Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526991
K. Srinivasan, C. Lafond, R. Jutras
Short-circuit current is usually calculated theoretically, using power network parameters and configuration. This paper describes a method for estimating the short-circuit current using measurements taken at the distribution feeders. The method makes use of small, as well as large, disturbances. As an example, the paper includes a statistical analysis of the short-circuit current estimates from disturbance measurements in a 20-h period near a sawmill. The short-circuit current value plays an important role in the evaluation of the severity of power quality degradation at the distribution voltage levels.
{"title":"Short-circuit current estimation from measurements of voltage and current during disturbances","authors":"K. Srinivasan, C. Lafond, R. Jutras","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526991","url":null,"abstract":"Short-circuit current is usually calculated theoretically, using power network parameters and configuration. This paper describes a method for estimating the short-circuit current using measurements taken at the distribution feeders. The method makes use of small, as well as large, disturbances. As an example, the paper includes a statistical analysis of the short-circuit current estimates from disturbance measurements in a 20-h period near a sawmill. The short-circuit current value plays an important role in the evaluation of the severity of power quality degradation at the distribution voltage levels.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128342570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526993
R. Rifaat
This paper introduces a method for obtaining relative rotor electrical angles between drifting machines, in an isolated faulted system. Results from the EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Program) simulations are transferred to, and processed in an electronic spreadsheet to produce the desired curves. A :ase study is presented for an industrial system with multiple size synchronous machines. When a system is subjected to a three phase fault, Merent size running machines depart from their original rotor angles, at varying rates. If the fault is not cleared within a specific period, drifting between these machines becomes irrecoverable, and the system becomes unstable. Results under different system operating conditions are presented and the suitability of EMTP to such applications is discussed.
{"title":"Applications of EMTP for transient stability study of an islanded industrial power system","authors":"R. Rifaat","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a method for obtaining relative rotor electrical angles between drifting machines, in an isolated faulted system. Results from the EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Program) simulations are transferred to, and processed in an electronic spreadsheet to produce the desired curves. A :ase study is presented for an industrial system with multiple size synchronous machines. When a system is subjected to a three phase fault, Merent size running machines depart from their original rotor angles, at varying rates. If the fault is not cleared within a specific period, drifting between these machines becomes irrecoverable, and the system becomes unstable. Results under different system operating conditions are presented and the suitability of EMTP to such applications is discussed.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.527007
M. Chow, J. Bowen, Y. Luke
Safety, grounding, and ground fault protection should be integrated into an electrical system design in order to achieve a safe and sound electrical system. Some design guidelines are presented.
安全、接地、接地故障保护应纳入电气系统设计，以实现安全、健全的电气系统。提出了一些设计准则。
{"title":"Integrating safety, grounding, and ground fault protection in electrical system designs","authors":"M. Chow, J. Bowen, Y. Luke","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.527007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.527007","url":null,"abstract":"Safety, grounding, and ground fault protection should be integrated into an electrical system design in order to achieve a safe and sound electrical system. Some design guidelines are presented.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131678035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526999
A. Chowdhury, D. Koval
Reliability is one of the most important criteria which must be taken into consideration during the planning, designing and operating phases of any industrial, commercial or utility power system. Two distinct reliability assessment methodologies are frequently used to evaluate the reliability performance of power systems: 1) historical reliability assessment, i.e. the collection and analysis of system outage data; and 2) predictive reliability assessment, i.e., combining historical outage data and theoretical models to estimate the performance of various power system operating configurations. This paper focuses on the historical assessment of the sustained frequency and duration of single-circuit and multi-circuit delivery point interruptions. Delivery point reliability levels have a significant impact on the design of industrial and commercial power systems (e.g., IEEE Gold Book-IEEE Standard 493). Bulk electricity system average reliability performance indices are defined and statistics based on delivery point sustained interruption data for a five year period from 1988 to 1992 are presented and discussed in detail in this paper.
可靠性是任何工业、商业或公用电力系统在规划、设计和运行阶段必须考虑的最重要的标准之一。两种不同的可靠性评估方法经常用于评估电力系统的可靠性性能:1)历史可靠性评估，即收集和分析系统停机数据;2)预测可靠性评估，即将历史停电数据与理论模型相结合，对电力系统各种运行配置的性能进行估计。本文重点研究了单路和多路送电点中断持续频率和持续时间的历史评估。交付点可靠性水平对工业和商业电力系统的设计有重大影响(例如，IEEE Gold Book-IEEE Standard 493)。本文定义了大电力系统的平均可靠性性能指标，并对1988 ~ 1992年5年的送电点持续中断数据进行了统计分析。
{"title":"Delivery point reliability measurement","authors":"A. Chowdhury, D. Koval","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526999","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is one of the most important criteria which must be taken into consideration during the planning, designing and operating phases of any industrial, commercial or utility power system. Two distinct reliability assessment methodologies are frequently used to evaluate the reliability performance of power systems: 1) historical reliability assessment, i.e. the collection and analysis of system outage data; and 2) predictive reliability assessment, i.e., combining historical outage data and theoretical models to estimate the performance of various power system operating configurations. This paper focuses on the historical assessment of the sustained frequency and duration of single-circuit and multi-circuit delivery point interruptions. Delivery point reliability levels have a significant impact on the design of industrial and commercial power systems (e.g., IEEE Gold Book-IEEE Standard 493). Bulk electricity system average reliability performance indices are defined and statistics based on delivery point sustained interruption data for a five year period from 1988 to 1992 are presented and discussed in detail in this paper.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122568765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526997
C. Hsu, Chuin-Shan Chen, John Chen
This paper develops the coordination of a load-shedding scheme for a large industrial customer with several cogenerator units. A detailed description of each design procedure is included. The loads are tripped by the underfrequency relays, to prevent the power system from collapse when the plant becomes isolated, due to a utility service outage. Different system fault cases have been selected to derive the proper formulation of a load-shedding scheme, according to the historical operation records. The key factors, such as frequency settings, number of load-shedding steps, size and location of the loads to be tripped, relay time delay, and the coordination with the generator protection scheme, were examined through the simulation of the transient stability program. The proper load-shedding scheme has been designed, and the related hardware has been installed in the plant, to keep the system from blackout when the disturbance occurs.
