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Computationally efficient handwritten Telugu text recognition 计算效率高的泰卢固语手写文本识别
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1618-1626
Buddaraju Revathi, M. V. D. Prasad, N. K. Gattim
Optical character recognition (OCR) for regional languages is difficult due to their complex orthographic structure, lack of dataset resources, a greater number of characters and similarity in structure between characters. Telugu is popular language in states of Andhra and Telangana. Telugu exhibits distinct separation between characters within a word, making a character-level dataset sufficient. With a smaller dataset, we can effectively recognize more words. However, challenges arise during the training of compound characters, which are combinations of vowels and consonants. These are considered as two or more characters based on associated vattus and dheerghams with the base character. To address this challenge, each compound character is encoded into a numerical value and used as input during training, with subsequent retrieval during recognition. The segmentation issue arises from overlapping characters caused by varying handwritten styles. For handling segmentation issues at the character level arising from handwritten styles, we have proposed an algorithm based on the language's features. To enhance word-level accuracy a dictionary-based model was devised. A neural network utilizing the inception module is employed for feature extraction at various scales, achieving word-level accuracy rates of 78% with fewer trainable parameters.
由于正字法结构复杂、缺乏数据集资源、字符数量较多且字符结构相似,区域语言的光学字符识别(OCR)非常困难。泰卢固语是安得拉邦和泰兰加纳邦的流行语言。泰卢固语在一个单词内的字符之间有明显的分隔,因此字符级数据集就足够了。有了较小的数据集,我们就能有效识别更多的单词。然而,在训练复合字符(即元音和辅音的组合)的过程中会遇到挑战。根据与基本字符相关的元音和辅音,这些字符被视为两个或多个字符。为了应对这一挑战,每个复合字符都被编码成一个数值,在训练过程中用作输入,随后在识别过程中进行检索。由于手写体风格各异,导致字符重叠,从而产生了分割问题。为了处理手写体引起的字符级分割问题,我们提出了一种基于语言特征的算法。为了提高单词级的准确性,我们设计了一个基于字典的模型。利用萌芽模块的神经网络进行各种规模的特征提取,以较少的可训练参数达到 78% 的单词级准确率。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent-of-things multiagent system for smart home energy monitoring 用于智能家居能源监测的物联智能多代理系统
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1858-1867
Ratna kumari Vemuri, Chinni Bala Vijaya Durga, Syed Abuthahir Syed Ibrahim, Nagaraju Arumalla, Senthilvadivu Subramanian, Lakshmi Bhukya
The proliferation of IoT devices has ushered in a new era of smart homes, where efficient energy management is a paramount concern. Multiagent artificial intelligence-of-things (MAIoT) has emerged as a promising approach to address the complex challenges of smart home energy management. This research study examines MAIoT's components, functioning, benefits, and drawbacks. MAIoT systems improve energy efficiency and user comfort by combining multiagent systems and IoT devices. However, privacy, security, interoperability, scalability, and user acceptability must be addressed. As technology advances, MAIoT in smart home energy management will offer more sophisticated and adaptable solutions to cut energy consumption and promote sustainability. This article describes how energy status and internal pricing signals affect group intelligent decision making and the interaction dynamics between consumers or decision makers. In a multiagent configuration based on the new concept of artificial intelligence-of-things, this intelligent home energy management challenge is simulated and illustrated using software and hardware. Based on sufficient experimental simulations, this paper suggested that residential clients can significantly improve their economic benefit and decision-making efficiency.
