{"title":"Oteseconazole in the Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis","authors":"J. Sobel","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promising Antibody Combination Therapy for COVID-19 Treatment: An Alternative to Vaccination in Individuals with Poor Vaccine Immune Response","authors":"H. Montgomery","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RECOVERY Trial Data on Baricitinib in Patients Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019","authors":"A. Ustianowski","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skeletal involvement is a frequent site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, but an isolated disease of the ribs is rare. This case report studied an adult immunocompetent male patient who presented with constitutional symptoms, pain and point tenderness in two ribs. The diagnosis of rib tuberculosis was delayed due to earlier providers not recognizing the condition. Routine chest X-rays performed in the early stages of the disease did not reveal abnormalities, but computed tomography did. The patient had lytic rib lesions and a swelling of the chest wall soft tissue consistent with a cold abscess. Specifically, the scan was significant for the absence of involvement of the lung, pleura, spine and mediastinal lymph nodes. While routine smears and cultures were negative, a polymerase chain reaction test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis performed on a sample of aspirate from the swelling confirmed the diagnosis. The patient responded to anti-tuberculous drug therapy, made a complete recovery without complications or the need for surgery and has now been disease free for 16 years. The patient had no concomitant pulmonary disease and was not immunocompromised. The timely intervention could prevent complications. This case report reviews literature and recent research on rib tuberculosis. If these research findings are replicated in larger studies, it will pave the way for more effective management of this rare condition.
{"title":"Isolated Tuberculosis of the Ribs in an Immunocompetent Adult","authors":"V. Rajkumar","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal involvement is a frequent site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, but an isolated disease of the ribs is rare. This case report studied an adult immunocompetent male patient who presented with constitutional symptoms, pain and point tenderness in two ribs. The diagnosis of rib tuberculosis was delayed due to earlier providers not recognizing the condition. Routine chest X-rays performed in the early stages of the disease did not reveal abnormalities, but computed tomography did. The patient had lytic rib lesions and a swelling of the chest wall soft tissue consistent with a cold abscess. Specifically, the scan was significant for the absence of involvement of the lung, pleura, spine and mediastinal lymph nodes. While routine smears and cultures were negative, a polymerase chain reaction test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis performed on a sample of aspirate from the swelling confirmed the diagnosis. The patient responded to anti-tuberculous drug therapy, made a complete recovery without complications or the need for surgery and has now been disease free for 16 years. The patient had no concomitant pulmonary disease and was not immunocompromised. The timely intervention could prevent complications. This case report reviews literature and recent research on rib tuberculosis. If these research findings are replicated in larger studies, it will pave the way for more effective management of this rare condition.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an essential component in ending the HIV pandemic. Unfortunately, PrEP uptake has not been optimal to date. This is due to various reasons, one of which is adherence. Long-acting injectables may help to overcome this barrier. This brief review discusses the long-acting injectables currently in use for PrEP (cabotegravir) and HIV treatment (cabotegravir and lenacapavir), as well as those currently undergoing clinical trials. Other promising agents are being studied, including islatravir and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, agents currently used for HIV treatment will likely be evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for their use as PrEP agents.
{"title":"HIV Prevention Utilizing Long-acting Injectables","authors":"E. Egelund, J. Huston","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an essential component in ending the HIV pandemic. Unfortunately, PrEP uptake has not been optimal to date. This is due to various reasons, one of which is adherence. Long-acting injectables may help to overcome this barrier. This brief review discusses the long-acting injectables currently in use for PrEP (cabotegravir) and HIV treatment (cabotegravir and lenacapavir), as well as those currently undergoing clinical trials. Other promising agents are being studied, including islatravir and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, agents currently used for HIV treatment will likely be evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for their use as PrEP agents.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/11786337211055437
Aleka Aemiro, Sisay Menkir, Dires Tegen, Gedam Tola
Background: A Soil-transmitted helminthic infection (STHIs) remains a notable health problem in resource-limited countries. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles written in English were searched from online public databases. Searching terms taken separately and jointly were “prevalence,” “soil-transmitted helminths” “nematode,” “Geo-helminths,” “roundworm,” “Necator,” “Ancylostoma,” “Ascaris,” “Trichuris,” “hookworm,” “whipworm,” “S. strecoralies,” “associated factors,” and “Ethiopia.” We used STATA version 14 for meta-analysis and Cochran’s Q test statistics and the I2 test for heterogeneity. Result: From 297 reviewed articles 41 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia was 36.78% Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest pooled prevalence 17.63%, followed by hook worm12.35%. Trichuris trichiura 7.24% when the prevalence of S. strecoralies was 2.16% (95% CI: 0.97-3.35). Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits and open defecation were identified as risk factors for STH infection. Eating unwashed and uncooked fruit and vegetables increased the risk of STH infection by 1.88 times while untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits increase the risk of STH infection by 1.28 and 3.16 times respectively with 95% CI. Limitation: Lack of published studies from Afar, Gambela, Somali, and Benshangul gumuz regions may affect the true picture. The other limitation is that the search strategy will be restricted articles published only in the English language but there might be articles that published using another language. Conclusion: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Trichuris trichiura, are the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminthes infections in Ethiopia. Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits Open defecation untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits significantly associated with STH infection. When eating unwashed, uncooked fruit and vegetables were not significantly associated with STH infection. Strategic use of anti-helminthic, health education, and adequate sanitation, taking into account this epidemiologic information is helpful in the control of STH infections in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthes and Associated Risk Factors Among People of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Aleka Aemiro, Sisay Menkir, Dires Tegen, Gedam Tola","doi":"10.1177/11786337211055437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786337211055437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A Soil-transmitted helminthic infection (STHIs) remains a notable health problem in resource-limited countries. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles written in English were searched from online public databases. Searching terms taken separately and jointly were “prevalence,” “soil-transmitted helminths” “nematode,” “Geo-helminths,” “roundworm,” “Necator,” “Ancylostoma,” “Ascaris,” “Trichuris,” “hookworm,” “whipworm,” “S. strecoralies,” “associated factors,” and “Ethiopia.” We used STATA version 14 for meta-analysis and Cochran’s Q test statistics and the I2 test for heterogeneity. Result: From 297 reviewed articles 41 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia was 36.78% Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest pooled prevalence 17.63%, followed by hook worm12.35%. Trichuris trichiura 7.24% when the prevalence of S. strecoralies was 2.16% (95% CI: 0.97-3.35). Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits and open defecation were identified as risk factors for STH infection. Eating unwashed and uncooked fruit and vegetables increased the risk of STH infection by 1.88 times while untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits increase the risk of STH infection by 1.28 and 3.16 times respectively with 95% CI. Limitation: Lack of published studies from Afar, Gambela, Somali, and Benshangul gumuz regions may affect the true picture. The other limitation is that the search strategy will be restricted articles published only in the English language but there might be articles that published using another language. Conclusion: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Trichuris trichiura, are the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminthes infections in Ethiopia. Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits Open defecation untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits significantly associated with STH infection. When eating unwashed, uncooked fruit and vegetables were not significantly associated with STH infection. Strategic use of anti-helminthic, health education, and adequate sanitation, taking into account this epidemiologic information is helpful in the control of STH infections in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter from the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"Amesika N. Nyaku","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100822
{"title":"Tick-Borne Diseases - A Review and an Update of Knowledge on Infections in Human and Animal Population [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71001790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95134
{"title":"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.95134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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