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A Comparative Understanding of Criminal Liability Formation for Crimes Against Women in Uzbekistan and Cameroon 乌兹别克斯坦与喀麦隆侵害妇女犯罪刑事责任构成的比较研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.289
D. Suyunova, Y. Koniushenko, Nana Charles Nguindip
Women continue to be victims of violence and the violation of their human rights keep being in the increase as they experienced constant hatred on their status. This article analyzes liability for crimes against women under criminal legislations of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Cameroon by assessing the Criminal Codes rules in both countries in terms of identifying its distinctive features of legal regulation conditional to gender and family differences of subjects is provided. Expert study of criminal legislations related to crimes against women plays a facilitating role in identifying not only real scope of criminal law rules, but also determining if there is a gap in law, or legal regulation is insufficiently socially conditioned. Moreover, analysis of genesis of criminal standards on responsibility for crimes against women made it possible to trace changes in law in relation to such objects of criminal law protection as, for example, life, health, sexual freedom and sexual immunity, honor and dignity of woman, interests of family and its members.
妇女继续成为暴力的受害者,侵犯其人权的事件不断增加,因为她们对自己的地位不断感到仇恨。本文通过评估乌兹别克斯坦共和国和喀麦隆的刑法规则,分析了乌兹别克斯坦共和国和喀麦隆刑事立法中对妇女犯罪的责任,并指出了两国根据主体的性别和家庭差异而制定的法律规定的独特特点。对与侵害妇女罪有关的刑事立法进行专家研究,不仅有助于确定刑法规则的实际范围,而且有助于确定法律中是否存在空白,或法律规定是否缺乏充分的社会条件。此外,通过对侵害妇女罪行责任的刑事标准的起源进行分析,可以追溯有关刑法保护对象的法律变化,例如生命、健康、性自由和性豁免、妇女的荣誉和尊严、家庭及其成员的利益。
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引用次数: 1
Developing Information Technology Law and Legislation: Analysis of International Experience and Possibilities of Its Application in Ukraine 发展信息技术法律与立法:国际经验及其在乌克兰适用的可能性分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.287
I. Aristova, O. Brusakova, D. Koshikov, Oleksandr Kaplya
The purpose of this article is focusing attention on the relevant problematic issues that exist in the sphere of legal regulation of domestic area of high technologies, as well as finding ways of their effective solution. Noted that the legal regulation of objects and phenomena surrounding the domestic information technology (IT) sphere is quite weak and insufficient compared to other countries. Effectively functioning practices of legal regulation of the sphere of high technologies that exist in developed democracies are analyzed for their compliance with the realities of the domestic legal system. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the current state of functioning of IT law and legislation in democracies. The initial successes that have already been achieved in Ukraine in relation to the IT sphere in the past were analyzed. The perspective directions of further development of IT law, as well as related domestic and international legislation, are considered. It is pointed out that the development of both the domestic high-tech industry and the functioning of IT law and legislation are inextricably linked with the democratization of the country. The methodological basis for writing the article was a set of general scientific and special methods and techniques of scientific knowledge.
