Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.571
P. Chaudhury
Additive Manufacturing or Direct Manufacturing, popularly known as 3D Printing, has become the leading-edge manufacturing technology. Today Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) is a reality, not only for prototype fabrication, also for functional parts in all industrial sectors. Design freedom that the AM processes offer has led to design and engineering of new, complex, light-weight structures in all applications. However, in order to realize further and widespread use of metal AM for manufacturing critical components, it is necessary to explore the inherent material freedom in AM. While new metal AM materials are being developed, the role of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) is becoming more apparent than ever before. This presentation will highlight the increasing role of Materials Science and Engineering in metal AM technologies. This presentation will show the essence of metallurgical principles in realizing full scope of material freedom in metal additive manufacturing. This presentation will demonstrate how fundamental MSE principles can be utilized to develop new materials, optimize metal AM and post processing, and their controls that cannot be achieved by conventional manufacturing methods. The examples with new AM alloys based on Al, Ti, and Ni will be presented, leading to a path of developing advanced and higher performance products for critical applications.
{"title":"Role of materials science and engineering in metal additive manufacturing","authors":"P. Chaudhury","doi":"10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.571","url":null,"abstract":"Additive Manufacturing or Direct Manufacturing, popularly known as 3D Printing, has become the leading-edge manufacturing technology. Today Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) is a reality, not only for prototype fabrication, also for functional parts in all industrial sectors. Design freedom that the AM processes offer has led to design and engineering of new, complex, light-weight structures in all applications. However, in order to realize further and widespread use of metal AM for manufacturing critical components, it is necessary to explore the inherent material freedom in AM. While new metal AM materials are being developed, the role of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) is becoming more apparent than ever before. This presentation will highlight the increasing role of Materials Science and Engineering in metal AM technologies. This presentation will show the essence of metallurgical principles in realizing full scope of material freedom in metal additive manufacturing. This presentation will demonstrate how fundamental MSE principles can be utilized to develop new materials, optimize metal AM and post processing, and their controls that cannot be achieved by conventional manufacturing methods. The examples with new AM alloys based on Al, Ti, and Ni will be presented, leading to a path of developing advanced and higher performance products for critical applications.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"8-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000300
Grace Kakonke, T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, M. Ntunka
Absorbent hygiene products are made up of different types of raw materials, renewables and non-renewables, to create the absorbent core which acts as a fluid storage structure in the product. With the addition of superabsorbent polymers in the absorbent structure, disposable diapers moved from being just a convenient item to a thinner, safer, and efficient absorbent product which resulted in reduced leakage of the collected fluid. Numerous changes in the design of diapers led to an increase in environmental problems such as excessive resource consumption, water and air pollution, excessive use of energy as well as waste disposal. This is due to the presence of specialized biological inert polymers and superabsorbent polymers which are not easily digested by bacteria present in public and private sewage treatment plants. Hence, sustainable production and consumption strategies are being explored for the production of bio-based products to reduce the use of non-renewable raw materials. This report reviews procedures for the manufacture of disposable diapers, problems emanating from the usage of fossil-based products and use of sustainably resourced materials that could replace the fossil-based ones. It appears that chicken feathers could be used to manufacture disposable diapers as they meet the property and characteristic requirements.
