Channel coding is the most significant part of every communication system. Future wireless systems will require extraordinary performance codes employing a low‐complication encoding process and decoding to accommodate scenarios ranging from effective throughput with low code rates for extended messages to high dependability for brief information messages with low code rates. The existence of digital transmission techniques that can communicate error‐free over a noisy channel is established by Shannon's channel theorem. Channel coding, however, increases communication dependability at the cost of higher computational costs and structured redundancy. The primary goals of the fifth‐generation cellular network (5G) are enhanced dependability, reduced redundancy, and decreased latency. Two promising communication systems for achieving this goal are LDPC codes and polar codes. The 3GPP, which established the 5G communication system, is reviewed in this paper, along with the encoding/decoding procedure and communication dependability. The encoding/decoding process will be evaluated using the three most studied communication channels: the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), and the BSC (Binary Symmetric Channel).
{"title":"A comparative design of 5G communication codes","authors":"V. Anand Kumar, V. Nandalal","doi":"10.1002/dac.5954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5954","url":null,"abstract":"Channel coding is the most significant part of every communication system. Future wireless systems will require extraordinary performance codes employing a low‐complication encoding process and decoding to accommodate scenarios ranging from effective throughput with low code rates for extended messages to high dependability for brief information messages with low code rates. The existence of digital transmission techniques that can communicate error‐free over a noisy channel is established by Shannon's channel theorem. Channel coding, however, increases communication dependability at the cost of higher computational costs and structured redundancy. The primary goals of the fifth‐generation cellular network (5G) are enhanced dependability, reduced redundancy, and decreased latency. Two promising communication systems for achieving this goal are LDPC codes and polar codes. The 3GPP, which established the 5G communication system, is reviewed in this paper, along with the encoding/decoding procedure and communication dependability. The encoding/decoding process will be evaluated using the three most studied communication channels: the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), and the BSC (Binary Symmetric Channel).","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the world of emerging wireless networks, interference poses a significant challenge to reliable wireless communication. Additionally, these networks are prone to path loss and blockages, which can be addressed by utilizing the advanced technology of multihop communication with instantaneous relay (IR). However, scenarios involving IR‐assisted networks are considered instances of multihop communications that face potential obstacles caused by interference. As a result, multiple interference management approaches exist to tackle this interference issue, among which aligned interference neutralization (AIN) is a state‐of‐the‐art technology that seamlessly unifies two established interference management strategies: interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN). Therefore, this paper presents a novel tristaged AIN scheme to mitigate interference in a multicellular multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference multiple access channel (IMAC). In the proposed scheme, the initial stage‐1 involves transmitting message signals from individual transmitters or users to the IR and the receiving base stations (BSs). In stage‐2, the IR neutralizes half of the interference signals by performing IN. Finally, in stage‐3, IA is carried out at the receiver BS terminals, aligning the remaining interference signals equally within the available dimensions. Based on this proposed approach, we determined that for an IR‐aided multicellular MIMO IMAC, the achievable degree of freedom (DoF) is 2N. The proposed approach's robustness and effectiveness have been analyzed through extensive simulations, and these simulation results indicated that the proposed approach outperforms other benchmark interference management techniques in terms of DoF and sum rate, thereby improving user performance.
在新兴的无线网络世界中，干扰对可靠的无线通信构成了重大挑战。此外，这些网络还容易出现路径损耗和阻塞，而利用先进的瞬时中继（IR）多跳通信技术可以解决这些问题。然而，涉及红外辅助网络的场景被认为是多跳通信的实例，面临着干扰造成的潜在障碍。因此，存在多种干扰管理方法来解决这一干扰问题，其中对齐干扰中和（AIN）是一种最先进的技术，它无缝地统一了两种既定的干扰管理策略：干扰对齐（IA）和干扰中和（IN）。因此，本文提出了一种新颖的三段式 AIN 方案，用于缓解多蜂窝多输入多输出（MIMO）干扰多路接入信道（IMAC）中的干扰。在所提出的方案中，初始阶段-1 包括从单个发射器或用户向 IR 和接收基站（BS）发送信息信号。在第二阶段，IR 通过执行 IN 中和一半的干扰信号。最后，在第三阶段，在接收基站终端执行 IA，将剩余的干扰信号在可用尺寸内平均对齐。基于这种拟议方法，我们确定，对于红外辅助多蜂窝 MIMO IMAC，可实现的自由度（DoF）为 2N。我们通过大量仿真分析了所提方法的鲁棒性和有效性，这些仿真结果表明，所提方法在自由度和总和速率方面优于其他基准干扰管理技术，从而提高了用户性能。
