Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding reporting adverse events due to medical devices among healthcare workers in our hospital.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and questionnaire (KAP) study was conducted among healthcare professionals working in the various departments of our hospital. Healthcare professionals from different specialties who volunteered to participate in the study were enrolled. A total of 15 questions were included: 8 based on knowledge (7 scored), 2 on attitude, and 5 on practice. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel® worksheet, Chi-square, and unpaired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 370 responses were received. The knowledge of healthcare workers was found to be 73.57%. The mean score (out of 7) for doctors and paramedical staff was 5.78 ± 1.21 and 3.76 ± 1.50, respectively, indicating a wide knowledge gap between them (P < 0.05). Most healthcare workers (63%) reported witnessing fewer than 5 MDAEs. The majority (37.30%) mentioned that the cause of underreporting was a lack of knowledge. Out of all healthcare workers, 85.13% responded positively and are willing to report MDAEs in future, and most of them considered it important to report MDAEs.

Conclusion: Despite healthcare professionals having adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward reporting, very poor reporting of MDAEs is observed. Lack of knowledge is a significant barrier leading to underreporting, and a substantial knowledge gap among healthcare professionals is evident.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) nebulization to control bleeding in hemoptysis.

Materials and methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 27 participants with hemoptysis received nebulization with TXA (500 mg/5 mL, q 8 hourly for 2 days), and 29 participants with hemoptysis received nebulization with 0.9% normal saline (5 mL, q 8 hourly for 2 days) along with the standard therapy and followed up for 8 weeks.

Results: The mean percentage decrease in the frequency (63.9% vs. 39.8%, P = 0.012) and quantity (73.4% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.024) of hemoptysis was significantly higher in the TXA group compared to the control group at day 1 but was insignificant at day 2. However, after excluding participants who underwent intervention (N = 11), the improvement in frequency (76.2% vs. 50.3%, P = 0.049) and quantity (85.2% vs. 58.6%, P = 0.021) of hemoptysis was significantly better in the TXA group even at day 2. Out of 56 participants, 24 participants achieved resolution of hemoptysis, which was also significantly (P = 0.003) better in the TXA group (63.0%) compared to the control group (24.1%). No serious adverse drug reaction was observed. Minor cough (37.5%) and throat irritation (33.9%) were observed, which were comparable (P = 0.432) between the groups.

Conclusion: TXA nebulization, an alternative route of administration, was found to be safe. Prompt nebulization with TXA was effective as bridging therapy in hemoptysis to achieve the immediate goal of bleeding control before definitive intervention planned or performed. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate this novel approach of TXA nebulization. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov PRS ID: NCT05648656.

Objective: The objective is to induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats by oleic acid and evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against ARDS.

Background: ARDS is an acute, severe inflammatory lung injury. Clinically used anti-inflammatory medication and corticosteroids have side effects, infection risk, and increased treatment costs. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea is a flavonoid possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Intravenous injection of pure oleic acid causes respiratory distress in diverse animal species, leading to inflammation in the lungs. Hence, we used oleic acid to induce ARDS in rats to assess the prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of EGCG against ARDS.

Materials and methods: A total of four groups were formed, with five animals allocated to each group. The control group (G1) was administered with normal saline 0.2 ml/kg, twice at an interval of 1 h, ARDS group (G2) with oleic acid 0.2 ml/kg intravenously, twice at 1-h interval. The prophylactic group (G3) was administered with EGCG 10 mg/kg i.p. 1 h before the administration of oleic acid, whereas therapeutic group (G4) was administered with same dose of EGCG but, 1 h after the administration of oleic acid.

Results: Assessment of animal body and lungs weight, gross macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of lungs did not produce any significant treatment-related changes when compared with the control group. However, a substantial decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels was observed in G3 and G4 when compared to the G2 group.

Conclusions: EGCG has both prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness against ARDS.

Purpose: Early and effective treatment of acute herpes zoster (AHZ) can relief the pain and prevent the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block for patients with AHZ neuralgia.

Materials and methods: Seventy-four patients suffering from acute thoracic herpes zoster neuralgia were divided into two equal groups in a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled manner. All patients received paravertebral nerve block under ultrasound guidance with different drugs: Group I: 0.2% ropivacaine with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine; Group II: 0.2% ropivacaine, all drugs were diluted with normal saline to a total of 20 ml. The patients' Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were used for assessing pain level while the quality of sleep (QS) scores were used for assessing sleep levels 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the treatment, as well as the pregabalin consumption. Time to pain resolution and skin eruption, total times of block, complications within 24 h after block, and the incidence of persistent PHN at 3 and 6 months were analyzed.

Results: There were no significant differences in the VAS scores between the two groups at various time points (P > 0.05). At the time point 1, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment, the QS scores in Group I were significantly lower than that in Group II (P < 0.05). The pregabalin consumption and the incidence of PHN between the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The total times of block in Group I were significantly less than Group II.

Conclusion: Both interventions provided similar efficacy in minimizing the pain intensity and reducing the incidence of PHN in AHZ patients. Compared with ropivacaine only, the addition of dexmedetomidine significantly improved patients' sleep quality and reduced the times of block.

Abstract: Sudden excessive hair loss poses a diagnostic challenge when encountered in an otherwise healthy individual. We present a case study of a middle-aged female who presented with unexplained and sudden hair loss. After initial consideration of common causes of sudden hair loss, a dispensing error involving azathioprine was identified as the underlying cause. This case underscores the need for further research to elucidate the specific pathways through which azathioprine induces selective damage to the dermal papillae of the hair follicle. This case also emphasizes the importance of meticulous medication management and pharmacovigilance in clinical practice.

Abstract: This review article is based upon the findings of the role of different biomarkers in the progression of the diseases. These findings were from past studies and meta-analysis of the biomarker in cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). It mainly focuses on the organ crosstalk of diseases because of different biomarkers such as proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. In this reviewing process, we analyzed some biomarkers responsible for various cardiovascular and CKDs, out of which we found few biomarkers which are responsible for indication and diagnosis of disease relating to both the systems. It was found that the MiR-21, a type of genomic biomarker C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, types of proteomics biomarkers has shown role in the prediction of diseases. As well as we also reviewed research work from the past to analyze the relation between the disease and its clinical outcomes using machine learning, which can be used to create few models to predict the clinical outcomes. Out of all the algorithms used, they showing most promising results was XGBoost method. In the past, there were studies supporting the statement - algorithms created by the scientists gives variables relating to the disease. These variables can be used to predict the disease based on the levels of biomarkers present in the sample of the patients.