{"title":"Review on the manufacturing and properties of nonwoven superabsorbent core fabrics used in disposable diapers","authors":"Grace Kakonke, T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, M. Ntunka","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Absorbent hygiene products are made up of different types of raw materials, renewables and non-renewables, to create the absorbent core which acts as a fluid storage structure in the product. With the addition of superabsorbent polymers in the absorbent structure, disposable diapers moved from being just a convenient item to a thinner, safer, and efficient absorbent product which resulted in reduced leakage of the collected fluid. Numerous changes in the design of diapers led to an increase in environmental problems such as excessive resource consumption, water and air pollution, excessive use of energy as well as waste disposal. This is due to the presence of specialized biological inert polymers and superabsorbent polymers which are not easily digested by bacteria present in public and private sewage treatment plants. Hence, sustainable production and consumption strategies are being explored for the production of bio-based products to reduce the use of non-renewable raw materials. This report reviews procedures for the manufacture of disposable diapers, problems emanating from the usage of fossil-based products and use of sustainably resourced materials that could replace the fossil-based ones. It appears that chicken feathers could be used to manufacture disposable diapers as they meet the property and characteristic requirements.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89525848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000298
Mthokozisi Khumalo, T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, D. Ramjugernath
Keratin-based waste materials such as wool and waste chicken feathers are driving investigations to beneficiate them. The poultry industry in South Africa generates about 230 million kg of waste chicken feathers per annum, which makes them the abundant keratin source. most of which is disposed of by landfilling or combustion. The current disposal techniques through landfilling or combustion are not environmentally friendly. Thus, methods for beneficiation of the waste are needed. Considering that chicken feathers are comprised of mainly keratin, it is plausible that the keratin can be exploited for application in biomedical applications. However, keratin biomaterials have not found a breakthrough in clinical applications. The keratin can be recovered in the form of fibres or dissolved from feathers in suitable solvents. Regenerated keratin biomaterials can take the form of hydrogels, membranes, films, sponges, scaffolds, and nanofibres. These materials possess excellent properties that can be applied to different fields, including the health sector. Currently, there is no review paper that puts together all possible beneficiations of waste chicken feathers keratin in biomedicine. Therefore, this work exposes the chemistry and characteristics of keratin from different sources including chicken feather keratin in relation to their potential use in the biomedical applications. This review also highlights the properties of regenerated keratin and corresponding biomaterials, including electrospun regenerated keratin fibres for biomedical applications. Keratin nanofibres, also possess advanced properties for biomedical applications due to nanofibres reception in medical applications. Keratin is one biopolymer that can function as an acceptable biopolymer. The review indicates that there is a need for biopolymers as many fields rely on petroleum-based polymers which tend to have biocompatibility limits and are unsustainably resourced.
{"title":"Possible beneficiation of waste chicken feathers via conversion into biomedical applications","authors":"Mthokozisi Khumalo, T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, D. Ramjugernath","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Keratin-based waste materials such as wool and waste chicken feathers are driving investigations to beneficiate them. The poultry industry in South Africa generates about 230 million kg of waste chicken feathers per annum, which makes them the abundant keratin source. most of which is disposed of by landfilling or combustion. The current disposal techniques through landfilling or combustion are not environmentally friendly. Thus, methods for beneficiation of the waste are needed. Considering that chicken feathers are comprised of mainly keratin, it is plausible that the keratin can be exploited for application in biomedical applications. However, keratin biomaterials have not found a breakthrough in clinical applications. The keratin can be recovered in the form of fibres or dissolved from feathers in suitable solvents. Regenerated keratin biomaterials can take the form of hydrogels, membranes, films, sponges, scaffolds, and nanofibres. These materials possess excellent properties that can be applied to different fields, including the health sector. Currently, there is no review paper that puts together all possible beneficiations of waste chicken feathers keratin in biomedicine. Therefore, this work exposes the chemistry and characteristics of keratin from different sources including chicken feather keratin in relation to their potential use in the biomedical applications. This review also highlights the properties of regenerated keratin and corresponding biomaterials, including electrospun regenerated keratin fibres for biomedical applications. Keratin nanofibres, also possess advanced properties for biomedical applications due to nanofibres reception in medical applications. Keratin is one biopolymer that can function as an acceptable biopolymer. The review indicates that there is a need for biopolymers as many fields rely on petroleum-based polymers which tend to have biocompatibility limits and are unsustainably resourced.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"204 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86838946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000282
T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, D. Ramjugernath
The threat of oil pollution increases with the development of large-scale off-shore petroleum industrial activities. Recently, reducing waste materials through reuse has contributed to sustainable manufacturing in many industries. With development of large-scale poultry farming industries, the disposal of large amounts of waste chicken feathers has become a huge problem. Thus, sustainable methods for valorisation of this waste are needed. This paper examines beneficiation of waste chicken feathers via conversion into sorbents for clean-up of oil spills in water bodies to replace conventionally used synthetic adsorbents that are costly. Chicken feathers have a very high capacity for adsorption of liquid oils (up to 16.21 g of oil/g of chicken feather) at fast uptake time (10 min). The removal efficiency of oils in spills increases with increment in contact time with the sorbent. Untreated waste chicken feathers exhibited slow sorption rate for oil due to the presence of grease and other impurities on the surface of feathers. More than 85% of the oil adsorbed by chicken feathers can be recovered. Thus, waste chicken feathers show very attractive and promising adsorption/absorption properties for oil spill clean-up applications to replace polymer-based adsorbents due to their high oil absorption capacities. Both untreated and treated chicken feathers show promising potential for use as oil absorbents.