物联网设备的普及开创了智能家居的新时代,而高效的能源管理是智能家居的首要关注点。多代理物联网人工智能(MAIoT)已成为应对智能家居能源管理复杂挑战的一种有前途的方法。本研究探讨了 MAIoT 的组件、功能、优点和缺点。MAIoT 系统通过将多代理系统与物联网设备相结合,提高了能源效率和用户舒适度。然而,必须解决隐私、安全、互操作性、可扩展性和用户接受度等问题。随着技术的进步,智能家居能源管理中的 MAIoT 将提供更复杂、适应性更强的解决方案,以降低能耗,促进可持续发展。本文介绍了能源状况和内部价格信号如何影响群体智能决策以及消费者或决策者之间的互动动态。在基于人工智能新概念的多代理配置中,利用软件和硬件对这一智能家庭能源管理挑战进行了模拟和说明。在充分实验模拟的基础上,本文提出住宅客户可以显著提高其经济效益和决策效率。
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引用次数: 0
TQU-HG dataset and comparative study for hand gesture recognition of RGB-based images using deep learning 利用深度学习识别基于 RGB 图像的手势的 TQU-HG 数据集和比较研究
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1603-1617
Van-Dinh Do, Van-Hung Le, Huu-Son Do, Van-Nam Phan, Trung-Hieu Te
Hand gesture recognition has great applications in human-computer interaction (HCI), human-robot interaction (HRI), and supporting the deaf and mute. To build a hand gesture recognition model using deep learning (DL) with high results then needs to be trained on many data and in many different conditions and contexts. In this paper, we publish the TQU-HG dataset of large RGB images with low resolution (640×480) pixels, low light conditions, and fast speed (16 fps). TQU-HG dataset includes 60,000 images collected from 20 people (10 male, 10 female) with 15 gestures of both left and right hands. A comparative study with two branches: i) based on Mediapipe TML and ii) Based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (you only look once (YOLO); YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, YOLO-Nas, single shot multiBox detector (SSD) VGG16, residual network (ResNet)18, ResNext50, ResNet152, ResNext50, MobileNet V3 small, and MobileNet V3 large), the architecture and operation of CNNs models are also introduced in detail. We especially fine-tune the model and evaluate it on TQU-HG and HaGRID datasets. The quantitative results of the training and testing are presented (F1-score of YOLOv8, YOLO-Nas, MobileNet V3 small, ResNet50 is 98.99%, 98.98%, 99.27%, 99.36%, respectively on the TQU-HG dataset and is 99.21%, 99.37%, 99.36%, 86.4%, 98.3%, respectively on the HaGRID dataset). The computation time of YOLOv8 is 6.19 fps on the CPU and 18.28 fps on the GPU.
手势识别在人机交互(HCI)、人机交互(HRI)以及支持聋哑人等方面有着广泛的应用。要利用深度学习(DL)建立一个效果显著的手势识别模型,就需要在许多不同的条件和环境下对许多数据进行训练。在本文中,我们发布了 TQU-HG 数据集,该数据集包含低分辨率(640×480)像素、低光照条件和高速(16 帧/秒)的大型 RGB 图像。TQU-HG 数据集包含从 20 人(10 男 10 女)中收集的 60,000 张图像,左右手各 15 种手势。比较研究有两个分支:i) 基于 Mediapipe TML;ii) 基于卷积神经网络(CNNs)(你只看一次(YOLO);YOLOv5、YOLOv6、YOLOv7、YOLOv8、YOLO-Nas、单枪多盒检测器(SSD)VGG16、残差网络(ResNet)18、ResNext50、ResNet152、ResNext50、MobileNet V3 小模型和 MobileNet V3 大模型),详细介绍了 CNNs 模型的架构和运行。我们特别对模型进行了微调,并在 TQU-HG 和 HaGRID 数据集上进行了评估。我们给出了训练和测试的定量结果(在 TQU-HG 数据集上,YOLOv8、YOLO-Nas、MobileNet V3 small、ResNet50 的 F1 分数分别为 98.99%、98.98%、99.27%、99.36%;在 HaGRID 数据集上,YOLOv8、YOLO-Nas、MobileNet V3 small、ResNet50 的 F1 分数分别为 99.21%、99.37%、99.36%、86.4%、98.3%)。YOLOv8 在 CPU 上的计算时间为 6.19 fps,在 GPU 上的计算时间为 18.28 fps。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of converter transformer pressboard insulation degradation under surge using mathematical morphology 利用数学形态学分析变流器变压器压板绝缘在浪涌作用下的退化情况
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1434-1443
S. S. Mopari, D. More, A. Bhalchandra, Pannala Krishna Murthy, K. Jadhav
Nowadays, with the significant expansion of industrial growth, the bulk power requirement can only be satisfied through high-voltage direct current HVDC transmission. The converter transformer is the utmost vital part of the HVDC transmission. Pressboard insulation is most commonly used as inter-disc insulation in converter transformers. During working conditions due to elevated temperature and different operational stresses, insulation material gets deteriorated. It may cause a risk to the life of the converter transformer. The effects of elevated temperatures as well as frequency on pressboard insulation of the converter transformer are examined in this study. The condition evaluation and morphological changes in pressboard insulation at elevated temperatures can evaluate with the help of frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The impact of elevated temperatures on insulation material can be analyzed based on surface roughness and dielectric parameters. In MATLAB Simulink environment, a dual winding single-phase converter transformers valve side star winding 60 discs model is constructed for impulse test. Based upon arrival time and velocity of traveling wave, insulation degradation location can be identified by using mathematical morphology. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested method can notably located degradation across disc winding.
