J. A. Schwarber, M. Darrow, R. Daanen, De Anne S. P. Stevens
Landslides are geologic hazards that threaten human life, property, and infrastructure. Proper mitigation requires knowledge of where landslides occurred in the past. Until recently, no landslide inventory maps had been published for any area of Alaska. Here, we present a short overview of landslide mapping within the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska, and a focused investigation of the Tanana 440 (T440) landslide. We mapped 1,679 landslides and field-verified 51 landslides within the FNSB. These landslides vary in age, movement type, and material. We present the results of in-depth mapping; subsurface exploration; soil engineering properties, including results of direct shear testing; and slope stability analysis of the T440 landslide, which we determined is a flow slide in loess that occurred during the late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. We modeled seven slope stability scenarios for the T440 landslide by varying water table position and seismic load. Our modeling results suggest that thawing permafrost and/or seismic loading were likely possible triggers for the T440 landslide. To our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive direct shear testing of non-plastic silt with a variation in moisture content and the first comparison of direct shear and field vane shear measurements of silt. The average cohesion and internal friction angle of the wetted remolded silt were 3.0 kPa and 23.1°, respectively. These values did not significantly change with increasing moisture content. The direct shear and vane shear strengths of silt had low correlation (R2 = 0.20), unlike the strong correlation that is typical of clay soils.
{"title":"Loess Is More: Field Investigation and Slope Stability Analysis of the Tanana 440 Landslide, Interior Alaska","authors":"J. A. Schwarber, M. Darrow, R. Daanen, De Anne S. P. Stevens","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Landslides are geologic hazards that threaten human life, property, and infrastructure. Proper mitigation requires knowledge of where landslides occurred in the past. Until recently, no landslide inventory maps had been published for any area of Alaska. Here, we present a short overview of landslide mapping within the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska, and a focused investigation of the Tanana 440 (T440) landslide. We mapped 1,679 landslides and field-verified 51 landslides within the FNSB. These landslides vary in age, movement type, and material. We present the results of in-depth mapping; subsurface exploration; soil engineering properties, including results of direct shear testing; and slope stability analysis of the T440 landslide, which we determined is a flow slide in loess that occurred during the late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. We modeled seven slope stability scenarios for the T440 landslide by varying water table position and seismic load. Our modeling results suggest that thawing permafrost and/or seismic loading were likely possible triggers for the T440 landslide. To our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive direct shear testing of non-plastic silt with a variation in moisture content and the first comparison of direct shear and field vane shear measurements of silt. The average cohesion and internal friction angle of the wetted remolded silt were 3.0 kPa and 23.1°, respectively. These values did not significantly change with increasing moisture content. The direct shear and vane shear strengths of silt had low correlation (R2 = 0.20), unlike the strong correlation that is typical of clay soils.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115318959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large amount of sewage will be produced in daily life and production activities, and the sewage contains heavy metal elements. If it is directly discharged into the environment, it will be transferred to the human body because of enrichment, leading to various diseases. Therefore, the sewage should only be discharged after it is treated. This article briefly introduces the conventional treatment methods for wastewater with excessive heavy metals and the traditional treatment process for urban wastewater and uses reverse osmosis technology to improve the treatment effect of heavy metal pollution. Finally, an example of sewage treatment plant X, located in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, was analyzed. The results show that the traditional treatment process was poor in treating the sewage, with excessive heavy metals caused by industrialization, but the improved treatment process combined with reverse osmosis technology effectively reduced the content of heavy metals in the sewage. With regard the soil environment after the discharge of the sewage with excessive heavy metals caused by industrialization, the degree of soil pollution increased, but the degree of soil pollution decreased to “clean” after applying the improved treatment technology. In conclusion, adding reverse osmosis technology to traditional sewage treatment can effectively remove heavy metal pollution in sewage, reducing the pollution to the environment.
