Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.66434
A. Kartika, H. S. Kusuma, S. Darmawati
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya‐fruit latex and yellow‐senesced leaves as a natural and organic tenderizer. The fruit and leaves of the plant were ground to powder, while 0 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g variations were used to cover 50 g of meat for 4 h. Subsequently, the Bradford and Kjeldahl methods were used to determine the protein content, while the protein profile was analyzed using SDS‐PAGE and confirmed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the protein concentration in mutton after fruit latex treatment was 41%, which was higher than the concentration of beef at 29.86%. Furthermore, the beef lost protein bands and its molecular weight fell from 225 kDa to 86 KDa, while the mutton experienced a reduction from 100 kDa to 65 kDa, which was significantly smaller than for raw meat. A single protein band was also observed at 21.6 kDa in the sample, indicating the presence of papain enzyme protein. Meanwhile, the SEM results showed that collagen and myofibril in the muscles were damaged in the treated meats. Based on these results, treatment with papaya fruit latex and yellow papaya leaves increases the tenderness of meat.
{"title":"New sources of papain: SEM and SDS‐PAGE analysis to determine the natural tenderizer from papaya latex and senesced leaves","authors":"A. Kartika, H. S. Kusuma, S. Darmawati","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.66434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.66434","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya‐fruit latex and yellow‐senesced leaves as a natural and organic tenderizer. The fruit and leaves of the plant were ground to powder, while 0 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g variations were used to cover 50 g of meat for 4 h. Subsequently, the Bradford and Kjeldahl methods were used to determine the protein content, while the protein profile was analyzed using SDS‐PAGE and confirmed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the protein concentration in mutton after fruit latex treatment was 41%, which was higher than the concentration of beef at 29.86%. Furthermore, the beef lost protein bands and its molecular weight fell from 225 kDa to 86 KDa, while the mutton experienced a reduction from 100 kDa to 65 kDa, which was significantly smaller than for raw meat. A single protein band was also observed at 21.6 kDa in the sample, indicating the presence of papain enzyme protein. Meanwhile, the SEM results showed that collagen and myofibril in the muscles were damaged in the treated meats. Based on these results, treatment with papaya fruit latex and yellow papaya leaves increases the tenderness of meat.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48974335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.70833
M. Ilham, F. Puspitasari, E. Semiarti
Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg. (also known as the Larat orchid) is an endemic orchid from Larat Island, Eastern Indonesia. Its beautiful flowers mean that many plants are taken for commercial purposes, leading to the rapid decline of populations in their natural habitats. The objectives of this study were to determine which organs of the transgenic Larat orchid carrying the 35S::GR::AtRKD4 construct, together with which concentrations of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) auxin and cytokinin, are suitable for the induction of somatic embryos (SEs). In this study, the AtRKD4 gene in Larat orchids was confirmed using PCR with specific primers for the AtRKD4 and HPT genes. Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 3 and 5 mg/L) in combination with 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.5 and 1 mg/L) were used on new phalaenopsis (NP) medium to induce SEs from leaves, pseudobulbs and roots. The AtRKD4 transgenes were detected as being stably integrated into the DNA genome of transformant plants using specific primers for AtRKD4 and HPT genes, and positive results were obtained using actin gene primers as internal controls for PCR. Pseudobulbs produced 19 to 20 SEs from 108 pseudobulb explants (89–100%), a higher number than produced in explants of the other organs studied. Among the PGR treatments, the best results were obtained in NP medium supplemented with a combination of 1 mg/L TDZ and 1 mg/L NAA, 100% of the explants of which produced SEs (2.11 ± 1.36). No significant difference was found between the morphology of the SEs produced from the non‐transformant Larat orchid pseudobulb explants and the 35S::AtRKD4 carrier transformant.
