Pub Date : 2016-05-15DOI: 10.20546/IJCMAS.2016.505.067
R. F. Al-Jassany
The study was conducted by treatment of termite diet media with CSI (Lufenuron). The concentrations 8000 , 10000 and 12000 ppm were used to know the mortalities in workers and soldiers of termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silv.) at different temperature degrees (20 , 25 , 30 , 35 + 3 o C). Lufenuron at all concentrations and temperature degrees caused a gradual mortality and the results also showed no difference in susceptibility between workers and soldiers towards toxicity of Lufenuron. Temperate had a significant effect on the speed up of incidence of mortality. Therefore , the mortality percentage reached to 100% in workers and soldiers after 28 days from treatment at temperature of 25 and 30 + 3 o C , and after 49 days at temperature of 20 and 35 + 3 o C . The second reinfestation of the same treated diet after 60 days and the third reinfestation after 90 days of treatment had shown a gradual relative decline in the percentage mortalities of termite individuals depending on the duration of exposure. Mortality percentages reached to more than 50% at the highest concentration (12000 ppm) and less than 50% at the lowest concentration (8000 ppm) at temperatures at 25 and 30 + 3 o C after 90 days from treatment. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between concentrations and mortality percentages at all temperature degrees. It could be conducted that the effective duration and persistence of Lufenuron depend on concentration , temperature and exposure time.
{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of chitin synthesis inhibitor Lufenuron in individuals mortality of subterranean termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silv.) (Isoptera: Termitidae) at different temperatures.","authors":"R. F. Al-Jassany","doi":"10.20546/IJCMAS.2016.505.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/IJCMAS.2016.505.067","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted by treatment of termite diet media with CSI (Lufenuron). The concentrations 8000 , 10000 and 12000 ppm were used to know the mortalities in workers and soldiers of termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silv.) at different temperature degrees (20 , 25 , 30 , 35 + 3 o C). Lufenuron at all concentrations and temperature degrees caused a gradual mortality and the results also showed no difference in susceptibility between workers and soldiers towards toxicity of Lufenuron. Temperate had a significant effect on the speed up of incidence of mortality. Therefore , the mortality percentage reached to 100% in workers and soldiers after 28 days from treatment at temperature of 25 and 30 + 3 o C , and after 49 days at temperature of 20 and 35 + 3 o C . The second reinfestation of the same treated diet after 60 days and the third reinfestation after 90 days of treatment had shown a gradual relative decline in the percentage mortalities of termite individuals depending on the duration of exposure. Mortality percentages reached to more than 50% at the highest concentration (12000 ppm) and less than 50% at the lowest concentration (8000 ppm) at temperatures at 25 and 30 + 3 o C after 90 days from treatment. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between concentrations and mortality percentages at all temperature degrees. It could be conducted that the effective duration and persistence of Lufenuron depend on concentration , temperature and exposure time.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1393-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67688061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSC.2014.16050
S. Mostafa, A. El-Naby, E. Zidan
Article History The activity of Lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase was determined in Carniolan workers honey bee, Apis mellifera L. after feeding on different diets antibiotic ,ripe milk and some natural plant extract (thyme, clove, cinnamon, black seeds and anise) . The results showed the highest increase in the β-glucosidase activity was occurred in the diet containing Ripe milk (106.17%) and the other diets scored decrease in the activity , as well as the Lactate dehydrogenase activity the results showed highly enzyme activity in diets antibiotic and clove 192.56%, & 215.70%. respectively as compared with the other diets used in this study.