{"title":"Treatment and Control of Urban Sewage with Excessive Heavy Metals for Ecological Environment Protection","authors":"Li-si Zhu","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A large amount of sewage will be produced in daily life and production activities, and the sewage contains heavy metal elements. If it is directly discharged into the environment, it will be transferred to the human body because of enrichment, leading to various diseases. Therefore, the sewage should only be discharged after it is treated. This article briefly introduces the conventional treatment methods for wastewater with excessive heavy metals and the traditional treatment process for urban wastewater and uses reverse osmosis technology to improve the treatment effect of heavy metal pollution. Finally, an example of sewage treatment plant X, located in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, was analyzed. The results show that the traditional treatment process was poor in treating the sewage, with excessive heavy metals caused by industrialization, but the improved treatment process combined with reverse osmosis technology effectively reduced the content of heavy metals in the sewage. With regard the soil environment after the discharge of the sewage with excessive heavy metals caused by industrialization, the degree of soil pollution increased, but the degree of soil pollution decreased to “clean” after applying the improved treatment technology. In conclusion, adding reverse osmosis technology to traditional sewage treatment can effectively remove heavy metal pollution in sewage, reducing the pollution to the environment.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125690724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to select a landfill site for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in the central district of Artvin Province in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Although Artvin has a smaller population compared to other provinces in the region, it has become increasingly important as it hosts sensitive ecological areas as well as dams used for energy production. Currently, the MSW collected in the provincial center is disposed through uncontrolled dumping. The topographic structure of the region is rather rough, which makes the selection and application of disposal methods difficult. However, increasing detrimental impact on the environment justifies the immediate necessity for a new landfill site. These considerations necessitate a study for landfill site selection in the region. Many different factors are considered when selecting the site for a landfill, and, thus, the process is not a simple one. In this study, various factors, including geology, slope, land use, distance from settlements, roads, surface waters, faults, and protected sites, as well as the landslide and flood susceptibility of the site, were taken into consideration. These factors were standardized using the fuzzy membership functions and weighted through the analytical hierarchy process. Spatial analysis in the GIS environment revealed that 99.91 percent of the study area was considered unsuitable, 0.08 percent moderately suitable, and only 0.01 percent suitable for landfilling. The study identified two sites that can be used as a landfill.
{"title":"Site Selection for Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: Case Study of Artvin, Turkey","authors":"H. Akıncı, Kazim Onur Demiraraslan","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aimed to select a landfill site for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in the central district of Artvin Province in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Although Artvin has a smaller population compared to other provinces in the region, it has become increasingly important as it hosts sensitive ecological areas as well as dams used for energy production. Currently, the MSW collected in the provincial center is disposed through uncontrolled dumping. The topographic structure of the region is rather rough, which makes the selection and application of disposal methods difficult. However, increasing detrimental impact on the environment justifies the immediate necessity for a new landfill site. These considerations necessitate a study for landfill site selection in the region. Many different factors are considered when selecting the site for a landfill, and, thus, the process is not a simple one. In this study, various factors, including geology, slope, land use, distance from settlements, roads, surface waters, faults, and protected sites, as well as the landslide and flood susceptibility of the site, were taken into consideration. These factors were standardized using the fuzzy membership functions and weighted through the analytical hierarchy process. Spatial analysis in the GIS environment revealed that 99.91 percent of the study area was considered unsuitable, 0.08 percent moderately suitable, and only 0.01 percent suitable for landfilling. The study identified two sites that can be used as a landfill.