{"title":"Valorisation of Waste Chicken Feathers: Green Oil Sorbent","authors":"T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, D. Ramjugernath","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"The threat of oil pollution increases with the development of large-scale off-shore petroleum industrial activities. Recently, reducing waste materials through reuse has contributed to sustainable manufacturing in many industries. With development of large-scale poultry farming industries, the disposal of large amounts of waste chicken feathers has become a huge problem. Thus, sustainable methods for valorisation of this waste are needed. This paper examines beneficiation of waste chicken feathers via conversion into sorbents for clean-up of oil spills in water bodies to replace conventionally used synthetic adsorbents that are costly. Chicken feathers have a very high capacity for adsorption of liquid oils (up to 16.21 g of oil/g of chicken feather) at fast uptake time (10 min). The removal efficiency of oils in spills increases with increment in contact time with the sorbent. Untreated waste chicken feathers exhibited slow sorption rate for oil due to the presence of grease and other impurities on the surface of feathers. More than 85% of the oil adsorbed by chicken feathers can be recovered. Thus, waste chicken feathers show very attractive and promising adsorption/absorption properties for oil spill clean-up applications to replace polymer-based adsorbents due to their high oil absorption capacities. Both untreated and treated chicken feathers show promising potential for use as oil absorbents.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80976104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation, Characterization and Application of Keratin Based Green Biofilms from Waste Chicken Feathers","authors":"T. Tesfaye, B. Sithole, D. Ramjugernath","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Open access article published in International Journal of Chemical Sciences, vol. 16(3): DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000281","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85931749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768x.1000297
Kumari Mvl, A. Kaviarasi, A. Anandhavadivel, P. Ar
Epoxy resin in organic solvent is cured and thin films are prepared by solvent evaporation method. In the present work, the said organic solvent is used as curing agent in the sample. Both the concentration of polymer as well as curing agent is varied in wt/wt ratio and films are prepared for FTIR spectroscopic response. The FTIR observation of title compound confirms functional groups and the role of curing agent. Dielectric studies are carried out at different temperatures. Mechanical studies are also performed on the sample which confirms the toughness, textural and tensile strengths.
{"title":"Characteristic Studies on Thin Films of Epoxy resin in Organic Solvent","authors":"Kumari Mvl, A. Kaviarasi, A. Anandhavadivel, P. Ar","doi":"10.21767/0972-768x.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768x.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy resin in organic solvent is cured and thin films are prepared by solvent evaporation method. In the present work, the said organic solvent is used as curing agent in the sample. Both the concentration of polymer as well as curing agent is varied in wt/wt ratio and films are prepared for FTIR spectroscopic response. The FTIR observation of title compound confirms functional groups and the role of curing agent. Dielectric studies are carried out at different temperatures. Mechanical studies are also performed on the sample which confirms the toughness, textural and tensile strengths.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"214 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74626495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000277
K. Hudaś, Eel, Nagwa A Badawya, Amina A Hamadaa, M. El-Sayed, M. Fathy, A. G. Al-Gamal, Th. Abdel Moghny
In this study, polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) was copolymerized with 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG 600), then Graphene (G) was added at different individually percent of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%, respectively. The resultant membrane designated as (PSSA-g-PEG)/G and was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA analysis. Then, membrane efficiency was determined by measuring the salt rejection and the water flux measured under different parameters such as temperature, pressure and composites concentrations. We found that, increasing temperature and pressure increased membrane water flux, but increasing G portion slightly increased water flux except before and at concentration 0.5% where increasing water flux was growing.