{"title":"Activity level of lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase enzymes in the honeybee colonies, (Apis mellifera L.) with different feeding","authors":"S. Mostafa, A. El-Naby, E. Zidan","doi":"10.21608/EAJBSC.2014.16050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EAJBSC.2014.16050","url":null,"abstract":"Article History The activity of Lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase was determined in Carniolan workers honey bee, Apis mellifera L. after feeding on different diets antibiotic ,ripe milk and some natural plant extract (thyme, clove, cinnamon, black seeds and anise) . The results showed the highest increase in the β-glucosidase activity was occurred in the diet containing Ripe milk (106.17%) and the other diets scored decrease in the activity , as well as the Lactate dehydrogenase activity the results showed highly enzyme activity in diets antibiotic and clove 192.56%, & 215.70%. respectively as compared with the other diets used in this study.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"483-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68425071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000166
Taye Mamo Bedane, S. Singh, T. Selvaraj, M. Negeri
Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.) commonly called as African Moringa, is a native or endemic multipurpose tree species in East Africa. An insect pest, moringa moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) has become an important pest on moringa trees in Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The present study was carried out to determine the distribution and damage status of moringa moth (N. bliteails) on M. stenopetala in the study areas of Konso, Derashe and Arbaminch Zuria districts of Southern Rift valley of Ethiopia. Qualitative and quantitative data of defoliation severity were collected during the periods of heavy defoliation in major and minor rainy seasons of the year 2011. The damage rating values were taken by using the Arc GIS 9.3 and Arc GIS 10.0 softwares and the SNNPR data map of Ethiopia was used to make the distribution map. The visual damage rating mean values of the trees and the defoliation percentage were determined with respect to seasonal variations, cropping systems, altitudinal differences, and host plant age differences. The extent of defoliation by moringa moth was recorded maximum during the major rainy season than minor rainy season and the reduced leaf biomass production of moringa trees (31-70%) were recorded during the month of July at the mixedcropping system condition and more than75% recorded during the months of July and December for mono-cropping system condition. Moderate to severe defoliation was recorded within the altitude range of 12001600 m. a. s. l. The leaves of old trees having large trunk and canopy size were more resistant to moringa moth attack than the leaves of younger trees that have relatively small trunk and canopy size during both the major and the minor rainy seasons. Succulent and younger leaves were grown after continuous and periodic leaf harvest, which were more susceptible for attack by moringa moth larvae than tender and older leaves which stayed for longer periods on the tree without continuous harvest. This study was helpful in identifying the gaps concerning the basic information on spacial and seasonal distribution of moringa moth in these areas of Ethiopia. Further study could be conducted on various methods of managing this pest on moringa trees and growers may have enough quantity and better quality of moringa vegetables that could be produced.
Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.)通常被称为非洲辣木，是东非的一种本地或特有的多用途树种。辣木蛾(Noorda blitealis Walker)已成为埃塞俄比亚南部大裂谷辣木树上的重要害虫。本文研究了埃塞俄比亚南部裂谷Konso、Derashe和Arbaminch Zuria地区辣木蛾(N. bliteails)对狭叶木蛾(M. stenopetala)的分布和危害状况。在2011年大雨季和小雨季大落叶期收集了落叶严重程度的定性和定量数据。利用Arc GIS 9.3和Arc GIS 10.0软件获取灾情等级值，利用埃塞俄比亚SNNPR数据图绘制分布图。测定了不同季节、不同种植制度、不同海拔高度和不同寄主植物年龄对树木视觉损害等级平均值和落叶率的影响。大雨季辣木蛾的落叶程度大于小雨季，混合种植条件下7月辣木叶生物量减少(31-70%)，单作条件下7月和12月辣木叶生物量减少75%以上。在海拔1200 ~ 1600 m. a. s. l范围内，出现了中度至重度的落叶现象。无论在大雨季还是小雨季，树干和冠层较大的老树叶片都比树干和冠层较小的幼树叶片更能抵抗辣木蛾的侵袭。连续和周期性采伐后长出的多肉嫩叶比不连续采伐的嫩叶和老叶更容易受到辣木蛾幼虫的侵害。该研究有助于确定埃塞俄比亚这些地区辣木蛾空间和季节分布基本信息的空白。可以进一步研究各种防治辣木树害虫的方法，这样种植者就可以生产出足够数量和更高质量的辣木蔬菜。
{"title":"Distribution and damage status of moringa moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) on Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.) in southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia.","authors":"Taye Mamo Bedane, S. Singh, T. Selvaraj, M. Negeri","doi":"10.4172/2157-7471.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7471.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.) commonly called as African Moringa, is a native or endemic multipurpose tree species in East Africa. An insect pest, moringa moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) has become an important pest on moringa trees in Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The present study was carried out to determine the distribution and damage status of moringa moth (N. bliteails) on M. stenopetala in the study areas of Konso, Derashe and Arbaminch Zuria districts of Southern Rift valley of Ethiopia. Qualitative and quantitative data of defoliation severity were collected during the periods of heavy defoliation in major and minor rainy seasons of the year 2011. The damage rating values were taken by using the Arc GIS 9.3 and Arc GIS 10.0 softwares and the SNNPR data map of Ethiopia was used to make the distribution map. The visual damage rating mean values of the trees and the defoliation percentage were determined with respect to seasonal variations, cropping systems, altitudinal differences, and host plant age differences. The extent of defoliation by moringa moth was recorded maximum during the major rainy season than minor rainy season and the reduced leaf biomass production of moringa trees (31-70%) were recorded during the month of July at the mixedcropping system condition and more than75% recorded during the months of July and December for mono-cropping system condition. Moderate to severe defoliation was recorded within the altitude range of 12001600 m. a. s. l. The leaves of old trees having large trunk and canopy size were more resistant to moringa moth attack than the leaves of younger trees that have relatively small trunk and canopy size during both the major and the minor rainy seasons. Succulent and younger leaves were grown after continuous and periodic leaf harvest, which were more susceptible for attack by moringa moth larvae than tender and older leaves which stayed for longer periods on the tree without continuous harvest. This study was helpful in identifying the gaps concerning the basic information on spacial and seasonal distribution of moringa moth in these areas of Ethiopia. Further study could be conducted on various methods of managing this pest on moringa trees and growers may have enough quantity and better quality of moringa vegetables that could be produced.