Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0017
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter examines the prohibition of torture and similar forms of punishment by international human rights law. Regional and international human rights bodies have developed specific instruments and monitoring systems designed to combat such practices. The chapter argues that exhaustive definitions of the components of the prohibition on torture would not help in abolishing the practice; there is a real risk that such a list would encourage ever more innovative and horrific examples of inhumanity.
{"title":"17. Freedom from torture; cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the prohibition of torture and similar forms of punishment by international human rights law. Regional and international human rights bodies have developed specific instruments and monitoring systems designed to combat such practices. The chapter argues that exhaustive definitions of the components of the prohibition on torture would not help in abolishing the practice; there is a real risk that such a list would encourage ever more innovative and horrific examples of inhumanity.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81948799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0010
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter discusses the reality of human rights protection within States. It addresses the limitations of various rights and the extent to which States can deviate from responsibility in terms of international human rights law. It covers issues such as State discretion in selecting and applying rights, particularly through derogations, reservations, declarations, and denunciations. These are issues which impact on almost all human rights and almost all States in some way.
{"title":"10. Substantive rights—general comments","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the reality of human rights protection within States. It addresses the limitations of various rights and the extent to which States can deviate from responsibility in terms of international human rights law. It covers issues such as State discretion in selecting and applying rights, particularly through derogations, reservations, declarations, and denunciations. These are issues which impact on almost all human rights and almost all States in some way.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79962366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0021
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter discusses the right to education and human rights education in international human rights law. It covers access to education, the nature of education, academic freedom, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to education, achieving universal education on human rights, teaching non-discrimination, and the United Nations Decade of Human Rights Education.
{"title":"21. The right to education and human rights education","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the right to education and human rights education in international human rights law. It covers access to education, the nature of education, academic freedom, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to education, achieving universal education on human rights, teaching non-discrimination, and the United Nations Decade of Human Rights Education.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77958260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0001
Rhona K. M. Smith
This introductory chapter introduces the book, which is on modern international human rights law. It also introduces key concepts in public international law to ensure those not familiar with that discipline understand sufficiently the relevant concepts in order to work successfully with international human rights. This chapter also outlines the structure of the book.
{"title":"1. Introduction","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter introduces the book, which is on modern international human rights law. It also introduces key concepts in public international law to ensure those not familiar with that discipline understand sufficiently the relevant concepts in order to work successfully with international human rights. This chapter also outlines the structure of the book.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89697356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0020
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter examines freedom of expression in international human rights law. It discusses the freedom of the press and media; overlap with other rights (correspondence, privacy, and association); and exceptions to freedom of expression. The chapter concludes that the scope of the freedom of expression is still evolving and that international bodies are struggling with the challenges of the information technology age.
{"title":"20. Freedom of expression","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines freedom of expression in international human rights law. It discusses the freedom of the press and media; overlap with other rights (correspondence, privacy, and association); and exceptions to freedom of expression. The chapter concludes that the scope of the freedom of expression is still evolving and that international bodies are struggling with the challenges of the information technology age.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88614674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0009
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter examines the monitoring, implementation, and enforcement mechanisms of the United Nations, and discusses the reports system, the inter-State complaints system, and the individual complaints system. It describes the use of rapporteurs and special investigators; ancillary bodies; and some of the problems of the international human rights system.
{"title":"9. Monitoring, implementing, and enforcing human rights","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the monitoring, implementation, and enforcement mechanisms of the United Nations, and discusses the reports system, the inter-State complaints system, and the individual complaints system. It describes the use of rapporteurs and special investigators; ancillary bodies; and some of the problems of the international human rights system.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80811274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0007
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter traces the development of human rights protection in the Americas. It discusses the declarations, conventions, and the institutional framework of the Organization of American States tasked with ensuring the compliance of States with the provisions of the American Convention.
{"title":"7. The Americas","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the development of human rights protection in the Americas. It discusses the declarations, conventions, and the institutional framework of the Organization of American States tasked with ensuring the compliance of States with the provisions of the American Convention.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78892896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0008
Rhona K. M. Smith
This chapter examines the role of the African Union, formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), in the development of African jurisprudence on human rights. It provides a brief historical background on the African Union and the Charter provisions. The chapter traces the development of human rights protection in Africa; describes the monitoring and enforcement of human rights law; highlights the impact of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on human rights in Africa; and explains how States may be held accountable for infringements of rights and freedoms.
{"title":"8. Africa","authors":"Rhona K. M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of the African Union, formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), in the development of African jurisprudence on human rights. It provides a brief historical background on the African Union and the Charter provisions. The chapter traces the development of human rights protection in Africa; describes the monitoring and enforcement of human rights law; highlights the impact of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on human rights in Africa; and explains how States may be held accountable for infringements of rights and freedoms.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82619854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1163/22131035-00802006
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/22131035-00802006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00802006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22131035-00802006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46123210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1163/22131035-00802001
C. Bicknell
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) declares a single standard of proof (‘SoP’): proof beyond reasonable doubt (‘brd’). Yet the accuracy of this claim and the threshold’s appropriateness have both been challenged. This article uniquely considers and clarifies the Court’s interpretation and application of its SoP. Demonstrating SoP is capable of both broad and narrow interpretations, it shows the Court interprets SoP only narrowly. This understanding confirms brd as the applicable standard, whose use is then considered through detailed examination of the case law. The analysis shows that although the Court’s conception and approach to brd necessarily accommodate some doubt, violations are found with a consistently high level of certainty. There is however, a striking inconsistency in references made to the Rules of Court. Moreover, the Rules do not fully capture the Court’s approach. Addressing this, as the article proposes, would strengthen both the consistency and legitimacy of relevant decisions.
{"title":"Uncertain Certainty?: Making Sense of the European Court of Human Rights’ Standard of Proof","authors":"C. Bicknell","doi":"10.1163/22131035-00802001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00802001","url":null,"abstract":"The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) declares a single standard of proof (‘SoP’): proof beyond reasonable doubt (‘brd’). Yet the accuracy of this claim and the threshold’s appropriateness have both been challenged. This article uniquely considers and clarifies the Court’s interpretation and application of its SoP. Demonstrating SoP is capable of both broad and narrow interpretations, it shows the Court interprets SoP only narrowly. This understanding confirms brd as the applicable standard, whose use is then considered through detailed examination of the case law. The analysis shows that although the Court’s conception and approach to brd necessarily accommodate some doubt, violations are found with a consistently high level of certainty. There is however, a striking inconsistency in references made to the Rules of Court. Moreover, the Rules do not fully capture the Court’s approach. Addressing this, as the article proposes, would strengthen both the consistency and legitimacy of relevant decisions.","PeriodicalId":13730,"journal":{"name":"International Human Rights Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22131035-00802001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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