如今,随着工业增长的大幅扩张,只有通过高压直流 HVDC 输电才能满足大宗电力需求。换流变压器是高压直流输电中最重要的部分。在换流变压器中,压板绝缘是最常用的盘间绝缘材料。在工作条件下,由于温度升高和不同的运行压力,绝缘材料会发生老化。这可能会危及换流变压器的使用寿命。本研究探讨了高温和频率对换流变压器压板绝缘的影响。在频域光谱(FDS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)技术的帮助下,可以评估在高温下压力板绝缘的状况评估和形态变化。高温对绝缘材料的影响可根据表面粗糙度和介电参数进行分析。在 MATLAB Simulink 环境中,构建了双绕组单相变流器阀侧星形绕组 60 圆盘模型,用于脉冲测试。根据行波的到达时间和速度,利用数学形态学确定绝缘劣化位置。仿真结果表明,所建议的方法可以显著定位整个圆盘绕组的绝缘劣化位置。
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering botnets in IoT sensor networks: a hybrid self-organizing maps approach 揭示物联网传感器网络中的僵尸网络:一种混合自组织地图方法
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1840-1857
Mwaffaq Abu AlHija, Hamza Jehad Alqudah, Hiba Dar-Othman
The integration of the internet of things (IoT) has revolutionized diverse industries, introducing interconnected devices and IoT sensor networks for improved data acquisition. However, this connectivity exposes IoT ecosystems to emerging threats, with botnets posing significant risks to security. This research aims to develop an innovative solution for detecting botnets in IoT sensor networks. Leveraging insights from existing research, the study focuses on designing a hybrid self-organization map (SOM) Approach that integrates lightweight deep learning (DL) techniques. The objective is to enhance detection accuracy by exploring various DL architectures. Proposed methodology aims to balance computational efficiency for resource-constrained IoT devices while improving the discriminatory power of the detection system. The study advancing IoT cybersecurity and addresses critical challenges in botnet detection within IoT sensor networks. The testing of the artificial neural networks (ANN) classifier involves three models, each represented based on parameters related to the construction of the training models. The most effective ANN achieves 86%, works on anomaly intrusion detection systems (AIDS).
物联网(IoT)的整合给各行各业带来了革命性的变化,它引入了互联设备和物联网传感器网络,以改进数据采集。然而,这种连通性使物联网生态系统面临新出现的威胁,其中僵尸网络对安全构成了重大风险。本研究旨在开发一种创新解决方案,用于检测物联网传感器网络中的僵尸网络。利用现有研究的见解,本研究侧重于设计一种混合自组织图(SOM)方法,该方法集成了轻量级深度学习(DL)技术。其目的是通过探索各种 DL 架构来提高检测精度。提出的方法旨在平衡资源受限的物联网设备的计算效率,同时提高检测系统的判别能力。该研究推进了物联网网络安全,并解决了物联网传感器网络中僵尸网络检测的关键挑战。人工神经网络(ANN)分类器的测试包括三个模型,每个模型都基于与构建训练模型相关的参数。最有效的人工神经网络达到了 86%,适用于异常入侵检测系统(AIDS)。
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引用次数: 0
Machine learning approaches for predicting postpartum hemorrhage: a comprehensive systematic literature review 预测产后出血的机器学习方法:全面系统的文献综述
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp2087-2095
Dewi Pusparani Sinambela, B. Rahmatullah, Noor Hidayah Che Lah, Ahmad Wiraputra Selamat
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) represents a significant threat to maternal health, particularly in developing countries, where it remains a leading cause of maternal mortality. Unfortunately, only 60% of pregnant women at high risk for PPH are identified, leaving 40% undetected until they experience PPH. To address this critical issue and ensure timely intervention, leveraging rapidly advancing technology with machine learning (ML) methodologies for maternal health prediction is imperative. This review synthesizes findings from 43 selected research articles, highlighting the predominant ML techniques employed in PPH prediction. Among these, logistic regression (LR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) emerge as the most frequently utilized methods. By harnessing the power of ML, we aim to foster technological advancements in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on maternal health and ultimately contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality rates worldwide.
