{"title":"“Sister, Guard Your Hijab”","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115848675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glossary of Persian, Arabic, and Hebrew Terms","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nightly Calls of “Allahu-akbar”","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"688 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121987770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First of all, let me explain why we are now writing about Sterzi. Approximately two years ago I (A.R.) received a message from Prof. Colin Wendell Smith, the secretary of the FCAT, who happens to live in the antipodal (for me) island of Tasmania, asking me if I could find him the article on subcutaneous tissue written by an Italian professor named Sterzi. This article had been mentioned by Prof. DiDio during one FCAT meeting and Prof. Wendell Smith had already unsuccessfully tried to obtain it via the usual library system. Since I was aware that Sterzi had been one of my predecessors in the Anatomy Chair in Cagliari, it was easy for me to send a copy of the article to Prof. Wendell Smith, who was surprised to hear that Sterzi had been working in the antipodal (for him) island of Sardinia and so was indirectly associated with me. In order to provide him with an English summary, I had to read the 172page article myself. I was greatly impressed by the rigorous discussion of previous reports and by the amount of new findings obtained also through a comparative anatomical/embryological approach. Prompted by this, we became interested in Sterzi’s life and scientific achievements, being manifest that the studies on the subcutaneous tissue and some others such as that on the endolymphatic sac, though important and superbly carried out, had been just a parenthesis in his production devoted almost exclusively to neuroanatomy and the history of anatomy. Favaro (1921) maintains, in fact, that Sterzi made them mainly to show his critics that his production was not monothematic.
{"title":"HISTORICAL NOTE","authors":"Historian, A. Riva, B. Orrù, F. Riva","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.5","url":null,"abstract":"First of all, let me explain why we are now writing about Sterzi. Approximately two years ago I (A.R.) received a message from Prof. Colin Wendell Smith, the secretary of the FCAT, who happens to live in the antipodal (for me) island of Tasmania, asking me if I could find him the article on subcutaneous tissue written by an Italian professor named Sterzi. This article had been mentioned by Prof. DiDio during one FCAT meeting and Prof. Wendell Smith had already unsuccessfully tried to obtain it via the usual library system. Since I was aware that Sterzi had been one of my predecessors in the Anatomy Chair in Cagliari, it was easy for me to send a copy of the article to Prof. Wendell Smith, who was surprised to hear that Sterzi had been working in the antipodal (for him) island of Sardinia and so was indirectly associated with me. In order to provide him with an English summary, I had to read the 172page article myself. I was greatly impressed by the rigorous discussion of previous reports and by the amount of new findings obtained also through a comparative anatomical/embryological approach. Prompted by this, we became interested in Sterzi’s life and scientific achievements, being manifest that the studies on the subcutaneous tissue and some others such as that on the endolymphatic sac, though important and superbly carried out, had been just a parenthesis in his production devoted almost exclusively to neuroanatomy and the history of anatomy. Favaro (1921) maintains, in fact, that Sterzi made them mainly to show his critics that his production was not monothematic.","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121026196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomofumi Horie, Motohiko Kato, A. Nakayama, Kayoko Kimura, S. Fukuhara, K. Takabayashi, N. Hosoe, N. Yahagi, H. Ogata, Y. Iwao, T. Kanai
Currently, it exists a study increase related to the external load assessment through inertial devices in invasion team sports. The monitoring is has been performing in one anatomical location depending of the manufacturer recommendations. The challenge arises when the single location measurement does not detect the total load of the body and a multi-location assessment is required to accurately evaluate the athlete’s body workload. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to design and validate a field-test battery for external multi-location workload assessment in the most common displacements in invasion team sports. Five tests composed the battery that evaluate the following capacities/abilities: (a) aerobic, linear displacement; (b) lactic anaerobic capacity, acceleration and deceleration, (c) non-lactic anaerobic capacity, curvilinear displacement (d) elastic capacity, jump, (e) conditional physical capacity, small-sided games. Therefore, using this group of tests will provide the team staff with a global overview and an individualized multi-location workload profile of the athlete.
