years; 85% were female, and 28.34% of them had previous experience related to neonatal resuscitation. Most students, having experience, were exposed to seminars, and the rest of them were exposed to literature. In the pre-test, 46.34% of students had average knowledge, 43.66% had poor knowledge, and 10% had good knowledge. In the post-test, 71.66% had good knowledge, and 28.34% had average knowledge. The pre-test score mean was 12±3.91, while the post-test mean was 22.04±4 showing a significant difference in knowledge level before and after the video-assisted teaching program (t-test=7.032, p≤0.05%). Conclusion: This study indicates that video-assisted teaching is effective in increasing the knowledge of the samples regarding neonatal care.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4321
Aparna B Raj, S Radhika, Sobha Kumar S, Harikrishnan K N
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common tachyarrhythmia requiring emergency cardiac care in newborns. Neonatal paroxysmal SVT sustained by an atrioventricular node or accessory pathway reentry mechanism, if refractory can lead to congestive cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, NEC, and death. We report the case of a 14-day-old male full-term neonate diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after evaluation for refractory SVT. This case report emphasizes the importance of evaluating cases of neonatal SVT that require multiple doses of adenosine for reversal, with serial electrocardiography and electrocardiographic studies to identify the underlying cause.
{"title":"Refractory paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a neonate with WPW syndrome: A case report","authors":"Aparna B Raj, S Radhika, Sobha Kumar S, Harikrishnan K N","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4321","url":null,"abstract":"Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common tachyarrhythmia requiring emergency cardiac care in newborns. Neonatal paroxysmal SVT sustained by an atrioventricular node or accessory pathway reentry mechanism, if refractory can lead to congestive cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, NEC, and death. We report the case of a 14-day-old male full-term neonate diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after evaluation for refractory SVT. This case report emphasizes the importance of evaluating cases of neonatal SVT that require multiple doses of adenosine for reversal, with serial electrocardiography and electrocardiographic studies to identify the underlying cause.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4313
Shruti A Mondkar, Sushil Yewale, V. Khadilkar, A. Khadilkar, Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow, Senior Pediatric Endocrinologist
17-α-hydroxylase deficiency causes a rare type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a rare disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene. We report a novel co-occurrence of XLH with 46XY disorder of sex development due to 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency. A young child reared as a girl, presented as a toddler with genu varus, low phosphorus, normal calcium, and parathormone, and was treated as hypophosphatemic rickets. In early childhood, due to short stature and hypertension, the child was investigated for Turner syndrome. Ultrasound revealed intra-abdominal gonads and an absent uterus. The karyotype was 46XY. Investigations revealed low serum cortisol, renin, normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and aldosterone. A year later, a bilateral orchidectomy was performed. Two years later, she was referred to us for further management. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, renin, deoxycorticosterone, and clinical exome were advised. She was lost to follow-up for 3 years. On follow-up in early adolescence, she was pre-pubertal; biochemical findings of hypophosphatemic rickets, elevated ACTH, low cortisol, and low normal aldosterone were noted. Clinical exome revealed variants in the CYP17A1 gene (homozygous) causing CAH (17-α-hydroxylase) and PHEX (hemizygous) gene causing XLH. Treatment with hydrocortisone, phosphate, cholecalciferol, and calcitriol was commenced. Hypertension is now well-controlled, but genu varus persists and may require surgical correction.