本文的目的是关注国内高技术领域法律规制中存在的相关问题,并寻求有效解决的途径。注意到与其他国家相比,国内对信息技术(IT)领域的对象和现象的法律规制相当薄弱和不足。分析发达民主国家存在的对高技术领域有效运作的法律管制做法是否符合国内法律制度的现实。对民主国家信息技术法律和立法的当前运作状态的特点给予了相当大的关注。对乌克兰过去在信息技术领域取得的初步成功进行了分析。展望了信息技术法的未来发展方向,以及相关的国内和国际立法。指出国内高新技术产业的发展和信息技术法律立法的运作都与国家的民主化有着密不可分的联系。本文写作的方法论基础是一套科学知识的一般方法和特殊方法技术。
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引用次数: 0
La ponderación y su aplicación en la sentencia 11-18-CN/19 referente al "matrimonio igualitario" en el Ecuador 厄瓜多尔关于“平等婚姻”的11-18-CN/19号判决的权重及其执行情况
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.277
Iván Rodrigo Avalos Barreno
En el año 2019, la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador emitió la sentencia 11-18-CN/19. En esta resolución, se afirmó que el artículo 67 de la Constitución—que establecía que el matrimonio es la unión entre hombre y mujer—era inconstitucional, abriendo así la posibilidad a que personas del mismo sexo se casen. Para ello, el Juez Ponente Ramiro Ávila Santamaría, entre otros argumentos, utilizó la ponderación, cuya parte esencial es la fórmula del peso. No obstante, esta no fue utilizada en la sentencia. Mediante este método argumentativo se concluyó que el principio de igualdad prevalece frente a otros principios generales del Derecho. El presente trabajo analiza la fórmula del peso, aplicándola de la manera en que, según considero, debió haberlo hecho la Corte Constitucional en la sentencia del “matrimonio igualitario”. Al efecto, se utiliza el método analítico-sintético, descomponiendo en fragmentos la argumentación realizada por el Juez Ávila. El primer apartado trata sobre los elementos de la fórmula del peso. Posteriormente, se expone el ejercicio ponderativo efectuado en la sentencia. A continuación, se demuestran los yerros argumentativos cometidos, resaltando la equivocación al escoger los principios en pugna. Por último, se plantea un nuevo ejercicio ponderativo, enfrentando los principios que debieron haber sido llevados a la balanza. El trabajo concluye que la Corte Constitucional aplicó erróneamente la ponderación en la sentencia del “matrimonio igualitario”.
2019年,厄瓜多尔宪法法院发布了11-18-CN/19号判决。该决议指出,《宪法》第67条- -规定婚姻是男女之间的结合- -是违宪的,从而为同性人结婚开辟了可能性。为此,法官报告员Ramiro avila santamaria在其他论点中使用了权重,其基本部分是权重公式。然而,这并没有在判决中使用。通过这种论证方法,得出平等原则优于其他一般法律原则的结论。在这种情况下,我们必须考虑到,在某些情况下,婚姻是一种不平等的关系,而在另一些情况下,婚姻是一种不平等的关系。在这篇文章中,我们分析了阿维拉法官提出的论点,并将其分解成碎片。第一部分讨论了重量公式的要素。然后,在判决书中阐述了权衡的过程。在这篇文章中,我们展示了在辩论中所犯的错误,强调了在选择相互冲突的原则时所犯的错误。最后,提出了一项新的加权工作,面对本应加以平衡的原则。本文的结论是,宪法法院在“平等婚姻”判决中错误地应用了加权。
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引用次数: 0
Experiencing Personal Data Protection on the Internet and Its Possibilities of Recognition and Enforcement in Ukraine 体验互联网上的个人数据保护及其在乌克兰的承认和执行的可能性
Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.288
P. Melnyk, O. Kostenko, Hanna Oleksandrivna Blinova, Iryna Shynkarenko
The purpose of this article is to find the most successful ways, forms and methods of personal data protection on the Internet among foreign countries for domestic political and legal realities. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, logical-semantic, comparative-legal, documentary analysis, analytical, information-analytical. Issues related to the adaptation of the successful experience of a number of developed countries in the field of personal data protection on the Internet are brought up for discussion. Some options are covered and specified, which include effective methods and ways to implement an effective mechanism for personal data protection on the Internet in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the protection and proper confidentiality of personal data of individuals is one of the key tasks currently facing modern jurists. It is also added that the nature and specifics of the use and protection of personal data of individuals, including on the Internet, are extremely closely related to the institution of intellectual property. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the level of protection of personal data of individuals in a country is an indicator of the extent to which such a state meets the criteria of freedom, democracy, and the rule of law.