{"title":"Invasion","authors":"Tomofumi Horie, Motohiko Kato, A. Nakayama, Kayoko Kimura, S. Fukuhara, K. Takabayashi, N. Hosoe, N. Yahagi, H. Ogata, Y. Iwao, T. Kanai","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.22","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, it exists a study increase related to the external load assessment through inertial devices in invasion team sports. The monitoring is has been performing in one anatomical location depending of the manufacturer recommendations. The challenge arises when the single location measurement does not detect the total load of the body and a multi-location assessment is required to accurately evaluate the athlete’s body workload. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to design and validate a field-test battery for external multi-location workload assessment in the most common displacements in invasion team sports. Five tests composed the battery that evaluate the following capacities/abilities: (a) aerobic, linear displacement; (b) lactic anaerobic capacity, acceleration and deceleration, (c) non-lactic anaerobic capacity, curvilinear displacement (d) elastic capacity, jump, (e) conditional physical capacity, small-sided games. Therefore, using this group of tests will provide the team staff with a global overview and an individualized multi-location workload profile of the athlete.","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130466521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts sets expectations, or standards, for what every student will know and be able to do in school. This guide is designed to help you understand those standards and partner with teachers to support your child’s learning during first grade. If you have questions about this information or your child needs extra help, please talk to your child’s teacher. ¡Bienvenido a PRIMER GRADO!
{"title":"Welcome to First Grade","authors":"Alyssa Kwiatek","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.31","url":null,"abstract":"The Commonwealth of Massachusetts sets expectations, or standards, for what every student will know and be able to do in school. This guide is designed to help you understand those standards and partner with teachers to support your child’s learning during first grade. If you have questions about this information or your child needs extra help, please talk to your child’s teacher. ¡Bienvenido a PRIMER GRADO!","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystalline materials such as silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) currently dominate the solar-cell market, with organic and dye-sensitized devices being regarded as the emerging technologies. However, large areas of crystalline solar cells are inherently diffi cult and expensive to manufacture, and organic technologies have so far been unable to compete in terms of power-generation effi ciency. Fortunately, there is another technology on the horizon that promises to deliver the best of both worlds — the ease-ofmanufacturing of organic solar cells, combined with effi ciencies approaching those of crystalline technologies. Aft er many years of research and the development of a cost-eff ective production technique, quantum dot solar cells based on semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in an appropriate medium are now becoming a commercial reality. Until now, the most limiting factor in the development of commercial quantum dot solar cells has been their cost. Th e historically high prices for the quantum dot feedstock have meant that a cell could not be fabricated at a cost low enough to compete with conventional silicon solar cells, let alone with fossil fuel energy sources. However, the capacity to now produce industrial amounts of quantum dots is fi nally making it possible to fabricate high volumes of quantum dot solar cells at competitive prices. Advances in chemistry and nanotechnology have also made it possible to manufacture quantum dots from diff erent types of semiconductor nanocrystals easily and uniformly, avoiding the need for a clean room, a high-temperature process and ultrahigh-vacuum equipment. To appreciate the attraction and potential of quantum dot solar cells, it is fi rst necessary to understand the limitations of existing photovoltaic technology. Conventional silicon solar cells do not absorb the entire spectrum of the sun’s energy. Electron–hole pairs are generated when photons with energies more than the bandgap of silicon (1.1 eV ~ 1.1 μm) are absorbed, with electrons being excited to the conduction band and holes being created in the valence band. However, a signifi cant part of solar radiation is composed of visibleand ultraviolet-wavelength photons, which have energies far exceeding the bandgap of silicon. Such energetic, shorter wavelength photons excite electrons into higher levels of the conduction band. Th ese ‘hot’ electrons then relax to the bottom of the conduction band (the associated holes relax to the top of the valence band) by giving up phonons, thus heating up the silicon crystal but not bringing any useful benefi t for electricity generation. Such heating can also degrade the performance of the cell. Th ese problems can all be solved using quantum dot technology. Th e bandgap of a quantum dot can be precisely controlled by its size, meaning that diff erent sizes of quantum dots have diff erent absorption band edges. It is therefore possible to synthesize quantum dots of var