{"title":"The effectivity of thidiazuron and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid on somatic embryo induction in transgenic Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg. carrying 35S::GR::AtRKD4","authors":"M. Ilham, F. Puspitasari, E. Semiarti","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.70833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.70833","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg. (also known as the Larat orchid) is an endemic orchid from Larat Island, Eastern Indonesia. Its beautiful flowers mean that many plants are taken for commercial purposes, leading to the rapid decline of populations in their natural habitats. The objectives of this study were to determine which organs of the transgenic Larat orchid carrying the 35S::GR::AtRKD4 construct, together with which concentrations of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) auxin and cytokinin, are suitable for the induction of somatic embryos (SEs). In this study, the AtRKD4 gene in Larat orchids was confirmed using PCR with specific primers for the AtRKD4 and HPT genes. Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 3 and 5 mg/L) in combination with 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.5 and 1 mg/L) were used on new phalaenopsis (NP) medium to induce SEs from leaves, pseudobulbs and roots. The AtRKD4 transgenes were detected as being stably integrated into the DNA genome of transformant plants using specific primers for AtRKD4 and HPT genes, and positive results were obtained using actin gene primers as internal controls for PCR. Pseudobulbs produced 19 to 20 SEs from 108 pseudobulb explants (89–100%), a higher number than produced in explants of the other organs studied. Among the PGR treatments, the best results were obtained in NP medium supplemented with a combination of 1 mg/L TDZ and 1 mg/L NAA, 100% of the explants of which produced SEs (2.11 ± 1.36). No significant difference was found between the morphology of the SEs produced from the non‐transformant Larat orchid pseudobulb explants and the 35S::AtRKD4 carrier transformant.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.65943
S. Sipriyadi, Riziq Ilham Nurfahmi, U. Cahlia, R. H. Wibowo, W. Darwis, E. Nugraheni
Sponges, a group of marine multicellular animals with a porous body structure, show potential for the production of bioactive compounds. Sponge‐associated bacteria are an alternative antimicrobial producer due to their high content of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the highest‐potential antimicrobial‐producing bacteria isolate associated with Jaspis sp. sponges from Enggano island. The isolated bacteria were screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using cultures, supernatants, pellets, and crude extracts. The study also conducted genetic identification to determine the identity of the isolate with the greatest potency and its closest relationship using the 16S rRNA gene. The antimicrobial activity was determined by monitoring and measuring the diameter of the formed clear zones. The results of the observations of morphological characteristics revealed nine isolates from Jaspis sp. that each consisting of 6 JABS isolates and 3 JABB isolates. Based on isolates that had antimicrobial activity, JABS6 isolates had the best antimicrobial activity, with the diameter of inhibition zones of 24.7, 8.2, 4.6, and 33.7 mm for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. The genome sequencing of the JABS6 isolate confirmed that it was identical to Bacillus thuringiensis strain USS‐CAP‐1. The study concludes that this finding shows promise for the further development of future antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Potential of marine sponge Jaspis sp.‐associated bacteria as an antimicrobial producer in Enggano Island","authors":"S. Sipriyadi, Riziq Ilham Nurfahmi, U. Cahlia, R. H. Wibowo, W. Darwis, E. Nugraheni","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.65943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.65943","url":null,"abstract":"Sponges, a group of marine multicellular animals with a porous body structure, show potential for the production of bioactive compounds. Sponge‐associated bacteria are an alternative antimicrobial producer due to their high content of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the highest‐potential antimicrobial‐producing bacteria isolate associated with Jaspis sp. sponges from Enggano island. The isolated bacteria were screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using cultures, supernatants, pellets, and crude extracts. The study also conducted genetic identification to determine the identity of the isolate with the greatest potency and its closest relationship using the 16S rRNA gene. The antimicrobial activity was determined by monitoring and measuring the diameter of the formed clear zones. The results of the observations of morphological characteristics revealed nine isolates from Jaspis sp. that each consisting of 6 JABS isolates and 3 JABB isolates. Based on isolates that had antimicrobial activity, JABS6 isolates had the best antimicrobial activity, with the diameter of inhibition zones of 24.7, 8.2, 4.6, and 33.7 mm for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. The genome sequencing of the JABS6 isolate confirmed that it was identical to Bacillus thuringiensis strain USS‐CAP‐1. The study concludes that this finding shows promise for the further development of future antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44301690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.69505