本文的目的是寻找国外最成功的互联网个人数据保护的方式、形式和方法,以适应国内的政治和法律现实。本文运用了辩证法、逻辑语义法、比较法、文献分析法、分析法、信息分析法。讨论了一些发达国家在互联网个人数据保护领域的成功经验。其中涉及并指定了一些选项,其中包括在乌克兰实施有效的互联网个人数据保护机制的有效方法和途径。强调个人资料的保护和适当保密是现代法学家目前面临的关键任务之一。报告还补充说,使用和保护个人资料(包括互联网上的个人资料)的性质和具体情况,与知识产权制度密切相关。强调的事实是,一个国家对个人数据的保护水平是这个国家满足自由、民主和法治标准的程度的一个指标。
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引用次数: 0
Derecho de las relaciones laborales en el sector público y la cuarta regla del principio protector 公共部门的劳资关系法和保护原则的第四条规则
Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.265
Gonzalo Ubilla Fernández
El presente trabajo se centra en desarrollar la cuestión de las relaciones laborales en el sector público, y más en concreto, en la esfera del carácter tuitivo que despliega el ordenamiento jurídico uruguayo sobre el vínculo funcional entre el Estado como empleador y el funcionario público como trabajador. El enfoque que se tomará sobre la temática planteada será desde la visión de los principios generales del Derecho del Trabajo, y la postura constructiva silogística con una mirada de tertium genus entre el Derecho del Trabajo y el Derecho Administrativo para el fenómeno de las relaciones laborales en el sector público. En base a esa idea de formación y construcción común entre ambas ramas del Derecho, se intentará plantear la figura de una cuarta regla en la forma de actuación del principio protector del Derecho del Trabajo. Se buscará definir cuáles serían los impactos y alcances de la presencia de este nuevo instituto jurídico con afán tuitivo de los funcionarios públicos y aportando un nuevo elemento distintivo para seguir pensando si estamos ante una nueva rama jurídica autónoma o no.
这项工作的重点是发展公共部门的劳动关系问题,更具体地说,是乌拉圭法律制度对作为雇主的国家和作为工人的公务员之间的职能联系所表现出的保护性质。提出问题的方法将会从一般法律原则的工作景象,和silogística建设性立场与一眼tertium genus之间工作的知情权和行政法现象在公共部门劳资关系。在这两个法律分支共同形成和构建的理念的基础上,我们将试图在劳动法保护原则的实践中提出第四项规则。它将试图确定这个新的法律机构的存在的影响和范围,以保护公务员,并提供一个新的独特的元素,继续思考我们是否面临一个新的自治法律分支。
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引用次数: 1
Some Preliminary Considerations for the Legal-Economic Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility 企业社会责任法律经济分析的几点初步思考
Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v10i2.282
Rubén Méndez Reátegui, Edison Paul Tabra Ochoa, R. Mendez
This review article presents some preliminary considerations and describes the evolution of corporate social responsibility, which is necessary for an informed study of this “tool”. In that sense, the authors resort to a preliminary exploration of the conceptual framework of the legal-economic approach presenting social responsibility and the relationship that subsists with “property rights”, the relevance of “transaction costs”, among other aspects. They also explore the interrelation between social responsibility and its forms of legal exercise and its characterization in areas that involve linking it with workers, unions, and consumers. The aim is to highlight its importance and build a contribution where social responsibility will be studied from an analytical and empirical perspective. Thus, it is sought to conclude that the company considers implementing and complying with good corporate governance standards since they expand the shared vision of business management, effectively allocating resources to obtain the most significant benefits of establishing a corporate social responsibility regime. 