产后出血(PPH)是对孕产妇健康的重大威胁,尤其是在发展中国家,它仍然是孕产妇死亡的主要原因。遗憾的是,只有 60% 的 PPH 高危孕妇被发现,还有 40% 的孕妇直到发生 PPH 才被发现。为了解决这一关键问题并确保及时干预,利用快速发展的机器学习(ML)技术进行孕产妇健康预测势在必行。本综述综合了 43 篇精选研究文章的研究结果,重点介绍了在 PPH 预测中采用的主要 ML 技术。其中,逻辑回归(LR)、极梯度提升(XGB)、随机森林(RF)和决策树(DT)是最常用的方法。通过利用 ML 的力量,我们旨在促进医疗保健领域的技术进步,尤其是在孕产妇健康方面,并最终为降低全球孕产妇死亡率做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated electronic system for FET biosensor assessment based on current-voltage curve tracing 基于电流-电压曲线追踪的 FET 生物传感器评估集成电子系统
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1463-1471
Achmad Arif Bryantono, Leonardo Kamajaya, Fitri Fitri, S. Sungkono, Herwandi Herwandi, Agwin Fahmi Fahanani
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are pivotal in diverse applications, from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics. Current-voltage (I-V) curve tracing is a powerful method for evaluating FET biosensor behavior, enabling comprehensive analysis of their FET biosensor characteristics. Traditional I-V curve tracing methods often require complex and expensive equipment, limiting their accessibility and practicality for routine sensor assessment. This study aims to develop and demonstrate an integrated electronic system for assessing FET biosensors using I-V curve tracing. The integrated electronic system uses readily available components, including microcontrollers, analog circuitry, and user-friendly software. We developed a compact, low-cost device that generates I-V curves for the FET biosensor. The integrated electronic system successfully generated I-V curves for various FET biosensors. The system demonstrated consistent, reliable performance, portability, and ease of use, making it a practical solution for routine sensor assessment. The average error in measurements using bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) results in 2.62%, and measurements at different pH levels have a sensitivity of 21.6 mV/pH and a linearity of 0.9892. This innovation contributes to the advancement of FET biosensor technology. In the future, the developments should focus on ensuring their accuracy and reliability in various sensor fields.
从环境监测到医疗诊断,场效应晶体管(FET)生物传感器在各种应用中都起着举足轻重的作用。电流-电压(I-V)曲线追踪是评估场效应晶体管生物传感器行为的有力方法,可对其场效应晶体管生物传感器特性进行全面分析。传统的 I-V 曲线追踪方法通常需要复杂而昂贵的设备,限制了其在常规传感器评估中的可及性和实用性。本研究旨在开发和演示一种集成电子系统,用于利用 I-V 曲线追踪法评估 FET 生物传感器。该集成电子系统使用现成的元件,包括微控制器、模拟电路和用户友好型软件。我们开发了一种结构紧凑、成本低廉的设备,可生成场效应晶体管生物传感器的 I-V 曲线。集成电子系统成功生成了各种场效应晶体管生物传感器的 I-V 曲线。该系统性能稳定可靠,携带方便,易于使用,是常规传感器评估的实用解决方案。使用双极结晶体管(BJT)和金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)进行测量的平均误差为 2.62%,不同 pH 值的测量灵敏度为 21.6 mV/pH,线性度为 0.9892。这一创新有助于推动场效应晶体管生物传感器技术的发展。今后的发展重点应是确保其在各种传感器领域的准确性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
A novel identifiable data sharing mechanism for multiple participants in cloud computing 云计算中多人参与的新型可识别数据共享机制
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1444-1451
Jayalakshmi Karemallaiah, Prabha Revaiah
Recent applications and growth on the internet have generated a lot of popularity and adoption of cloud computing which aims to assure the various computing resources. Data storage is one of the primary resources offered by the cloud; however, considering the multiple users in the particular cloud raises major concerns due to security. Recent researches shown great potential for providing efficient data sharing with multiple users. However, tracing of the data provider is still concerned to be a major issue. Hence, this research work proposes identifiable data sharing for multiple users (IDSMU) mechanism which aims to provide security for multiple users in a particular cloud group. At first, IDSMU creates the general participants (GP)-key for secure access to data. Further, IDSMU creates the trusted participants (TP) based on the reputation which further helps in creating the key generation. A novel signature scheme is used for identifying the participants; IDSMU is evaluated on computation count and efficiency is proved by comparing with an existing model considering computation count.