在本研究中，聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA)与1%聚乙二醇(PEG 600)共聚，然后分别以0.1%、0.5%和1%的不同比例加入石墨烯(G)。合成膜为(psa - G - peg)/G，并通过FTIR、SEM、XRD和TGA分析对其进行了表征。然后，通过测定不同温度、压力和复合材料浓度条件下的盐截除率和水通量来确定膜效率。我们发现，温度和压力的升高使膜的水通量增加，但G部分的增加使膜的水通量略有增加，但浓度为0.5%之前和0.5%时膜的水通量增加。
{"title":"Desalination Aspects of PSSA-g-PEG Copolymer and its Graphene Composite Membranes","authors":"K. Hudaś, Eel, Nagwa A Badawya, Amina A Hamadaa, M. El-Sayed, M. Fathy, A. G. Al-Gamal, Th. Abdel Moghny","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000277","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) was copolymerized with 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG 600), then Graphene (G) was added at different individually percent of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%, respectively. The resultant membrane designated as (PSSA-g-PEG)/G and was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA analysis. Then, membrane efficiency was determined by measuring the salt rejection and the water flux measured under different parameters such as temperature, pressure and composites concentrations. We found that, increasing temperature and pressure increased membrane water flux, but increasing G portion slightly increased water flux except before and at concentration 0.5% where increasing water flux was growing.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84118338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000286
G. Si, Jalaladdinov Ff, Munshieva Mk, Khudaverdiev Ra, Hamidov Rh, Muradkhanov Rm, Abdullaev As, Shamilov En, Azizov Iv, Gahramanov To
New complex compounds with ligand (tryptophan) of the composition [MnClL2(H2O)] H2O, [ÐiuCl2L (H2O)], [CoCl2L2]2H2O, [ZnL2(H2O)2] H2O were synthesized. It is shown that the composition of the complexes obtained depends on the ratio of the initial components. The composition and structure of the complexes were studied by elemental analysis, IR, UV-VIS, EPR spectral and thermogravimetric analysis. The method of IR and UV spectroscopy showed that the ligands in the composition of the metal (II) complexes enter the neutral form and coordinate with the complexing agent through the nitrogen atom. The results of thermogravimetric studies have shown that the final product of the thermal decomposition of all compounds is metal oxide, respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Investigation of Complex Compounds of Divalent Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Zinc with Tryptophan and their Biological Activity","authors":"G. Si, Jalaladdinov Ff, Munshieva Mk, Khudaverdiev Ra, Hamidov Rh, Muradkhanov Rm, Abdullaev As, Shamilov En, Azizov Iv, Gahramanov To","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000286","url":null,"abstract":"New complex compounds with ligand (tryptophan) of the composition [MnClL2(H2O)] H2O, [ÐiuCl2L (H2O)], [CoCl2L2]2H2O, [ZnL2(H2O)2] H2O were synthesized. It is shown that the composition of the complexes obtained depends on the ratio of the initial components. The composition and structure of the complexes were studied by elemental analysis, IR, UV-VIS, EPR spectral and thermogravimetric analysis. The method of IR and UV spectroscopy showed that the ligands in the composition of the metal (II) complexes enter the neutral form and coordinate with the complexing agent through the nitrogen atom. The results of thermogravimetric studies have shown that the final product of the thermal decomposition of all compounds is metal oxide, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"153 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76443349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768x.1000276
Shailaja Myadaraboina, Manjula Alla, Arunadevi Parlapalli, Sarangapani Manda.