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"963-985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70362012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd, As etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living livings. Lead is one such pollutants which disrupts the food chain and is lethal even at low concentrations. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of phytoremediation as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential in the remediation of lead contaminated water.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants.","authors":"Divya Singh, A. Tiwari, Richa Gupta","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V2I7.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V2I7.124","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd, As etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living livings. Lead is one such pollutants which disrupts the food chain and is lethal even at low concentrations. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of phytoremediation as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential in the remediation of lead contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7439/IJBR.V2I7.124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71304841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-30DOI: 10.21608/jfds.2010.82511
H. Hattem, E. H. Abouel-Einin, N. Mehanna
The purpose of this study was to milk permeate in the manufacture of sports drinks. The milk permeate contained 6.1% total solids, 4.2% lactose and 0.54% ash. The permeate was treated through several processes, heat fermentation and clarification. Strawberry and mango homogenates were prepared and stored at -20°C until use. Fruit beverages were prepared using the pretreated permeate and fruit homogenates at ratio of 3:1 (v/w). Sports drinks were chemically analyzed and organoleptically evaluated fresh and every 5 days until 15 days of storage in refrigerator. The results revealed that milk permeate was a good source the essential electrolytes such as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus which may be taken as sports drinks after normal or vigorous exercise to replace these ions. Using strawberry or mango greatly increased calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus content in the prepared drink. Mango was a better source for potassium and magnesium compared to strawberry, whereas strawberry was a better source with respect to calcium and phosphorus. Sensory evaluation indicated that the two sports drinks with fruits were more acceptable than the plain control.
{"title":"Utilization of milk permeate in the manufacture of sport drink.","authors":"H. Hattem, E. H. Abouel-Einin, N. Mehanna","doi":"10.21608/jfds.2010.82511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2010.82511","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to milk permeate in the manufacture of sports drinks. The milk permeate contained 6.1% total solids, 4.2% lactose and 0.54% ash. The permeate was treated through several processes, heat fermentation and clarification. Strawberry and mango homogenates were prepared and stored at -20°C until use. Fruit beverages were prepared using the pretreated permeate and fruit homogenates at ratio of 3:1 (v/w). Sports drinks were chemically analyzed and organoleptically evaluated fresh and every 5 days until 15 days of storage in refrigerator. The results revealed that milk permeate was a good source the essential electrolytes such as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus which may be taken as sports drinks after normal or vigorous exercise to replace these ions. Using strawberry or mango greatly increased calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus content in the prepared drink. Mango was a better source for potassium and magnesium compared to strawberry, whereas strawberry was a better source with respect to calcium and phosphorus. Sensory evaluation indicated that the two sports drinks with fruits were more acceptable than the plain control.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1247-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68519267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.3923/JAVAA.2010.2627.2632
A. Saki, S. Mirzayi, S. Ghazi, M. Moini, R. N. Harsini, M. Haghighat, R. Mahdavi
Barley is one of the energy sources for broiler chicken nutrition but the presence of non Starch Polysaccharide (NSP), particularly high viscosity β-glucan, can decrease nutrient digestibility. Eight hundred day-old unsexed Arbor Acres chickens were allocated to one of four replicates of the 8 treatments employed at 10 days of age following feeding of a common pre-starter diet. Experimental design was 4(×) 2 factorial arrangement with four levels barley (0, 10, 20 and 30%), and 2 levels Grind enzyme (0, 0.5 kg/ton). Viscosity for 30% barley at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Viscosity was decreased by enzyme inclusion at 42 days of age. Increased litter moisture (44.98%) was observed by 30% barley in comparison to other treatments; in contrast, this parameter was significantly reduced by enzyme supplementation. Similar trend was observed in litter uric acid. Bird's growth rate was significantly lower in 30% barley at 21 and 42 d of age. The inclusion of 0.5 kg/ton enzyme in the chicken’s diet resulted in a significant increase in the growth rate at 10-21 days of age. Feed to gain ratio of birds fed 30% barley diet was inferior than birds fed other treatments during experiment.