{"title":"Novel co-occurrence of hypophosphatemic rickets with 46XY DSD (disorder of sex development) due to a CYP17A1 variant","authors":"Shruti A Mondkar, Sushil Yewale, V. Khadilkar, A. Khadilkar, Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow, Senior Pediatric Endocrinologist","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4313","url":null,"abstract":"17-α-hydroxylase deficiency causes a rare type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a rare disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene. We report a novel co-occurrence of XLH with 46XY disorder of sex development due to 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency. A young child reared as a girl, presented as a toddler with genu varus, low phosphorus, normal calcium, and parathormone, and was treated as hypophosphatemic rickets. In early childhood, due to short stature and hypertension, the child was investigated for Turner syndrome. Ultrasound revealed intra-abdominal gonads and an absent uterus. The karyotype was 46XY. Investigations revealed low serum cortisol, renin, normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and aldosterone. A year later, a bilateral orchidectomy was performed. Two years later, she was referred to us for further management. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, renin, deoxycorticosterone, and clinical exome were advised. She was lost to follow-up for 3 years. On follow-up in early adolescence, she was pre-pubertal; biochemical findings of hypophosphatemic rickets, elevated ACTH, low cortisol, and low normal aldosterone were noted. Clinical exome revealed variants in the CYP17A1 gene (homozygous) causing CAH (17-α-hydroxylase) and PHEX (hemizygous) gene causing XLH. Treatment with hydrocortisone, phosphate, cholecalciferol, and calcitriol was commenced. Hypertension is now well-controlled, but genu varus persists and may require surgical correction.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4339
Yashika Gupta, V. S. Nanduri
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by abnormal urine flow from the bladder back through the ureters, finally reaching the kidneys. The disease is usually symptomless and is diagnosed accidentally when patients suffer from febrile urinary tract infections. Many treatment guidelines are available ranging from medicine to surgery. However, management is a clinical art. Here, we present a pediatric case of VUR healed by Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) therapies without surgery. The normal condition of the patient’s kidneys and bladder was achieved within 2½ months of the YPV healing intervention. This case shows that YPV protocols have successfully treated a pediatric VUR condition without the need for surgery. Further research using appropriate sample and methodology is recommended.
{"title":"A pediatric patient case of vesicoureteral reflux: Successful healing using Yoga Prana Vidya protocols","authors":"Yashika Gupta, V. S. Nanduri","doi":"10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v10i9.4339","url":null,"abstract":"Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by abnormal urine flow from the bladder back through the ureters, finally reaching the kidneys. The disease is usually symptomless and is diagnosed accidentally when patients suffer from febrile urinary tract infections. Many treatment guidelines are available ranging from medicine to surgery. However, management is a clinical art. Here, we present a pediatric case of VUR healed by Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) therapies without surgery. The normal condition of the patient’s kidneys and bladder was achieved within 2½ months of the YPV healing intervention. This case shows that YPV protocols have successfully treated a pediatric VUR condition without the need for surgery. Further research using appropriate sample and methodology is recommended.","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enakshi Ganguly, Pawan K Sharma, Clareann H Bunker
Context: Acute infections of eyes, ears, skin, and others are a common cause of morbidity in under-five children. The overall burden of other infections and their risk factors is not known.
Evidence acquisition: Available literature was searched comprehensively using PubMed for acute infections (except acute respiratory and diarrheal diseases) using the relevant medical subject heading terms. Extracted articles were independently reviewed against inclusion/exclusion criteria and rated for quality. 10 articles were abstracted and reviewed to identify the reported prevalence and risk factors for acute infections among children.
Results: The pooled prevalence of infections (not including acute respiratory and diarrhea) between 2002 and 2013 was 18.42 (95% confidence interval: 9.30-30.62), with reported range of 3.7-50.8%. The significantly positively associated factors reported in single studies were young age of the child, malnutrition, poor breastfeeding, low socio-economic status, animal rearing near household and mothers' illiteracy for independent morbidities.
Conclusion: The evidence on risk factors including breastfeeding, vaccination, age, and sex that predispose under-five Indian children to different infections is inconclusive. There is a need to conduct more studies on acute infections other than acute respiratory and diarrhea, to establish their determinants in Indian children.
{"title":"Burden of acute infections (except respiratory and diarrheal) and its risk factors among under-five children in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Enakshi Ganguly, Pawan K Sharma, Clareann H Bunker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Acute infections of eyes, ears, skin, and others are a common cause of morbidity in under-five children. The overall burden of other infections and their risk factors is not known.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Available literature was searched comprehensively using PubMed for acute infections (except acute respiratory and diarrheal diseases) using the relevant medical subject heading terms. Extracted articles were independently reviewed against inclusion/exclusion criteria and rated for quality. 10 articles were abstracted and reviewed to identify the reported prevalence and risk factors for acute infections among children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of infections (not including acute respiratory and diarrhea) between 2002 and 2013 was 18.42 (95% confidence interval: 9.30-30.62), with reported range of 3.7-50.8%. The significantly positively associated factors reported in single studies were young age of the child, malnutrition, poor breastfeeding, low socio-economic status, animal rearing near household and mothers' illiteracy for independent morbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence on risk factors including breastfeeding, vaccination, age, and sex that predispose under-five Indian children to different infections is inconclusive. There is a need to conduct more studies on acute infections other than acute respiratory and diarrhea, to establish their determinants in Indian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13441,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Child Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4861080/pdf/nihms776998.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34379913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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