{"title":"LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Illustrations]","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117326588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SYSTEM","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132655216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After years of visiting and photographing my favorite beaches on Long Island, I have collected numerous images of this unique environment during many different times of the day and seasons of the year. Before creating the digital drawings in Photoshop, I look through all of my photographs and choose ones that I think will be the most interesting to work on. I look for features like an abundance of rocks, trees, and sea grass, waves and ripples in the water, colorful skies and various types of clouds.
{"title":"DRIFT","authors":"L. Vivolo","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.7","url":null,"abstract":"After years of visiting and photographing my favorite beaches on Long Island, I have collected numerous images of this unique environment during many different times of the day and seasons of the year. Before creating the digital drawings in Photoshop, I look through all of my photographs and choose ones that I think will be the most interesting to work on. I look for features like an abundance of rocks, trees, and sea grass, waves and ripples in the water, colorful skies and various types of clouds.","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132183621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128739080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220n90.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133084398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.5040/9781474293761.0188
B. Pun, J. Louis, P. Pai
Data from the 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/ Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (SJVAQS/AUSPEX) field program in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) suggest that both urban and rural areas would have difficulty meeting an 8-hr average O3 standard of 80 ppb. A conceptual model of O3 formation and accumulation in the SJV is formulated based on the chemical, meteorological, and tracer data from SJVAQS/ AUSPEX. Two major phenomena appear to lead to high O3 concentrations in the SJV: (1) transport of O3 and precursors from upwind areas (primarily the San Francisco Bay Area, but also the Sacramento Valley) into the SJV, affecting the northern part of the valley, and (2) emissions of precursors, mixing, transport (including longrange transport), and atmospheric reactions within the SJV responsible for regional and urban-scale (e.g., downwind of Fresno and Bakersfield) distributions of O3. Using IMPLICATIONS The development of State Implementation Plans to address the O3 air quality standard will require meteorological and air quality models that provide accurate representations of the relevant atmospheric processes over regional scales. The California SJV is an appropriate test bed for evaluating state-of-the-science models, because of its variety of chemical and meteorological regimes and the availability of data to execute and test models. A conceptual model of O3 formation in the SJV was developed and used to critically assess the suitability of meteorological and air quality models. Specific recommendations are provided to improve existing models, thereby increasing the level of confidence in the use of model predictions of O3 and precursors to develop cost-effective emission control strategies. this conceptual model, we then conduct a critical evaluation of the meteorological model and air quality model. Areas of model improvements and data needed to understand and properly simulate O3 formation in the SJV are highlighted. INTRODUCTION Summertime O3 air pollution is a serious problem in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV). The 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study (SJVAQS) and the Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (AUSPEX) were two components of a comprehensive study to address this issue.1 The comprehensive study involved (1) a large-scale air quality measurement program, (2) analyses of the causes of poor O3 air quality, and (3) the development and application of a regional-scale air quality modeling system (SJVAQS/AUSPEX Regional Model Adaptation Project, or SARMAP). The field program was conducted during an eight-week period from July 9, 1990, to August 24, 1990. Fourteen intensive days were selected, which corresponded to high O3 episodes, for detailed measurements. Figure 1 depicts the SJVAQS/AUSPEX domain.1 Time series of the daily maximum 1-hr and 8-hr average O3 concentrations are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.2 At urban sites, the 8-hr average concentrations