A series of imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antioxidant activity based on the recently reported active colenterazine derivatives. The substitutions have been introduced at C2 C3, C8 positions of imidazo [1,2-a] pyrazine framework. All the compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal, activities. Compounds 4c, 4f, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5f, 5h and 6b, displayed promising free radical scavenging activity and were found to be effective antioxidant when compared with standard ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Subsequently the effect of C2 C3, C8 substituents on the antioxidant activity has been investigated. The SAR reveals that amination at C8 position improves the activity. The above new chemical entities are screened for cytotoxicity on HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines. But they have not exhibited any cancer activity against cervical and breast cancer cell lines on human cancer cell lines at 10 μg/mL concentration. The series of compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Compounds 4f, 4a, 5g, 6b, and 6c display pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 μg/mL concentration. Compounds 5h, 6b, 4f, 6c showed excellent zone of inhibition against both fungi Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger at 50 μg/mL compared to the reference drugs. Compound 5h was found to be a good antioxidant as well as good antifungal agent. The low cytotoxicity of the title compounds can stand as good antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Novel Imidazo [1, 2-a] Pyrazine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluations","authors":"Shailaja Myadaraboina, Manjula Alla, Arunadevi Parlapalli, Sarangapani Manda.","doi":"10.21767/0972-768x.1000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768x.1000276","url":null,"abstract":"A series of imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antioxidant activity based on the recently reported active colenterazine derivatives. The substitutions have been introduced at C2 C3, C8 positions of imidazo [1,2-a] pyrazine framework. All the compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal, activities. Compounds 4c, 4f, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5f, 5h and 6b, displayed promising free radical scavenging activity and were found to be effective antioxidant when compared with standard ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Subsequently the effect of C2 C3, C8 substituents on the antioxidant activity has been investigated. The SAR reveals that amination at C8 position improves the activity. The above new chemical entities are screened for cytotoxicity on HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines. But they have not exhibited any cancer activity against cervical and breast cancer cell lines on human cancer cell lines at 10 μg/mL concentration. The series of compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Compounds 4f, 4a, 5g, 6b, and 6c display pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 μg/mL concentration. Compounds 5h, 6b, 4f, 6c showed excellent zone of inhibition against both fungi Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger at 50 μg/mL compared to the reference drugs. Compound 5h was found to be a good antioxidant as well as good antifungal agent. The low cytotoxicity of the title compounds can stand as good antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88249848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/0972-768X.1000287
El-Kareish Gm, Hafez Ai, F. Tera, Abou-Elmagd Wsi, Hashem Ai
An environmental friendly biodegradable cationic rice starch polymer was prepared from the broken rice. This natural polymer was assessed and applied in the treatment of the oil refinery waste water where it showed a noticeable improvement in the values of organic matter, turbidity, colloidal silica and chloride ions to lowest levels by applying 10 mg/l of cationic rice starch polymer alone. Also, by using (6) mg/l of that polymer together with (25) mg/l of ferric chloride, in the clarification of the waste water, showed very good clarity. Details, of scenario, methodology, and the obtained results are discussed and presented in this study.
{"title":"Improving Petroleum Industrial Waste Water Quality Using Cationic Modified Rice Starch","authors":"El-Kareish Gm, Hafez Ai, F. Tera, Abou-Elmagd Wsi, Hashem Ai","doi":"10.21767/0972-768X.1000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/0972-768X.1000287","url":null,"abstract":"An environmental friendly biodegradable cationic rice starch polymer was prepared from the broken rice. This natural polymer was assessed and applied in the treatment of the oil refinery waste water where it showed a noticeable improvement in the values of organic matter, turbidity, colloidal silica and chloride ions to lowest levels by applying 10 mg/l of cationic rice starch polymer alone. Also, by using (6) mg/l of that polymer together with (25) mg/l of ferric chloride, in the clarification of the waste water, showed very good clarity. Details, of scenario, methodology, and the obtained results are discussed and presented in this study.","PeriodicalId":13865,"journal":{"name":"international journal of chemical sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87314044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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