{"title":"The load shedding scheme design for an integrated steelmaking cogeneration facility","authors":"C. Hsu, Chuin-Shan Chen, John Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops the coordination of a load-shedding scheme for a large industrial customer with several cogenerator units. A detailed description of each design procedure is included. The loads are tripped by the underfrequency relays, to prevent the power system from collapse when the plant becomes isolated, due to a utility service outage. Different system fault cases have been selected to derive the proper formulation of a load-shedding scheme, according to the historical operation records. The key factors, such as frequency settings, number of load-shedding steps, size and location of the loads to be tripped, relay time delay, and the coordination with the generator protection scheme, were examined through the simulation of the transient stability program. The proper load-shedding scheme has been designed, and the related hardware has been installed in the plant, to keep the system from blackout when the disturbance occurs.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526996
S. Halpin, G. Parise
Comparisons of power system fault calculation procedures are presented in this paper. The primary method considered in this paper is the characteristic currents method. This calculation procedure has been discussed at length in previous work. It is the purpose of this work to present the extension of the previous work to the general case and compare results obtained using this method with results obtained with methods designed to follow recognized ANSI/IEEE and IEC Standards. Complete time-domain simulation is used as the basis for these comparisons. Sample calculations for a power system containing multiple induction and synchronous machines are provided for demonstration purposes
{"title":"A comparison of the characteristic currents method with IEC, ANSI/IEEE, and dynamic simulation procedures for fault calculations","authors":"S. Halpin, G. Parise","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526996","url":null,"abstract":"Comparisons of power system fault calculation procedures are\u0000presented in this paper. The primary method considered in this paper is\u0000the characteristic currents method. This calculation procedure has been\u0000discussed at length in previous work. It is the purpose of this work to\u0000present the extension of the previous work to the general case and\u0000compare results obtained using this method with results obtained with\u0000methods designed to follow recognized ANSI/IEEE and IEC Standards.\u0000Complete time-domain simulation is used as the basis for these\u0000comparisons. Sample calculations for a power system containing multiple\u0000induction and synchronous machines are provided for demonstration\u0000purposes","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129541351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526987
U. Grasselli, G. Parise
In commercial and institutional buildings, the wider use of power electronics equipment, such as computer switch-mode power supplies and compact fluorescent lights with electronic ballasts, can create many problems. These loads are generally single-phase with a 3rd harmonic current that can be equal to or more than 60%. The aim of this paper is to analyze several specific aspects of power system design, such as: sizing of circuits, and the selection of type of circuits, by correlating them with this specific problem of distributed nonlinear load supply. The proposed criteria can be utilised both in a short-term action for resolution of specific problems, and in medium-term action for development of new optimization procedures of power system design
{"title":"Designing criteria for building power systems supplying distributed nonlinear loads","authors":"U. Grasselli, G. Parise","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526987","url":null,"abstract":"In commercial and institutional buildings, the wider use of power\u0000electronics equipment, such as computer switch-mode power supplies and\u0000compact fluorescent lights with electronic ballasts, can create many\u0000problems. These loads are generally single-phase with a 3rd harmonic\u0000current that can be equal to or more than 60%. The aim of this paper is\u0000to analyze several specific aspects of power system design, such as:\u0000sizing of circuits, and the selection of type of circuits, by\u0000correlating them with this specific problem of distributed nonlinear\u0000load supply. The proposed criteria can be utilised both in a short-term\u0000action for resolution of specific problems, and in medium-term action\u0000for development of new optimization procedures of power system design","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.528569
G. J. Nolan, E. B. Khalafalla, E. H. Arnold, D. Winge, B. Swartley
Non-utility generators (NUG's) are typically required by their electric power sales agreement to have the capability to supply power to the purchasing utility near unity power factor. With the advent of large combustion turbine generators, many NUG's are simple or combined cycle facilities with generating capacities in excess of 100 MW. Utilities are recognizing that these large NUG facilities can be significant contributors to the reactive power [megavars (MVArs)] flow needed to support system requirements and transmission level grid voltages. NUG's are now being dispatched for MVAr export and import activities to meet utility requirements. The ability of a NUG to export or import MVArs is highly dependent on the actual transmission intertie voltage level. Unless plant-specific studies are performed, this capacity can be difficult to ascertain for the NUG operating and engineering personnel. This paper presents a method, based on system load-flow studies, for estimating the capacity of a NUG to export or import MVArs at a given transmission intertie voltage level. It also explores other key variables which determine the ability of a NUG to export or import VArs. This methodology can be used to aid operating personnel at existing facilities or as a guide during the design of a new facility.