Jesslyn Amelia, Y. Wirohadidjojo, Agnes Sri Siswati
Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative tissue growth that exceeds the initial wound margins. Captopril has been tested in vitro to reduce fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition; thus, it has potential for use in the treatment of keloids. Meanwhile, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) has already been used in keloid management. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the combination of captopril and 5‐FU in keloid fibroblast cultures. Keloid tissues were cultured up to passages 4–7. The study consisted of a control group, captopril in various concentrations (10‐2, 10‐3, 10‐4, and 10‐5 mol/L), 5‐FU 1 mg/mL and a combination of captopril at various concentrations with 5‐FU 1 mg/mL. After 144 hours of treatment, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition were measured. The study showed a significant decrease in the mean index of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the group receiving captopril in various concentrations (10‐2, 10‐3, 10‐4, and 10‐5 mol/L) and the 5‐FU group against the control group (p<0.05). In the combined‐dose group, captopril at a concentration of 10‐2 mol/L and 5‐FU showed a significant reduction in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition compared to the 5‐FU group and the captopril at the same dose (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of captopril 10‐2 mol/L and 5‐FU 1 mg/mL is better at reducing fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in keloid fibroblast cultures than captopril or 5‐FU as a single therapeutic agent.
{"title":"The efficacy of captopril and 5-fluorouracil combination in the proliferation and collagen deposition of keloid fibroblast","authors":"Jesslyn Amelia, Y. Wirohadidjojo, Agnes Sri Siswati","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.69505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.69505","url":null,"abstract":"Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative tissue growth that exceeds the initial wound margins. Captopril has been tested in vitro to reduce fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition; thus, it has potential for use in the treatment of keloids. Meanwhile, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) has already been used in keloid management. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the combination of captopril and 5‐FU in keloid fibroblast cultures. Keloid tissues were cultured up to passages 4–7. The study consisted of a control group, captopril in various concentrations (10‐2, 10‐3, 10‐4, and 10‐5 mol/L), 5‐FU 1 mg/mL and a combination of captopril at various concentrations with 5‐FU 1 mg/mL. After 144 hours of treatment, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition were measured. The study showed a significant decrease in the mean index of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the group receiving captopril in various concentrations (10‐2, 10‐3, 10‐4, and 10‐5 mol/L) and the 5‐FU group against the control group (p<0.05). In the combined‐dose group, captopril at a concentration of 10‐2 mol/L and 5‐FU showed a significant reduction in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition compared to the 5‐FU group and the captopril at the same dose (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of captopril 10‐2 mol/L and 5‐FU 1 mg/mL is better at reducing fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in keloid fibroblast cultures than captopril or 5‐FU as a single therapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44049551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.72269
S. Soidah, T. Subroto, Sari Syahruni, Fauzian Giansyah, Henry Chandra, D. Salsabila, B. Alisjahbana, N. Fauziah, H. L. Wiraswati, Leonardus Wiydatmoko, B. Andriyoko, Anita Yuwita, Muhammad Yusuf
More than 6,000,000 people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. This disease spread quickly due to its highly contagious nature. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus that causes the disease can be transmitted through saliva droplets secreted by infected people at a distance of less than 1 m. As a result, saliva has been accepted as an alternative specimen for COVID‐19 detection by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Furthermore, WHO recommended the use of rapid antigen tests based on lateral flow immunoassay when reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is not available. We developed a saliva‐based rapid antigen test by optimizing the antibody concentration and optimum pH for the conjugation of antibody and gold nanoparticles. We found that the best running buffer formulation consisted of 75 mM sodium phosphate buffer, 1% NaCl, 1% Triton X‐100, 0.5% N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, and 0.02% sodium azide. The addition of a mucolytic agent in the buffer can reduce the viscosity of saliva, thus improving sensitivity. The rapid test developed detected the lowest concentration of nucleocapsid protein at 0.1 μg/mL. Our study revealed 100% specificity against negative COVID‐19 saliva and no cross‐reaction with avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.