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126279836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clay soils are widely used in constructing embankment dams, levees, highway embankments, sanitary landfills, and hydraulic barriers where they are compacted at maximum dry density and optimum water content. These structures are exposed to many cycles of wetting and drying during their service life, resulting in volume changes and developing shrinkage cracks. This study investigated the effect of density, water content, drying temperature, layer thickness, plasticity index, and multiple wetting and drying cycles on shrinkage crack parameters (length, aperture, and area). Five samples each of low-plasticity clay, medium-plasticity clay, and high-plasticity clay at water contents on both sides of optimum water content were compacted and then oven dried at temperatures of 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. Upon complete drying, crack length, aperture, and area were digitally measured. Additionally, we saturated uncompacted clay layers of varying thicknesses (5, 7, 10, 20, and 30 mm) of the three clay types and oven dried them at the listed temperatures to investigate the effect of layer thickness on shrinkage crack parameters. The length, aperture, and area of the cracks were correlated with the influencing factors. Among the compacted samples, only high-plasticity clay samples developed shrinkage cracks, exhibiting an increase in crack length, aperture, and area with an increase in dry density and water content. For the uncompacted samples, crack length and crack area decreased with increasing layer thickness, whereas crack aperture increased.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Shrinkage Crack Development in Clay Soils: An Experimental Study","authors":"Chinmay V. Lokre, A. Shakoor, N. Wells","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clay soils are widely used in constructing embankment dams, levees, highway embankments, sanitary landfills, and hydraulic barriers where they are compacted at maximum dry density and optimum water content. These structures are exposed to many cycles of wetting and drying during their service life, resulting in volume changes and developing shrinkage cracks. This study investigated the effect of density, water content, drying temperature, layer thickness, plasticity index, and multiple wetting and drying cycles on shrinkage crack parameters (length, aperture, and area). Five samples each of low-plasticity clay, medium-plasticity clay, and high-plasticity clay at water contents on both sides of optimum water content were compacted and then oven dried at temperatures of 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. Upon complete drying, crack length, aperture, and area were digitally measured. Additionally, we saturated uncompacted clay layers of varying thicknesses (5, 7, 10, 20, and 30 mm) of the three clay types and oven dried them at the listed temperatures to investigate the effect of layer thickness on shrinkage crack parameters. The length, aperture, and area of the cracks were correlated with the influencing factors. Among the compacted samples, only high-plasticity clay samples developed shrinkage cracks, exhibiting an increase in crack length, aperture, and area with an increase in dry density and water content. For the uncompacted samples, crack length and crack area decreased with increasing layer thickness, whereas crack aperture increased.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126561711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1130/abs/2020am-354336
D. Staley, J. D. Graff, G. Stock, Kellen Takenaka, Alan J. Gallegos, C. Neptune
Wildfires frequently affect the steep hillslopes near El Portal, California (United States), a small community established during the California Gold Rush in the mid-1800s. In addition to the historical significance of El Portal, State Route 140 (SR 140) is a major transportation and economic corridor connecting the San Joaquin Valley to Yosemite National Park (YNP). In 2019, an estimated 4.5 million tourists visited and accessed YNP via SR 140. In the years after wildfires, the burned watersheds produced debris flows during intense rainfall, impacting the El Portal community and motorists traveling on SR 140 and local roads. The steepness of the hillslopes and confinement of the valley limit options for mitigating debris-flow risk. As such, emergency managers are left with evacuation orders or temporary road closures as the best options for risk reduction. The effectiveness of these options is highly dependent on establishing an accurate local rainfall intensity-duration threshold that officials can use to guide emergency response actions and timing. We present an overview of the rainfall conditions that initiated 12 post-fire debris-flow events near El Portal from 1991 to 2018 and objectively define rainfall intensity-duration thresholds from triggering rainfall rates. Our results highlight the modest rainfall rates that triggered debris flows in these steep watersheds, while radar data from more recent events (2012–2018) portray the spatial variability of intense rainfall in the area. Additional rainfall monitoring is needed to provide a robust rainfall threshold that will effectively mitigate risk for residents and motorists while minimizing the impact of road closures and evacuations.
