Igaku kenkyu. Acta medica最新文献

We designed a new non constrained total shoulder prosthesis and examined it biomechanically. In order to adapt the shoulder prosthesis for the Japanese, fifty skeletal and one hundred radiographs shoulder joints of Japanese were measured. In radiographs we also measured curvature radius of the humeral head and glenoid fossa. We studied force analysis to elucidate the stability of gleno humeral joint using Rigid Body Spring Model. The result on this study indicate that to lengthen the glenoid surface and to make it near the same radius head and glenoid the joint stability will become stable. Our total shoulder prosthesis consist of a cobalt alloy humeral component, a cobalt alloy glenoid component and a high density polyethylene++ outer head put over a small head of humeral component. The glenoid component have two variations. One is for anatomical replacement and its central angle is 78 degrees. The other is for poor function of rotator cuff and its central angle is 110 degrees. The results of biomechanical experiments showed possibility and advantages of our non constrained total shoulder prosthesis being put into clinical practice.

Inferior stabilizing mechanism was studied after anatomical dissection of vertical stabilizing tissues in 98 fresh shoulder joints from human autopsies and measuring relative restraint by stabilizing tissues in 8 fresh shoulder specimens from monkeys. This results demonstrated that the coracohumeral ligament and supraspinatus tendon were most important structure as static and dynamic stabilizers, and closely interacted with each other in preventing inferior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint.

A human skeletal remain of the Kofun period were excavated from North Kyushu where human skeletons of the Yayoi period with a high face and tall stature had been found. The Shimozuru Kofun skull has a high upper face, the orbit and nasal part are close to the Yayoi skeletons excavated in this area, and those heights are higher than the mean values of the Yayoi skeletons in North Kyushu.

Serum T3 concentration and T3/T4 Ratio in the patients of senile dementia (SD) are smaller than those in the healthy. Especially, those in the group of cerebro-vascular dementia (CVD) were remarkably lower than the healthy. However average of serum T4 in the former is very similar to it in the latter. This fact suggests the disturbance of metabolic transformation of T4 to T3 in the post-apoplectic brain. It seems to lead man to the metabolic disturbances of glucose, protein, nucleic acid, etc, and moreover CVD. Basing on the experiences, the author thinks of the next .--'Cerebro-vascular dementia may be able to be prevented, if a very small dose of triiodothyronine (T3) is given to the early stage after an apoplectic attack with a consideration to side-effects of T3. Moreover, T3 may bring a preventive and therapeutic effect even to senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT).' 'The reason why the Japanese people have tended to suffer from CVD more frequently than SDAT, may be due to the customs, of which they have lived in seaside and taken iodine-rich fishes and marine plants as their subsidiary foods, as if the schizophrenic patients in the Alpine regions of iodine-lack were characterized by prevalence of so called negative symptoms'.

Rat hemopoietic cells were analyzed with immunohistochemical technique, binding inhibition assay and flow cytometer using a monoclonal antibody (UB-12) to rat fetal liver hemopoietic cells. UB-12 positive cells were recognized in only red pulp but not in white pulp of spleen. The number and fluorescence intensity of UB-12 positive cells in spleen appeared to reach to peak at 6 weeks old occupying about 60 to 70% of total cells in red pulp. On the other hand, OX-7 (anti-Thy-1) positive and W3/13 (anti-leuko-sialoglycoprotein) positive cells were found in both red and white pulp, but not in marginal zone of spleen. UB-12 antigen was found on the surface of the cells only in the early stages of hemopoiesis: relatively large nuclei of UB-12 positive cells were rich in heterochromatin. There were a large number of free-ribosomes and some mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a centriole was observed in cytoplasm at some sections of UB-12 positive cells. From the EPICS analysis of adult rat bone marrow cells using UB-12, OX-7 and W3/13 monoclonal antibodies, the percent of UB-12, OX-7 and W3/13 positive cells was 82%, i.e., 18% was negative from these monoclonal antibodies. UB-12 single positive, OX-7 single positive and W3/13 single positive cells were 7%, 7% and 47%, respectively. The percent of triple positive cells with these antibodies was about 2%.