超过600万人死于冠状病毒(COVID - 19)大流行。这种疾病由于具有高度传染性而传播迅速。导致该病的SARS - CoV - 2病毒可通过感染者分泌的唾液飞沫在不到1米的距离内传播。因此，唾液已被美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)接受为检测COVID - 19的替代样本。此外，世卫组织建议在无法进行逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT - PCR)时，使用基于侧流免疫分析法的快速抗原检测。我们通过优化抗体浓度和最佳pH值，开发了一种基于唾液的快速抗原检测方法，用于抗体和金纳米颗粒的结合。我们发现最佳的缓冲液配方为75mm磷酸钠缓冲液，1% NaCl, 1% Triton X - 100, 0.5% N -乙酰- L -半胱氨酸，0.02%叠氮化钠。在缓冲液中加入黏液溶解剂可以降低唾液的黏度，从而提高灵敏度。建立的快速检测方法检测到最低浓度的核衣壳蛋白为0.1 μg/mL。我们的研究显示对阴性COVID - 19唾液的特异性为100%，与禽流感病毒血凝素无交叉反应。
{"title":"Early development of self‐administered COVID‐19 rapid test based on nucleocapsid detection in saliva sample","authors":"S. Soidah, T. Subroto, Sari Syahruni, Fauzian Giansyah, Henry Chandra, D. Salsabila, B. Alisjahbana, N. Fauziah, H. L. Wiraswati, Leonardus Wiydatmoko, B. Andriyoko, Anita Yuwita, Muhammad Yusuf","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.72269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.72269","url":null,"abstract":"More than 6,000,000 people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. This disease spread quickly due to its highly contagious nature. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus that causes the disease can be transmitted through saliva droplets secreted by infected people at a distance of less than 1 m. As a result, saliva has been accepted as an alternative specimen for COVID‐19 detection by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Furthermore, WHO recommended the use of rapid antigen tests based on lateral flow immunoassay when reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is not available. We developed a saliva‐based rapid antigen test by optimizing the antibody concentration and optimum pH for the conjugation of antibody and gold nanoparticles. We found that the best running buffer formulation consisted of 75 mM sodium phosphate buffer, 1% NaCl, 1% Triton X‐100, 0.5% N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, and 0.02% sodium azide. The addition of a mucolytic agent in the buffer can reduce the viscosity of saliva, thus improving sensitivity. The rapid test developed detected the lowest concentration of nucleocapsid protein at 0.1 μg/mL. Our study revealed 100% specificity against negative COVID‐19 saliva and no cross‐reaction with avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42625889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.67549
Lailatul Qodria, Rohmad Yudi Utomo, A. Hermawan, E. Meiyanto
HER2‐positive breast cancer is an aggressive form of the disease that is associated with poor prognosis and chemo‐resistance. As such, investigation continues into the development of a new HER2‐targeted drug for breast cancer. This study investigated the anti‐proliferative activities of pentagamaboronon‐0‐sorbitol (PGB‐0‐So) in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer (MCF‐7/HER2) cells. The cytotoxicity of PGB‐0‐So was assessed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin‐V‐FITC staining was conducted to investigate the mechanism of PGB‐0‐So in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‐7/HER2 cells. Finally, FACS analysis with 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining was performed to examine intracellular ROS production. PGB‐0‐So exerted cytotoxicity towards MCF‐7/HER2 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 36 μM. PGB‐0‐So induced S‐phase arrest and apoptosis in MCF‐7/HER2 cells. Moreover, PGB‐0‐So could increase intracellular ROS production in MCF‐7/HER2 cells. PGB‐0‐So exerted anti‐proliferative activity towards MCF‐7/HER2 cells. This compound may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent against HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer.