{"title":"RAINFALL TRIGGERING OF POST-FIRE DEBRIS FLOWS OVER A 28-YEAR PERIOD NEAR EL PORTAL, CALIFORNIA, USA","authors":"D. Staley, J. D. Graff, G. Stock, Kellen Takenaka, Alan J. Gallegos, C. Neptune","doi":"10.1130/abs/2020am-354336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-354336","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wildfires frequently affect the steep hillslopes near El Portal, California (United States), a small community established during the California Gold Rush in the mid-1800s. In addition to the historical significance of El Portal, State Route 140 (SR 140) is a major transportation and economic corridor connecting the San Joaquin Valley to Yosemite National Park (YNP). In 2019, an estimated 4.5 million tourists visited and accessed YNP via SR 140. In the years after wildfires, the burned watersheds produced debris flows during intense rainfall, impacting the El Portal community and motorists traveling on SR 140 and local roads. The steepness of the hillslopes and confinement of the valley limit options for mitigating debris-flow risk. As such, emergency managers are left with evacuation orders or temporary road closures as the best options for risk reduction. The effectiveness of these options is highly dependent on establishing an accurate local rainfall intensity-duration threshold that officials can use to guide emergency response actions and timing. We present an overview of the rainfall conditions that initiated 12 post-fire debris-flow events near El Portal from 1991 to 2018 and objectively define rainfall intensity-duration thresholds from triggering rainfall rates. Our results highlight the modest rainfall rates that triggered debris flows in these steep watersheds, while radar data from more recent events (2012–2018) portray the spatial variability of intense rainfall in the area. Additional rainfall monitoring is needed to provide a robust rainfall threshold that will effectively mitigate risk for residents and motorists while minimizing the impact of road closures and evacuations.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114825356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Collins, S. Corbett, Elizabeth J. Horton, Alan J. Gallegos
Geologic conditions and topographic setting are among the most critical factors for assessing rockfall hazards. However, other subtle features of rockfall motion may also govern the runout of rockfall debris, particularly for those sourced from massive cliffs where debris can have substantial momentum during transport. Rocks may undergo collisions with trees and talus boulders, with the latter potentially generating flyrock—launched rock pieces resulting from boulder collisions that follow distinctively different paths than the majority of debris. Collectively, these intricacies of rockfall kinematics may substantially govern the hazards expected from rockfall to both persons and infrastructure located beneath steep cliffs. Here, we investigate the kinematics, including outlier boulder and flyrock trajectories, of seismically triggered rockfalls on 24 June 2020 that damaged campground facilities near Whitney Portal, CA, a heavily used outdoor recreation gateway to the Sierra Nevada mountains. Our results, obtained in part by rockfall runout model simulations, indicate that outlier boulder trajectories resulted from opportunities provided by less steep terrain beyond the talus edge. The influence of trees, initially thought to have served a protective capacity in attenuating rockfall energy, appears to have been negligible for the large boulder volumes (>50 m3) mobilized, although they did potentially deflect the trajectory of flyrock debris. Rockfall outlier boulders from the event were comparable in volume and runout distance to prehistoric boulders located beyond the talus slope, thereby providing some level of confidence in the use of a single rockfall shadow angle for estimating future rockfall hazards at the site.
{"title":"Rockfall Kinematics from Massive Rock Cliffs: Outlier Boulders and Flyrock from Whitney Portal, California, Rockfalls","authors":"B. Collins, S. Corbett, Elizabeth J. Horton, Alan J. Gallegos","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Geologic conditions and topographic setting are among the most critical factors for assessing rockfall hazards. However, other subtle features of rockfall motion may also govern the runout of rockfall debris, particularly for those sourced from massive cliffs where debris can have substantial momentum during transport. Rocks may undergo collisions with trees and talus boulders, with the latter potentially generating flyrock—launched rock pieces resulting from boulder collisions that follow distinctively different paths than the majority of debris. Collectively, these intricacies of rockfall kinematics may substantially govern the hazards expected from rockfall to both persons and infrastructure located beneath steep cliffs. Here, we investigate the kinematics, including outlier boulder and flyrock trajectories, of seismically triggered rockfalls on 24 June 2020 that damaged campground facilities near Whitney Portal, CA, a heavily used outdoor recreation gateway to the Sierra Nevada mountains. Our results, obtained in part by rockfall runout model simulations, indicate that outlier boulder trajectories resulted from opportunities provided by less steep terrain beyond the talus edge. The influence of trees, initially thought to have served a protective capacity in attenuating rockfall energy, appears to have been negligible for the large boulder volumes (>50 m3) mobilized, although they did potentially deflect the trajectory of flyrock debris. Rockfall outlier boulders from the event were comparable in volume and runout distance to prehistoric boulders located beyond the talus slope, thereby providing some level of confidence in the use of a single rockfall shadow angle for estimating future rockfall hazards at the site.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128685487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1130/abs/2021am-368936