To clarify the mechanism of action of catecholestrogen and catecholestrogen 2-monomethylether on lipid metabolism, the effects of 2-OHE1, 2-MeoE1, 2-MeoE3 and E2-17 beta on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride levels, beta/alpha lipoprotein ratio, body weights and uterine weights were investigated in five serial experimental systems using normochoesterolemic and dietary hypercholesterolemic female rats those were previously oophorectomized. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In a short term hormone administration experiment using normocholesterolemic rats, 2-OHE1, 2-MeoE1, and 2-MeoE3 showed a serum triglyceride reducing effect as strong as that of E2-17 beta. 2) To integrate the results of the short term hormone administration experiment in normocholesterolemic rats and the results of short term and long term hormone administration experiments in dietary hypercholesterolemic rats, the serum cholesterol reducing activity was in the following sequences; 2-MeoE3 not equal to E2-17 beta greater than 2-MeoE1 greater than 2-OHE1. Hypocholesterolemic activity of 2-MeoE3 was almost equivalent or slightly stronger than that of E2-17 beta, and 2-MeoE1 showed approximately a half of that of E2-17 beta. 3) According to the results of the short term hormone administration experiment, and the long term hormone administration experiment in dietary hypercholesterolemic rats, the serum HDL-cholesterol increasing effect was in the following relation; E2-17 beta greater than 2-MeoE3 greater than 2-MeoE1. Dose dependency was not observed in the serum HDL-cholesterol increasing effect. 4) From the results of the short term hormone administration experiment, 2-MeoE3 had an equal or stronger activity than that of E2-17 beta in serum beta/alpha lipoprotein ratio decreasing effect. 5) In experiment 4 which 2-MeoE3 and E2-17 beta were administered singly or combined with Tamoxifen to the dietary hypercholesterolemic rats, the hypocholesterolemic effect of neither hormone was inhibited by Tamoxifen. On the other hand, the uterotrophic activity of E2-17 beta was slightly, but not significantly inhibited by Tamoxifen. 6) Although E2-17 beta, 2-MeoE1 exhibited a remarkable uterotrophic activity and a slight reducing effect on body weight, neither 2-OHE1 nor 2-MeoE3 had an effect on uterine weight or body weight. Given these results, it was strongly suggested that the effects of catecholestrogen and catecholestrogen 2-monomethyl ether on serum lipids were not mediated by the estrogen receptor system but by other mechanisms of action.

This paper reports on T4-toxicosis, observed in the patient, who had previously fallen into a state of T3-toxicosis. In T4-toxicosis of this case, reverse T3 remarkably increased in concentration and T3 decreased in it. This case seems the very interesting one of which T4-toxicosis was followed by T3-toxicosis, and makes researchers consider about the mechanism why T3-toxicosis and T4-toxicosis are formed of, and about the relation between schizophrenia and those hyperthyroidism.

The authors observed the localization of adrenaline, noradrenaline and histamine in the walls of splenic and renal blood vessels of ligature strangulated guinea-pigs by autoradiography and immunocytochemistry, and measured the 3H-adrenaline and 3H-noradrenaline contents of the spleen et al.'s tissues of the guinea-pigs sacrificed by ligature strangulation. In both the experimental and control groups, some silver grains were observed in the endothelial cells of splenic central arteries, splenic trabecular veins, splenic venous sinuses and renal interlobular arteries after 3H-adrenaline administrations. In the ligature strangulation, the reactions of histamine exclusively demonstrated in the Weibel-Palade bodies of the splenic central arterial endothelial cells. By radioassay, the 3H-adrenaline contents of splenic and renal tissues were more than the control groups. From the above-mentioned facts, adrenaline-induced constrictions of splenic central arteries, splenic trabecular veins and splenic venous sinuses were recognized.

CA125 in serum and pleural effusion was measured in 51 patients with malignant effusion and 38 patients with benign effusion, and the tissue distribution of CA125 was investigated by immunohistochemical technique. The 51 malignant effusions were secondary to primary lung cancer. The 38 benign effusions were taken from 23 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, 9 patients with empyema, 5 patients with congestive heart failure and one patient with nephrosis. In the mean level and the positive rate of serum CA125, no significant difference was shown between primary lung cancer and tuberculosis or the other benign diseases. The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of primary lung cancer was significantly higher than that in pleural effusion of tuberculosis (p less than 0.01), and showed a tendency to increase compared to that in pleural effusion of the other benign diseases (p less than 0.1). The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of tuberculosis was significantly lower than that in the other benign diseases (p less than 0.02). The positive rate of CA125 in malignant effusion was 43.1% and the diagnostic specificity of it was 86.7%. CA125 was detected in carcinoma cells and activated mesothelial cells in pleural effusion and mesothelial cells of normal pleural tissue by immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that the measurement of CA125 in pleural effusion is useful for differential diagnosis of the malignant effusion from the benign effusion and that CA125 in pleural effusion of pleuritis carcinomatosa is produced by not only carcinoma cells but also activated mesothelial cells.