云计算旨在确保各种计算资源的安全。数据存储是云计算提供的主要资源之一;然而,考虑到特定云计算中的多个用户,安全问题引起了人们的极大关注。最近的研究表明,为多用户提供高效数据共享具有巨大潜力。然而,数据提供者的追踪仍是一个主要问题。因此,本研究工作提出了多用户可识别数据共享(IDSMU)机制,旨在为特定云组中的多用户提供安全保障。首先,IDSMU 创建一般参与者(GP)密钥,用于安全访问数据。此外,IDSMU 还会根据信誉创建可信参与者(TP),从而进一步帮助生成密钥。IDSMU 采用了一种新颖的签名方案来识别参与者;IDSMU 在计算量上进行了评估,并通过与考虑计算量的现有模型进行比较,证明了其效率。
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引用次数: 0
Blockchain technology integration in service migration to 6G communication networks: a comprehensive review 区块链技术融入向 6G 通信网络的服务迁移:综合评述
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1654-1664
Ahmed Al-Ansi, Abdullah M. Al-Ansi, A. Muthanna, A. Koucheryavy
The next generation of wireless networks, 6G is being designed with data-intensive applications. One of the key technologies that will enable 6G is blockchain technology. The emergence of blockchain technology and 6G networks has revolutionized service migration. Service migration in 6G networks is a complex process that requires the integration of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), edge computing, and network slicing. Motivated by these facts, this comprehensive review includes an overview of blockchain and service migration integration in 6G. First, state of art, development frame work and related works were introduced. Then, we used content analysis by WordStat software and bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer to analysis the current status of service migration and blockchain integration in 6G networks. Next, patterns and characteristics, benefits and challenges and potential cases were reviewed. Then, we proposed an architectural blockchain-based model including decentralized architecture, edge computing, network slicing, software-defined networking, and 5G-6G interworking in 6G. Finally, we described potential application service migration-based in 6G networks including digital twin (DT), holograms, robot avatar, high density internet of things (IoT), AR and VR in 6G and collected open research and future directions of service migration and blockchain.
作为下一代无线网络,6G 在设计时考虑到了数据密集型应用。区块链技术是实现 6G 的关键技术之一。区块链技术和 6G 网络的出现彻底改变了服务迁移。6G 网络中的服务迁移是一个复杂的过程,需要整合人工智能(AI)、边缘计算和网络切片等新技术。基于这些事实,本综述概述了区块链与 6G 中服务迁移的整合。首先,介绍了技术现状、发展框架和相关作品。然后,我们利用 WordStat 软件的内容分析和 VOSviewer 的文献分析,分析了 6G 网络中服务迁移和区块链整合的现状。接着,回顾了模式与特征、优势与挑战以及潜在案例。然后,我们提出了一个基于区块链的架构模型,包括 6G 中的去中心化架构、边缘计算、网络切片、软件定义网络和 5G-6G 互通。最后,我们介绍了 6G 网络中基于迁移的潜在应用服务,包括 6G 中的数字孪生(DT)、全息图、机器人头像、高密度物联网(IoT)、AR 和 VR,并收集了服务迁移和区块链的开放研究和未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
Bayesian decision model based reliable route formation in internet of things 基于贝叶斯决策模型的物联网可靠路由形成
Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i3.pp1665-1673
Mohanavel Jothish Kumar, Suman Mishra, E. G. Reddy, M. Rajmohan, Subbiah Murugan, Narayanasamy Aswin Vignesh
Security provisioning has become an important issue in wireless multimedia networks because of their crucial task of supporting several services. This paper presents Bayesian decision model based reliable route formation in internet of things (BDMI). The main objective of the BDMI approach is to distinguish unreliable sensor nodes and transmit the data efficiently. Active and passive attack recognition methods identify unreliable node sensor nodes. Remaining energy, node degree, and packet transmission rate parameters to observe their node possibilities for recognizing the passive unreliable nodes. In active recognition, the base station (BS) confirms every sensor node identity, remaining energy, supportive node rate, node location, and link efficiency parameters to detect active unreliable sensor nodes. The Bayesian decision model (BDM) efficiently isolates an unreliable sensor node in the multimedia network. Simulation outcomes illustrate that the BDMI approach can efficiently enhance unreliable node detection and minimize the packet loss ratio in the network.
由于无线多媒体网络承担着支持多种服务的重要任务,因此安全配置已成为无线多媒体网络中的一个重要问题。本文介绍了基于贝叶斯决策模型的物联网可靠路由形成(BDMI)。BDMI 方法的主要目标是区分不可靠的传感器节点并有效地传输数据。主动和被动攻击识别方法可识别不可靠节点传感器节点。通过剩余能量、节点度和数据包传输速率参数来观察其节点的可能性,从而识别被动不可靠节点。在主动识别中,基站(BS)确认每个传感器节点的身份、剩余能量、支持节点率、节点位置和链路效率参数,以检测主动不可靠传感器节点。贝叶斯决策模型(BDM)能有效隔离多媒体网络中的不可靠传感器节点。仿真结果表明,贝叶斯决策模型方法能有效增强不可靠节点检测能力,并将网络中的数据包丢失率降到最低。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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