{"title":"Anti‐proliferative effects of pentagamaboronon‐0‐sorbitol on HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer cells","authors":"Lailatul Qodria, Rohmad Yudi Utomo, A. Hermawan, E. Meiyanto","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.67549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.67549","url":null,"abstract":"HER2‐positive breast cancer is an aggressive form of the disease that is associated with poor prognosis and chemo‐resistance. As such, investigation continues into the development of a new HER2‐targeted drug for breast cancer. This study investigated the anti‐proliferative activities of pentagamaboronon‐0‐sorbitol (PGB‐0‐So) in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer (MCF‐7/HER2) cells. The cytotoxicity of PGB‐0‐So was assessed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin‐V‐FITC staining was conducted to investigate the mechanism of PGB‐0‐So in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‐7/HER2 cells. Finally, FACS analysis with 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining was performed to examine intracellular ROS production. PGB‐0‐So exerted cytotoxicity towards MCF‐7/HER2 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 36 μM. PGB‐0‐So induced S‐phase arrest and apoptosis in MCF‐7/HER2 cells. Moreover, PGB‐0‐So could increase intracellular ROS production in MCF‐7/HER2 cells. PGB‐0‐So exerted anti‐proliferative activity towards MCF‐7/HER2 cells. This compound may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent against HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46200690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. The management of colorectal cancer requires consideration of various factors due to the non‐selectivity of drugs, meaning that highly effective treatment with lower side effects is needed. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) contains thymoquinone and various other metabolites with potential as anticancer effects. The involvement of various genes and the difficulty of drug development have led to a ashift in the drug development paradigm towards plant‐based medicine that is both multicomponent and synergistic in supporting the resulting pharmacological effects. Network pharmacology can predict the synergistic effect of a multicomponent approach. This study aimed to predict the network pharmacology of black cumin as a candidate for OMAI (“Obat Modern Asli Indonesia”, Indonesian‐origin modern medicine) in colorectal cancer. This research was an in silico study using various ethnobotanical databases and software. The results show that seven metabolites in black cumin are correlated with ten surface receptor proteins, 30 intracellular proteins, and mechanisms involving six colorectal cancer signaling pathways. This result indicates that Nigella sativa L. has potential in OMAI and can be a reference for the development of cancer treatment, especially for colorectal cancer.
癌症是全球第三大最常见的癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。由于药物的非选择性，癌症的治疗需要考虑各种因素，这意味着需要低副作用的高效治疗。黑孜然（Nigella sativa L.）含有胸腺醌和各种其他具有抗癌潜力的代谢产物。各种基因的参与和药物开发的困难导致了药物开发范式向植物药物的转变，植物药物是多组分的，在支持由此产生的药理作用方面具有协同作用。网络药理学可以预测多组分方法的协同效应。本研究旨在预测黑孜然作为OMAI（“Obat Modern Asli Indonesia”，源自印度尼西亚的现代医学）在结直肠癌癌症中的候选药物的网络药理学。这项研究是一项使用各种民族植物学数据库和软件的计算机研究。结果表明，黑孜然中的7种代谢产物与10种表面受体蛋白、30种细胞内蛋白以及涉及6种大肠癌信号通路的机制有关。这一结果表明，Nigella sativa L.在OMAI中具有潜力，可为癌症特别是癌症治疗的发展提供参考。
{"title":"Network pharmacology of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as a candidate of OMAI in colorectal cancer: in silico study","authors":"Firzannida Firzannida, Sakti Bagaskara, Savana Sonia Savira, Aufa Fadnurrahim, Siti Rofida","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.70699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.70699","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. The management of colorectal cancer requires consideration of various factors due to the non‐selectivity of drugs, meaning that highly effective treatment with lower side effects is needed. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) contains thymoquinone and various other metabolites with potential as anticancer effects. The involvement of various genes and the difficulty of drug development have led to a ashift in the drug development paradigm towards plant‐based medicine that is both multicomponent and synergistic in supporting the resulting pharmacological effects. Network pharmacology can predict the synergistic effect of a multicomponent approach. This study aimed to predict the network pharmacology of black cumin as a candidate for OMAI (“Obat Modern Asli Indonesia”, Indonesian‐origin modern medicine) in colorectal cancer. This research was an in silico study using various ethnobotanical databases and software. The results show that seven metabolites in black cumin are correlated with ten surface receptor proteins, 30 intracellular proteins, and mechanisms involving six colorectal cancer signaling pathways. This result indicates that Nigella sativa L. has potential in OMAI and can be a reference for the development of cancer treatment, especially for colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47347448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.66549
J. Heng, Haliza Hamzah
Solid‐state fermentation is one of the easiest and cheapest methods for producing microbial bioactive com‐ pounds. Trichoderma harzianum has long been recognised as one of the potential fungi for this purpose. Trichoderma sp. were isolated from banana rhizosphere using the soil dilution method and later screened for their ability to produce cellulases using filter paper activity (FPase) and the carboxylmethyl cellulase (CMCase) test. Trichoderma sp. were also subjected to one factor change at a time to determine the effects of different parameters on cellulase production. It was observed that T. harzianum TF2 showed the ability to produce higher cellulase activity when wheat bran was used as the substrate. The results showed that 38.5 U/g of cellulase was produced with the use of wheat bran coupled with an incubation temperature of 28 °C and moisture content of 60%. T. harzianum TF2 showed good potential for use as a culture for cellulase production in this study due to its higher cellulase production under solid‐state fermentation, with the possibility of its application to industry.