晶体材料如硅、碲化镉和铜铟镓二硒化(CIGS)目前主导着太阳能电池市场，有机和染料敏化器件被视为新兴技术。然而，大面积的晶体太阳能电池本身制造起来就很困难，成本也很高，而且有机技术到目前为止在发电效率方面还无法与之竞争。幸运的是，有另一种技术即将问世，有望实现两全其美——有机太阳能电池的制造容易，其效率接近晶体技术。经过多年的研究和低成本生产技术的发展，基于半导体纳米晶体嵌入适当介质的量子点太阳能电池现在已经成为商业现实。到目前为止，商用量子点太阳能电池发展的最大限制因素是其成本。量子点原料的历史高价格意味着电池的制造成本无法低到足以与传统的硅太阳能电池竞争，更不用说与化石燃料能源竞争了。然而，现在生产工业量产量子点的能力最终使以具有竞争力的价格制造大量量子点太阳能电池成为可能。化学和纳米技术的进步也使得用不同类型的半导体纳米晶体轻松而均匀地制造量子点成为可能，避免了对洁净室、高温工艺和超高真空设备的需要。要了解量子点太阳能电池的吸引力和潜力，首先必须了解现有光伏技术的局限性。传统的硅太阳能电池不能吸收太阳的全部能量。当能量大于硅带隙(1.1 eV ~ 1.1 μm)的光子被吸收时，产生电子-空穴对，电子被激发到导带，在价带产生空穴。然而，太阳辐射的很大一部分是由可见光和紫外波长的光子组成的，它们的能量远远超过硅的带隙。这种能量充沛、波长较短的光子激发电子进入更高能级的传导带。然后，这些“热”电子通过放弃声子而放松到导带的底部(相关的空穴放松到价带的顶部)，从而加热硅晶体，但不会为发电带来任何有用的好处。这样的加热也会降低电池的性能。这些问题都可以用量子点技术来解决。量子点的带隙可以通过其尺寸精确控制，这意味着不同尺寸的量子点具有不同的吸收带边缘。因此，有可能合成各种大小的量子点，这些量子点可以吸收大部分(如果不是全部的话)太阳的光谱，这是使用传统的晶体硅太阳能电池制造方法无法实现的。人们可以设想一种多层太阳能电池，其中顶层吸收最高能量(最短波长)的光子，底层吸收最低能量的光子。这种方法通过利用单层晶体太阳能电池无法收集的光子来最大限度地吸收阳光。虽然多层方案也可以使用几种不同的传统半导体材料(每种材料都有不同的带隙)来实现，但量子点的最大优点是，组成太阳能电池的所有层都使用一种材料(电极除外)。太阳能电池中产生的电子和空穴必须移动到各自的电极上，才能产生有用的电势并驱动负载。量子点太阳能电池内的电荷传输过程可以通过几种方式增强，包括使用具有大玻尔半径的量子点与电子接受和电子传输材料混合(或接近)的材料。量子点的尺寸可调性使光伏器件能够在太阳光谱上获得广泛的波长范围。在这里，可以看到含有不同大小的量子点(溶液)的各种小瓶。不同的颜色表示不同的光吸收带。我把它放在了我的房间里
{"title":"The Best of Both Worlds","authors":"G. Jabbour","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvn5twsc.7","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalline materials such as silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) currently dominate the solar-cell market, with organic and dye-sensitized devices being regarded as the emerging technologies. However, large areas of crystalline solar cells are inherently diffi cult and expensive to manufacture, and organic technologies have so far been unable to compete in terms of power-generation effi ciency. Fortunately, there is another technology on the horizon that promises to deliver the best of both worlds — the ease-ofmanufacturing of organic solar cells, combined with effi ciencies approaching those of crystalline technologies. Aft er many years of research and the development of a cost-eff ective production technique, quantum dot solar cells based on semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in an appropriate medium are now becoming a commercial reality. Until now, the most limiting factor in the development of commercial quantum dot solar cells has been their cost. Th e historically high prices for the quantum dot feedstock have meant that a cell could not be fabricated at a cost low enough to compete with conventional silicon solar cells, let alone with fossil fuel energy sources. However, the capacity to now produce industrial amounts of quantum dots is fi nally making it possible to fabricate high volumes of quantum dot solar cells at competitive prices. Advances in chemistry and nanotechnology have also made it possible to manufacture quantum dots from diff erent types of semiconductor nanocrystals easily and uniformly, avoiding the need for a clean room, a high-temperature process and ultrahigh-vacuum equipment. To appreciate the attraction and potential of quantum dot solar cells, it is fi rst necessary to understand the limitations of existing photovoltaic technology. Conventional silicon solar cells do not absorb the entire spectrum of the sun’s energy. Electron–hole pairs are generated when photons with energies more than the bandgap of silicon (1.1 eV ~ 1.1 μm) are absorbed, with electrons being excited to the conduction band and holes being created in the valence band. However, a signifi cant part of solar radiation is composed of visibleand ultraviolet-wavelength photons, which have energies far exceeding the bandgap of silicon. Such energetic, shorter wavelength photons excite electrons into higher levels of the conduction band. Th ese ‘hot’ electrons then relax to the bottom of the conduction band (the associated holes relax to the top of the valence band) by giving up phonons, thus heating up the silicon crystal but not bringing any useful benefi t for electricity generation. Such heating can also degrade the performance of the cell. Th ese problems can all be solved using quantum dot technology. Th e bandgap of a quantum dot can be precisely controlled by its size, meaning that diff erent sizes of quantum dots have diff erent absorption band edges. It is therefore possible to synthesize quantum dots of var","PeriodicalId":137517,"journal":{"name":"From Miniskirt to Hijab","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129630503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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