J. Keaton
Probabilistic risk assessments were developed in the 1970s as consistent approaches to assessing public health protection by nuclear-facility safety measures. Risk-informed initiatives resulted in the characterization of processes that produce extreme events (hazards) independently from the detrimental effects of such events on people or environment from facility damage (risks), as well as quantifying uncertainties. For example, large dams are designed to perform without uncontrolled reservoir release under seismic motion with 1/10,000 annual frequency. Geologic inputs for seismic hazards include ground motion sources and site response. Probabilistic flood hazards analyses are emerging in response to uncertainty about the effects of climate change, aging flood control structures, and acceptance of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. Geologic inputs for flood hazard have focused on paleoflood hydrology from slackwater deposits and boulder bars. Procedures are available for calculating probable maximum floods, produced from the most severe combination of meteorological and hydrologic conditions, but not for assessing annual frequencies of such events. Flood routing, the domain of hydrologists and hydraulic engineers, typically stipulates channel stability. What if channels erode during extreme floods, watershed slopes are susceptible to landslides, or landslides reduce channel cross sections? Hydrologists and hydraulic engineers evaluate flood flow and water elevation effects at facilities, whereas engineering geologists need to assess slope response and mobilization of debris under extreme precipitation. Keeping slope assessments consistent with probabilistic approaches is challenging. A real location provides a hypothetical example to illustrate selected aspects of the geological approach and to utilize the results of some available tools.
{"title":"CONSIDERING ENGINEERING GEOLOGY INPUT FOR PROBABILISTIC FLOOD HAZARD ASSESSMENTS","authors":"J. Keaton","doi":"10.1130/abs/2021am-368936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368936","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Probabilistic risk assessments were developed in the 1970s as consistent approaches to assessing public health protection by nuclear-facility safety measures. Risk-informed initiatives resulted in the characterization of processes that produce extreme events (hazards) independently from the detrimental effects of such events on people or environment from facility damage (risks), as well as quantifying uncertainties. For example, large dams are designed to perform without uncontrolled reservoir release under seismic motion with 1/10,000 annual frequency. Geologic inputs for seismic hazards include ground motion sources and site response. Probabilistic flood hazards analyses are emerging in response to uncertainty about the effects of climate change, aging flood control structures, and acceptance of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. Geologic inputs for flood hazard have focused on paleoflood hydrology from slackwater deposits and boulder bars. Procedures are available for calculating probable maximum floods, produced from the most severe combination of meteorological and hydrologic conditions, but not for assessing annual frequencies of such events. Flood routing, the domain of hydrologists and hydraulic engineers, typically stipulates channel stability. What if channels erode during extreme floods, watershed slopes are susceptible to landslides, or landslides reduce channel cross sections? Hydrologists and hydraulic engineers evaluate flood flow and water elevation effects at facilities, whereas engineering geologists need to assess slope response and mobilization of debris under extreme precipitation. Keeping slope assessments consistent with probabilistic approaches is challenging. A real location provides a hypothetical example to illustrate selected aspects of the geological approach and to utilize the results of some available tools.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116701782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along with the increased anthropogenic load on landscapes, which consists of ecological damage, the rate of destruction and extinction of biological species (and sometimes even entire ecosystems) is also growing. Therefore, the most important task of the study is to substantiate the systems of specially protected natural areas, which together must contain all the landscape diversity. It is important to realize that the system of protected areas will be effective when it is a single network integrated into the life of the local community, providing not only the exclusion of areas from economic turnover but also the organization of rational, scientifically sound economic activities to form a cultural landscape. Thus, it is necessary to investigate and generalize the mechanisms that form the landscape and ecological foundation for the organization of regional systems of protected areas for their further effective use in the organization of specially protected natural areas, which became the purpose of this study. This article provides recommendations for the organization of regional systems of specially protected natural areas and specific conditions of their landscape and ecological exploitation for the conservation of biodiversity.