{"title":"Effects of different parameters on cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum TF2 using solid‐state fermentation (SSF)","authors":"J. Heng, Haliza Hamzah","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.66549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.66549","url":null,"abstract":"Solid‐state fermentation is one of the easiest and cheapest methods for producing microbial bioactive com‐ pounds. Trichoderma harzianum has long been recognised as one of the potential fungi for this purpose. Trichoderma sp. were isolated from banana rhizosphere using the soil dilution method and later screened for their ability to produce cellulases using filter paper activity (FPase) and the carboxylmethyl cellulase (CMCase) test. Trichoderma sp. were also subjected to one factor change at a time to determine the effects of different parameters on cellulase production. It was observed that T. harzianum TF2 showed the ability to produce higher cellulase activity when wheat bran was used as the substrate. The results showed that 38.5 U/g of cellulase was produced with the use of wheat bran coupled with an incubation temperature of 28 °C and moisture content of 60%. T. harzianum TF2 showed good potential for use as a culture for cellulase production in this study due to its higher cellulase production under solid‐state fermentation, with the possibility of its application to industry.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.63766
A. N. Artanti, F. Prihapsara, Ranita Kumalasari Susanto
Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. Ex. Bl.) is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro. As only a limited number of studies have reported the effect of parijoto on colon cancer cells, this study initially aimed to measure the total flavonoid levels and potential cytotoxic effects of parijoto methanol extract (PME) through cell viability assays and expression of the apoptotic protein on WiDr colon cancer cells as a model. PME cytotoxic activity was determined by conducting a cytotoxicity test on WiDr colon cancer cells using the MTT assay. The synergistic cytotoxic effects of the PME and cisplatin were tested to obtain the combination index (CI) value. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the apoptotic protein expression was observed by immunocytochemical tests. Furthermore, quercetin as a major flavonoid in PME was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that PME had a moderate cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 198.64±1.6 µg/mL, whereas the IC50 of cisplatin was 2.34±0.7 µg/mL. The PME with cisplatin combination test showed a strong synergistic effect with a CI value of <1 (0.1‐0.4). The combination showed increased apoptosis properties compared to PME treatment alone. In addition, immunocytochemistry showed that PME alone or in combination with cisplatin increased the pro‐apoptosis proteins (p53 and caspase‐9) and suppressed Bcl‐2 expression. Moreover, the cell viability value increased as the PME concentration decreased. The administration of PME led to changes in cell morphology, lower cell density, and a decreasing number of living cells. Therefore, the combination of PME and cisplatin had a strong synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis.