这篇综述文章提出了一些初步的思考,并描述了企业社会责任的演变,这是对这一“工具”进行知情研究所必需的。在这个意义上,作者诉诸于对法律经济方法的概念框架的初步探索,该方法提出了社会责任和与“产权”存在的关系,“交易成本”的相关性,以及其他方面。他们还探讨了社会责任及其法律行使形式之间的相互关系,以及涉及将其与工人,工会和消费者联系起来的领域的特征。其目的是强调其重要性,并从分析和实证的角度对社会责任进行研究。因此,我们试图得出结论,公司考虑实施和遵守良好的公司治理标准,因为它们扩大了企业管理的共同愿景,有效地配置资源,以获得建立企业社会责任制度的最大利益。
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引用次数: 0
Ley escrita e interpretación, según Gény 根据geny的书面法律和解释
Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v11i1.266
Gastón Alexander Velásquez Villamar
El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la relación entre la ley escrita y la interpretación en los términos propuestos por François Gény, atendiendo a la descripción del fenómeno interpretativo y los elementos de su racionalidad. Este trabajo está estrictamente referido a su obra Método de interpretación y fuentes en Derecho Privado positivo, del cual establecemos las nociones de ley, interpretación y racionalidad que desarrolló el autor, así como sus principales ideas sobre la interpretación extensiva, la analogía, las reglas lógicas y los casos en que los elementos extrínsecos a la ley escrita se pueden considerar en la práctica de la interpretación. Terminaremos este artículo considerando algunas referencias del autor al método de la libre investigación científica, como sus reflexiones sobre los límites de la interpretación disociada de la voluntad del legislador. Teniendo en cuenta que esta es una investigación teórica, cuya fuente son textos impresos, la metodología empleada ha requerido del uso de los métodos histórico-lógico y analítico sintético. Como método de análisis de contenido se ha recurrido al análisis textual de los documentos considerados en la investigación.
本文的目的是理解成文法律与francois geny提出的解释之间的关系,关注解释现象的描述及其合理性的要素。这个工作是严格按照其工作方法解释和私法来源,我们的法律概念,解释和理性了,以及其主要作者意见广泛解释,类比逻辑规则和内容的情况下,预备到书面的法律可被视为实际上的解释。在这篇文章的结尾,我们将考虑作者对自由科学研究方法的一些参考,如他对立法者意志的分离解释的局限性的思考。由于这是一项理论研究,其来源是印刷文本,所采用的方法需要使用历史逻辑和综合分析方法。本研究的主要目的是分析西班牙语作为一种教学语言的使用,以及西班牙语作为一种教学语言的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Justice in the Covid-19 era Through the Prism of Judicial Power 从司法权的视角看新冠肺炎时代的司法
Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.31207/IH.V10I1.270
Victor Gorodovenko, O. Bondar, L. Udovyka
The work is devoted to identifying the main problems in the field of the principle of legal proceedings in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research applies the formal-legal, historical and legal, comparative and modeling methodology. The order and issues to be considered are as follows: in the first section, we will consider the challenges and threats to justice that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the second section, we will see the judicial experience during the pandemic in the context of the basic principles of the judiciary. In the third section, we examine the application of organizational and procedural principles of the judiciary during the pandemic crisis. In the final fourth section, we will assess the role of international judicial institutions and government bodies in optimizing the administration of justice in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the work, emphasizing the vulnerability of the judicial system and justice standards, the authors support the expansion of exchange of experience and cooperation not only at the state level but also at the level of professional communities of judges, in particular with the members and judges of the European Commission for the Effectiveness of Justice, the Advisory Council of European Judges, and the European human rights courts.