{"title":"Landscape and Ecological Foundations for the Organization of Regional Systems of Special Protected Areas","authors":"Jianmei Wang, Bao Yu, Lina Niu","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Along with the increased anthropogenic load on landscapes, which consists of ecological damage, the rate of destruction and extinction of biological species (and sometimes even entire ecosystems) is also growing. Therefore, the most important task of the study is to substantiate the systems of specially protected natural areas, which together must contain all the landscape diversity. It is important to realize that the system of protected areas will be effective when it is a single network integrated into the life of the local community, providing not only the exclusion of areas from economic turnover but also the organization of rational, scientifically sound economic activities to form a cultural landscape. Thus, it is necessary to investigate and generalize the mechanisms that form the landscape and ecological foundation for the organization of regional systems of protected areas for their further effective use in the organization of specially protected natural areas, which became the purpose of this study. This article provides recommendations for the organization of regional systems of specially protected natural areas and specific conditions of their landscape and ecological exploitation for the conservation of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122620636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Yaqui Flat Long Run-Out Rock Avalanche: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California","authors":"M. Hart, David B. Evans","doi":"10.2113/eeg-d-21-00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-21-00051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124307984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1130/abs/2021am-367781
R. Wooten, C. Scheip, Jesse S. Hill, T. Douglas, David M. Korte, Bart L. Cattanach, G. N. Bozdog, S. Isard
Landslides occur in Polk County, North Carolina, primarily along the Columbus Promontory of Blue Ridge Escarpment (BRE), which has 400 m of topographic relief and slopes typically >20°. Bedrock is characterized as late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks within Paleozoic thrust sheets. On May 18, 2018, ∼200 mm of rainfall over a 3- to 4-hour period triggered numerous debris flows and slides along the BRE, causing one fatality and severe damage to homes and roads. The State Emergency Operations Center tasked the North Carolina Geological Survey to assess slope stability ahead of search and rescue operations and assess damage along the North Pacolet River valley. The loss of life and destruction from the 2018 storm and ongoing threats to infrastructure prompted us to map landslides throughout Polk County in 2019–2021 to fully document the 2018 landslides and place them in the context of past and ongoing landsliding. We mapped 920 varied types of landslides and attribute 241 to the 2018 storm, making it one of the largest events in North Carolina since 2004 with respect to landslide numbers and spatial frequency. The highest concentrations of landslide features in Polk County are along the slopes of the BRE, especially the Pacolet River and Green River valleys. These rivers exploit post-orogenic brittle fractures to form linear reentrants where the May 2018 and other landslides are concentrated. This article describes our landslide response and mapping efforts and relates our findings to the geomorphic and geologic framework and to past landslide events in the region.
{"title":"RESPONSES TO LANDSLIDES AND LANDSLIDE MAPPING ON THE BLUE RIDGE ESCARPMENT, POLK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA, USA","authors":"R. Wooten, C. Scheip, Jesse S. Hill, T. Douglas, David M. Korte, Bart L. Cattanach, G. N. Bozdog, S. Isard","doi":"10.1130/abs/2021am-367781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-367781","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Landslides occur in Polk County, North Carolina, primarily along the Columbus Promontory of Blue Ridge Escarpment (BRE), which has 400 m of topographic relief and slopes typically >20°. Bedrock is characterized as late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks within Paleozoic thrust sheets. On May 18, 2018, ∼200 mm of rainfall over a 3- to 4-hour period triggered numerous debris flows and slides along the BRE, causing one fatality and severe damage to homes and roads. The State Emergency Operations Center tasked the North Carolina Geological Survey to assess slope stability ahead of search and rescue operations and assess damage along the North Pacolet River valley. The loss of life and destruction from the 2018 storm and ongoing threats to infrastructure prompted us to map landslides throughout Polk County in 2019–2021 to fully document the 2018 landslides and place them in the context of past and ongoing landsliding. We mapped 920 varied types of landslides and attribute 241 to the 2018 storm, making it one of the largest events in North Carolina since 2004 with respect to landslide numbers and spatial frequency. The highest concentrations of landslide features in Polk County are along the slopes of the BRE, especially the Pacolet River and Green River valleys. These rivers exploit post-orogenic brittle fractures to form linear reentrants where the May 2018 and other landslides are concentrated. This article describes our landslide response and mapping efforts and relates our findings to the geomorphic and geologic framework and to past landslide events in the region.","PeriodicalId":138906,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126470878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：