来自1990年圣华金谷空气质量研究/大气效用特征、预测和实验(SJVAQS/AUSPEX)在加州圣华金谷(SJV)实地项目的数据表明，城市和农村地区都很难达到8小时平均80ppb的臭氧标准。基于SJVAQS/ AUSPEX的化学、气象和示踪数据，建立了SJV中O3形成和聚集的概念模型。两种主要现象似乎导致了SJV中臭氧的高浓度:(1)来自逆风地区(主要是旧金山湾区，但也包括萨克拉门托山谷)的臭氧和前体输送到SJV，影响了SJV的北部地区;(2)SJV内的前体排放、混合、输送(包括远程输送)和大气反应导致了区域和城市尺度(如弗雷斯诺和贝克尔斯菲尔德的下风)臭氧的分布。制定国家实施计划以解决O3空气质量标准将需要气象和空气质量模型，这些模型能够在区域尺度上提供相关大气过程的准确表示。加州SJV是评估最先进的科学模型的合适测试平台，因为它具有多种化学和气象制度，并且可以获得执行和测试模型的数据。开发了SJV中O3形成的概念模型，并用于严格评估气象和空气质量模型的适用性。提出了改进现有模式的具体建议，从而提高对利用臭氧和前体模式预测制定成本效益高的排放控制战略的信心。在这个概念模型中，我们对气象模型和空气质量模型进行了关键的评估。强调了模型改进的领域和理解和正确模拟SJV中的O3地层所需的数据。夏季臭氧空气污染是加州圣华金河谷(SJV)的一个严重问题。1990年圣华金河谷空气质量研究(SJVAQS)和大气效用特征、预测和实验(AUSPEX)是解决这一问题的综合研究的两个组成部分这项综合研究包括:(1)大规模的空气质量测量计划，(2)分析臭氧空气质量差的原因，(3)开发和应用区域尺度的空气质量模拟系统(SJVAQS/AUSPEX区域模式适应项目，或SARMAP)。该实地方案于1990年7月9日至1990年8月24日进行，为期8周。选取O3浓度高的14天进行详细测量。图1描述了SJVAQS/AUSPEX域每日最大1小时和8小时平均臭氧浓度的时间序列分别如图2和图3所示在城市站点，当臭氧浓度高于100 ppb时，8小时的平均浓度可能比1小时的最大值低20至30 ppb(例如在弗雷斯诺)。另一方面，在红杉国家公园(Sequoia National Park)等农村地区，每天8小时最大的臭氧浓度往往与每天1小时最大浓度相似(差异小于10 ppb)。因此，虽然城市地区超过国家环境空气质量标准(NAAQS) 1小时平均120 ppb，但城市和农村地区可能超过8小时平均80 ppb的NAAQS。
{"title":"PUN","authors":"B. Pun, J. Louis, P. Pai","doi":"10.5040/9781474293761.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474293761.0188","url":null,"abstract":"Data from the 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/ Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (SJVAQS/AUSPEX) field program in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) suggest that both urban and rural areas would have difficulty meeting an 8-hr average O3 standard of 80 ppb. A conceptual model of O3 formation and accumulation in the SJV is formulated based on the chemical, meteorological, and tracer data from SJVAQS/ AUSPEX. Two major phenomena appear to lead to high O3 concentrations in the SJV: (1) transport of O3 and precursors from upwind areas (primarily the San Francisco Bay Area, but also the Sacramento Valley) into the SJV, affecting the northern part of the valley, and (2) emissions of precursors, mixing, transport (including longrange transport), and atmospheric reactions within the SJV responsible for regional and urban-scale (e.g., downwind of Fresno and Bakersfield) distributions of O3. Using IMPLICATIONS The development of State Implementation Plans to address the O3 air quality standard will require meteorological and air quality models that provide accurate representations of the relevant atmospheric processes over regional scales. The California SJV is an appropriate test bed for evaluating state-of-the-science models, because of its variety of chemical and meteorological regimes and the availability of data to execute and test models. A conceptual model of O3 formation in the SJV was developed and used to critically assess the suitability of meteorological and air quality models. Specific recommendations are provided to improve existing models, thereby increasing the level of confidence in the use of model predictions of O3 and precursors to develop cost-effective emission control strategies. this conceptual model, we then conduct a critical evaluation of the meteorological model and air quality model. Areas of model improvements and data needed to understand and properly simulate O3 formation in the SJV are highlighted. INTRODUCTION Summertime O3 air pollution is a serious problem in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV). The 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study (SJVAQS) and the Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (AUSPEX) were two components of a comprehensive study to address this issue.1 The comprehensive study involved (1) a large-scale air quality measurement program, (2) analyses of the causes of poor O3 air quality, and (3) the development and application of a regional-scale air quality modeling system (SJVAQS/AUSPEX Regional Model Adaptation Project, or SARMAP). The field program was conducted during an eight-week period from July 9, 1990, to August 24, 1990. Fourteen intensive days were selected, which corresponded to high O3 episodes, for detailed measurements. Figure 1 depicts the SJVAQS/AUSPEX domain.1 Time series of the daily maximum 1-hr and 8-hr average O3 concentrations are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.2 At urban sites, the 8-hr average concentrations","PeriodicalId":135581,"journal":{"name":"Surrealism at Play","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132214293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1215/9781478003434-009
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