这项工作致力于确定在Covid-19大流行背景下法律诉讼原则领域的主要问题。本研究运用了形式法、历史法、比较法和建模法等方法。要审议的顺序和问题如下:在第一部分中,我们将审议2019冠状病毒病大流行期间出现的司法挑战和威胁。在第二节中,我们将从司法基本原则的角度来看大流行病期间的司法经验。在第三节中,我们审查了大流行病危机期间司法机构的组织和程序原则的适用情况。在最后的第四部分,我们将评估国际司法机构和政府机构在Covid-19大流行背景下优化司法管理方面的作用。由于这项工作强调了司法系统和司法标准的脆弱性,作者支持扩大经验交流与合作,不仅在国家一级,而且在法官专业团体一级,特别是与欧洲司法效率委员会、欧洲法官咨询委员会和欧洲人权法院的成员和法官进行交流与合作。
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引用次数: 2
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the Field of Television and the Internet. The Notion of Teleformat 电视与网络领域的知识产权保护。电视格式的概念
Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.31207/IH.V10I1.264
Ulianova Halyna, Nataliia Baadzhy, Oleksii Podoliev, Denys Vlasiuk, Hanna Chumachenko
The article is devoted to the main issues of protection of intellectual property rights in the field of television and the internet, related to the spread of piracy in the field of copyright and related rights, and to the unlicensed copying of television broadcasts. Moreover, there is an emphasis on the exacerbation of existing problems in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and how this affected the industry. This research considers international and national legislation in the field of intellectual law, international experience of various countries, approaches to theory, and problems of implementing existing measures, in order to propose some options for optimizing existing mechanisms. The research methodology use the following methods: formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative analysis, and modeling. The main issues under consideration are the following ones: international broadcasting regulation, the problem of uniform terminology, and prospects for the legal regulation of copyright in television broadcasting. The authors defend the uncompromising protection of intellectual property, highlighting the lack of basic definitions, to propose their own definitions, in order to avoid the weak copyright protection of television broadcasting organizations.
本文主要讨论电视和互联网领域的知识产权保护、版权及相关权利领域盗版行为的蔓延以及未经许可复制电视广播的主要问题。此外,会议还强调了在2019冠状病毒病大流行的背景下,现有问题的加剧及其对行业的影响。本研究从知识产权法律领域的国际和国内立法、各国的国际经验、理论途径以及现有措施实施中存在的问题等方面进行了综合考量,以期为优化现有机制提出一些选择。研究方法采用以下方法:正式法律、历史法律、比较分析和建模。正在审议的主要问题有:国际广播规则、统一术语问题以及电视广播版权法律规定的前景。作者对知识产权保护的不妥协进行了辩护,突出了基本定义的缺乏,提出了自己的定义,以避免电视广播组织版权保护的薄弱。
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引用次数: 0
Bloggers, Copyrights and Some Other Legal Issues 博客、版权和其他一些法律问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.31207/ih.v9i2.262
A. Kyryliuk, V. Lysenko, A. Podolieva
The purpose of the study is to find out the place of the blog in the field of copyright; identification the most pressing problems that may arise as a result of blogging; and finding the most effective approaches and options to solve the above problems. The object of research is the system of national and foreign legislation, legal doctrine, bills in the field of intellectual property, and copyright. Empirical methods such as observation and description and theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, and explanation were used in this work. The work has the following structure: first, it takes care of the differences in understanding of copyright regulation in different legal systems, the world experience in regulating intellectual property, and its history. Then, blog copyrights are analyzed, as well as online copyright infringement, ways to protect content, and some other actual realities.  As a result of the study of the intellectual property legislation that governs this subject—in particular, in the field of copyright and related rights—there is a clarification of the notion of “blog” and the regulation that governs blogging in Ukraine is identified. In addition, some practical recommendations were given to bloggers on legal protection of their copyrights.
本文研究的目的是找出博客在版权领域的地位;识别因写博客而可能出现的最紧迫的问题;寻找解决上述问题的最有效途径和方案。研究的对象是国内外立法体系、法律学说、知识产权和版权领域的法案。本研究采用了观察、描述等实证方法和分析、综合、概括、解释等理论方法。这本书的结构如下:首先,它考虑了不同法律制度对版权监管的理解差异、世界上监管知识产权的经验及其历史。然后,分析了博客版权,以及网络版权侵权、内容保护方式等一些实际情况。通过研究管理这一主题的知识产权立法,特别是在版权和相关权利领域,对“博客”的概念进行了澄清,并确定了乌克兰管理博客的法规。此外,本文也针对部落客著作权的法律保护,提出一些实用的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Ius Humani. Law Journal
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