{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. Ex. Bl.) methanol extract combined with cisplatin on WiDr colon cancer cells through apoptosis induction","authors":"A. N. Artanti, F. Prihapsara, Ranita Kumalasari Susanto","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.63766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.63766","url":null,"abstract":"Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. Ex. Bl.) is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro. As only a limited number of studies have reported the effect of parijoto on colon cancer cells, this study initially aimed to measure the total flavonoid levels and potential cytotoxic effects of parijoto methanol extract (PME) through cell viability assays and expression of the apoptotic protein on WiDr colon cancer cells as a model. PME cytotoxic activity was determined by conducting a cytotoxicity test on WiDr colon cancer cells using the MTT assay. The synergistic cytotoxic effects of the PME and cisplatin were tested to obtain the combination index (CI) value. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the apoptotic protein expression was observed by immunocytochemical tests. Furthermore, quercetin as a major flavonoid in PME was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that PME had a moderate cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 198.64±1.6 µg/mL, whereas the IC50 of cisplatin was 2.34±0.7 µg/mL. The PME with cisplatin combination test showed a strong synergistic effect with a CI value of <1 (0.1‐0.4). The combination showed increased apoptosis properties compared to PME treatment alone. In addition, immunocytochemistry showed that PME alone or in combination with cisplatin increased the pro‐apoptosis proteins (p53 and caspase‐9) and suppressed Bcl‐2 expression. Moreover, the cell viability value increased as the PME concentration decreased. The administration of PME led to changes in cell morphology, lower cell density, and a decreasing number of living cells. Therefore, the combination of PME and cisplatin had a strong synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44306301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.70264
Syafira Fatihatul Husna, P. Dewanti, B. Sugiharto, Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between callus regeneration rate and the expression of several genes responsible for cytokinin response and ethylene biosynthesis in the Ciherang, Mentik Wangi Susu, Hwayoung and Tarabas rice varieties. The callus regeneration rate of each rice variety was in vitro tested using N6 media, while the gene expression during the callus regeneration stages was examined using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Our results showed that the callus of Ciherang and Mentik Wangi Susu showed earlier green spot formation that then turned brown at a later stage, resulting in a low regeneration rate. While Hwayoung and Tarabas showed late green spot formation, high shoot regeneration was observed in both calluses. Gene expression analysis of regeneration media‐grown calluses showed that two cytokinin‐responsive genes, OsRR2 and OsRR6, were highly expressed in the Ciherang and Hwayoung callus, respectively. We also observed that ethylene biosynthesis genes such as OsACS1 and OsACO1 were highly expressed in the Mentik Wangi Susu and Hwayoung callus, respectively. Moreover, the expression of OsBBM1 was high in Hwayoung and Tarabas. Thus, the positive correlation between the expression of cytokinin‐responsive and ethylene biosynthesis genes with somatic embryogenesis activity likely depends on the induction level of OsBBM1.
{"title":"Expression of cytokinin responsive and ethylene biosynthesis genes in rice callus with different regeneration rates","authors":"Syafira Fatihatul Husna, P. Dewanti, B. Sugiharto, Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata","doi":"10.22146/ijbiotech.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.70264","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the correlation between callus regeneration rate and the expression of several genes responsible for cytokinin response and ethylene biosynthesis in the Ciherang, Mentik Wangi Susu, Hwayoung and Tarabas rice varieties. The callus regeneration rate of each rice variety was in vitro tested using N6 media, while the gene expression during the callus regeneration stages was examined using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Our results showed that the callus of Ciherang and Mentik Wangi Susu showed earlier green spot formation that then turned brown at a later stage, resulting in a low regeneration rate. While Hwayoung and Tarabas showed late green spot formation, high shoot regeneration was observed in both calluses. Gene expression analysis of regeneration media‐grown calluses showed that two cytokinin‐responsive genes, OsRR2 and OsRR6, were highly expressed in the Ciherang and Hwayoung callus, respectively. We also observed that ethylene biosynthesis genes such as OsACS1 and OsACO1 were highly expressed in the Mentik Wangi Susu and Hwayoung callus, respectively. Moreover, the expression of OsBBM1 was high in Hwayoung and Tarabas. Thus, the positive correlation between the expression of cytokinin‐responsive and ethylene biosynthesis genes with somatic embryogenesis activity likely depends on the induction level of OsBBM1.","PeriodicalId":13452,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43678398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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