{"title":"Effect of various level of treated barley on small intestinal content viscosity, litter moisture, uric acid and broiler chickens performance","authors":"A. Saki, S. Mirzayi, S. Ghazi, M. Moini, R. N. Harsini, M. Haghighat, R. Mahdavi","doi":"10.3923/JAVAA.2010.2627.2632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JAVAA.2010.2627.2632","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is one of the energy sources for broiler chicken nutrition but the presence of non Starch Polysaccharide (NSP), particularly high viscosity β-glucan, can decrease nutrient digestibility. Eight hundred day-old unsexed Arbor Acres chickens were allocated to one of four replicates of the 8 treatments employed at 10 days of age following feeding of a common pre-starter diet. Experimental design was 4(×) 2 factorial arrangement with four levels barley (0, 10, 20 and 30%), and 2 levels Grind enzyme (0, 0.5 kg/ton). Viscosity for 30% barley at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Viscosity was decreased by enzyme inclusion at 42 days of age. Increased litter moisture (44.98%) was observed by 30% barley in comparison to other treatments; in contrast, this parameter was significantly reduced by enzyme supplementation. Similar trend was observed in litter uric acid. Bird's growth rate was significantly lower in 30% barley at 21 and 42 d of age. The inclusion of 0.5 kg/ton enzyme in the chicken’s diet resulted in a significant increase in the growth rate at 10-21 days of age. Feed to gain ratio of birds fed 30% barley diet was inferior than birds fed other treatments during experiment.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"825-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70085203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, various operating parameters influencing performance of stationary grain crop threshers were established. These parameters were deduced from the established analytical models describing the underlying principles for the crop characteristics and machine variables as factors influencing the overall machine performance of a stationary multi-crop thresher. A computer programme written in Visual Basic was used to select optimum operating performance of the threshing process in a stationary tooth-peg grain crop thresher. An IITA-popularized stationary multi-crop thresher was used to test the practical feasibility of the computer based output of the threshing process. A split -split -unit statistical design was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using the GENSTAT 5 statistical package with its computer programme. The results showed that graphs of data from measured thresher performance indices against the predicted data for all the established models indicated high correlation between the models and the measured data at p ≤5% significance level. The minimum energy requirements for detachment of sorghum and rice were observed at the threshing cylinder speed of 500 r/min (10.5 m/s) and 615 r/min (13.0 m/s), respectively. The combination of the threshing cylinder speed of 500 r/min (10.5 m/s) and 615 r/min (13.0 m/s) at crop moisture content of 12.8 % and 16.2 % indicated optimum threshing conditions for sorghum and rice, respectively.
{"title":"Computer applications for selecting operating parameters in a stationary grain crop thresher.","authors":"J. Olaoye, K. Oni, M. Olaoye","doi":"10.3965/IJABE.V3I3.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3965/IJABE.V3I3.132","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, various operating parameters influencing performance of stationary grain crop threshers were established. These parameters were deduced from the established analytical models describing the underlying principles for the crop characteristics and machine variables as factors influencing the overall machine performance of a stationary multi-crop thresher. A computer programme written in Visual Basic was used to select optimum operating performance of the threshing process in a stationary tooth-peg grain crop thresher. An IITA-popularized stationary multi-crop thresher was used to test the practical feasibility of the computer based output of the threshing process. A split -split -unit statistical design was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using the GENSTAT 5 statistical package with its computer programme. The results showed that graphs of data from measured thresher performance indices against the predicted data for all the established models indicated high correlation between the models and the measured data at p ≤5% significance level. The minimum energy requirements for detachment of sorghum and rice were observed at the threshing cylinder speed of 500 r/min (10.5 m/s) and 615 r/min (13.0 m/s), respectively. The combination of the threshing cylinder speed of 500 r/min (10.5 m/s) and 615 r/min (13.0 m/s) at crop moisture content of 12.8 % and 16.2 % indicated optimum threshing conditions for sorghum and rice, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13790,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"39-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70038942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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