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF REACTIVE POWER EXPORT AND IMPORT CAPABILITY FOR NON-UTILITY GENERATORS","authors":"G. J. Nolan, E. B. Khalafalla, E. H. Arnold, D. Winge, B. Swartley","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.528569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.528569","url":null,"abstract":"Non-utility generators (NUG's) are typically required by their electric power sales agreement to have the capability to supply power to the purchasing utility near unity power factor. With the advent of large combustion turbine generators, many NUG's are simple or combined cycle facilities with generating capacities in excess of 100 MW. Utilities are recognizing that these large NUG facilities can be significant contributors to the reactive power [megavars (MVArs)] flow needed to support system requirements and transmission level grid voltages. NUG's are now being dispatched for MVAr export and import activities to meet utility requirements. The ability of a NUG to export or import MVArs is highly dependent on the actual transmission intertie voltage level. Unless plant-specific studies are performed, this capacity can be difficult to ascertain for the NUG operating and engineering personnel. This paper presents a method, based on system load-flow studies, for estimating the capacity of a NUG to export or import MVArs at a given transmission intertie voltage level. It also explores other key variables which determine the ability of a NUG to export or import VArs. This methodology can be used to aid operating personnel at existing facilities or as a guide during the design of a new facility.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.527008
H. Torres, L. Barreto, F. Casas, V. Martinez
This paper presents the methodology and results of a study that includes designs and criteria for the power system lightning protection of sites for a petroleum exploration company in a zone of high lightning activity in Colombia (South America), a tropical country. An integral lightning protection system (ILPS) concept is emphasized
{"title":"Methodology for lightning protection at petroleum exploration sites","authors":"H. Torres, L. Barreto, F. Casas, V. Martinez","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.527008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.527008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methodology and results of a study that\u0000includes designs and criteria for the power system lightning protection\u0000of sites for a petroleum exploration company in a zone of high lightning\u0000activity in Colombia (South America), a tropical country. An integral\u0000lightning protection system (ILPS) concept is emphasized","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1995.526998
D. Koval
Frequent forced outages of power transmission equipment can significantly affect the performance of industrial and commercial power systems and the processes they control. Historical transmission reliability data provides the ability to predict the performance of various transmission line configurations and assess the economic impact of forced outages on industrial and commercial power systems. The prediction methodologies are presented in IEEE Std, 493 (i.e., IEEE Gold Book). This paper presents a summary of the Canadian Electrical Association's Equipment Reliability Information System statistics on the forced outage performance characteristics of power transmission equipment (i.e., transformers, circuit breakers, cables, etc.) for Canadian utilities for the period 1988-1992. The paper reveals the structure of the database and presents relevant summary data (i.e., the frequency and duration of forced outages) necessary for the application of these reliability methodologies. A knowledge of the primary causes of the major equipment forced outages as to whether the outages are primarily due to the subcomponents of the major equipment or to its terminal equipment is essential for designing, operating and maintaining a reliable transmission system. This paper discusses and identifies for each major equipment the primary subcomponent (e.g., transformer windings) and the terminal equipment (e.g., auxiliary equipment) which dominated the forced outage statistics of the major equipment for the five year period.
{"title":"Transmission equipment reliability data from Canadian Electrical Association","authors":"D. Koval","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1995.526998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1995.526998","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent forced outages of power transmission equipment can significantly affect the performance of industrial and commercial power systems and the processes they control. Historical transmission reliability data provides the ability to predict the performance of various transmission line configurations and assess the economic impact of forced outages on industrial and commercial power systems. The prediction methodologies are presented in IEEE Std, 493 (i.e., IEEE Gold Book). This paper presents a summary of the Canadian Electrical Association's Equipment Reliability Information System statistics on the forced outage performance characteristics of power transmission equipment (i.e., transformers, circuit breakers, cables, etc.) for Canadian utilities for the period 1988-1992. The paper reveals the structure of the database and presents relevant summary data (i.e., the frequency and duration of forced outages) necessary for the application of these reliability methodologies. A knowledge of the primary causes of the major equipment forced outages as to whether the outages are primarily due to the subcomponents of the major equipment or to its terminal equipment is essential for designing, operating and maintaining a reliable transmission system. This paper discusses and identifies for each major equipment the primary subcomponent (e.g., transformer windings) and the terminal equipment (e.g., auxiliary equipment) which dominated the forced outage statistics of the major equipment for the five year period.","PeriodicalId":138670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133483597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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