{"title":"A novel unified interference management scheme for multicellular MIMO communication with instantaneous relay","authors":"Vivek Menon U, Poongundran Selvaprabhu","doi":"10.1002/dac.5923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5923","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of emerging wireless networks, interference poses a significant challenge to reliable wireless communication. Additionally, these networks are prone to path loss and blockages, which can be addressed by utilizing the advanced technology of multihop communication with instantaneous relay (IR). However, scenarios involving IR‐assisted networks are considered instances of multihop communications that face potential obstacles caused by interference. As a result, multiple interference management approaches exist to tackle this interference issue, among which aligned interference neutralization (AIN) is a state‐of‐the‐art technology that seamlessly unifies two established interference management strategies: interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN). Therefore, this paper presents a novel tristaged AIN scheme to mitigate interference in a multicellular multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference multiple access channel (IMAC). In the proposed scheme, the initial stage‐1 involves transmitting message signals from individual transmitters or users to the IR and the receiving base stations (BSs). In stage‐2, the IR neutralizes half of the interference signals by performing IN. Finally, in stage‐3, IA is carried out at the receiver BS terminals, aligning the remaining interference signals equally within the available dimensions. Based on this proposed approach, we determined that for an IR‐aided multicellular MIMO IMAC, the achievable degree of freedom (DoF) is 2N. The proposed approach's robustness and effectiveness have been analyzed through extensive simulations, and these simulation results indicated that the proposed approach outperforms other benchmark interference management techniques in terms of DoF and sum rate, thereby improving user performance.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jayasutha, V. Hemamalini, S. Sangeetha, Ajay Reddy Yeruva
SummaryWireless body sensor network (WBSN) is essential for monitoring patients' health problems and offers a low‐cost option for various healthcare applications. In this manuscript, a Novel Health Monitoring Approach for WBSNs (DIWGAN‐WBSN) is proposed, which uses Dual Interactive Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (DIWGAN) optimized with War Strategy Optimization Algorithm (WSOA). After sensing the aforementioned attribute information, it is the responsibility of WBSN nodes to transfer the sensed data to the sink node. The Volcano Eruption Algorithm (VEA) is applied to select the optimum cluster heads in WBSN. The results from VEA are fed to the target node; it consists of DIWGAN to classify the health records and to portray the patient's health status. Generally, DIWGAN does not adopt any optimization methods for measuring the ideal parameters and guaranteeing accurate health monitoring and risk assessment. So the proposed WSOA is considered to enhance the DIWGAN. The proposed method is activated in MATLAB; its efficacy is estimated under performance metrics, like precision, specificity, accuracy, and energy utilization. The proposed approach attains 23.9%, 21.34%, and 51.09% higher accuracy; 21.45%, 13.94%, and 20.6% higher precision; 31.32%, 29.61%, and 11.03% higher specificity; and 20.9%, 19.87%, and 24.6% lower energy utilization for HD classification using the Cleveland database than the existing methods like back propagation neural network‐based risk detection in WBSN for health monitoring, random forest algorithm–based health monitoring in WBSN, and ensemble deep learning and feature fusion for health monitoring using WBSN methods, respectively.
{"title":"DIWGAN‐WBSN: A novel health monitoring approach for wireless body sensor networks","authors":"D. Jayasutha, V. Hemamalini, S. Sangeetha, Ajay Reddy Yeruva","doi":"10.1002/dac.5934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5934","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryWireless body sensor network (WBSN) is essential for monitoring patients' health problems and offers a low‐cost option for various healthcare applications. In this manuscript, a Novel Health Monitoring Approach for WBSNs (DIWGAN‐WBSN) is proposed, which uses Dual Interactive Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (DIWGAN) optimized with War Strategy Optimization Algorithm (WSOA). After sensing the aforementioned attribute information, it is the responsibility of WBSN nodes to transfer the sensed data to the sink node. The Volcano Eruption Algorithm (VEA) is applied to select the optimum cluster heads in WBSN. The results from VEA are fed to the target node; it consists of DIWGAN to classify the health records and to portray the patient's health status. Generally, DIWGAN does not adopt any optimization methods for measuring the ideal parameters and guaranteeing accurate health monitoring and risk assessment. So the proposed WSOA is considered to enhance the DIWGAN. The proposed method is activated in MATLAB; its efficacy is estimated under performance metrics, like precision, specificity, accuracy, and energy utilization. The proposed approach attains 23.9%, 21.34%, and 51.09% higher accuracy; 21.45%, 13.94%, and 20.6% higher precision; 31.32%, 29.61%, and 11.03% higher specificity; and 20.9%, 19.87%, and 24.6% lower energy utilization for HD classification using the Cleveland database than the existing methods like back propagation neural network‐based risk detection in WBSN for health monitoring, random forest algorithm–based health monitoring in WBSN, and ensemble deep learning and feature fusion for health monitoring using WBSN methods, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep learning (DL)‐based channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM‐IM) under Rayleigh fading channel conditions is presented in this paper. A deep neural network (DNN) is utilized to estimate the channel response in simulations. The proposed DNN is trained using the channel coefficient derived through the least squares (LS) method. Then channel estimation is conducted using the trained DNN. Within the DNN, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) layer is included as the hidden layer. Different scenarios are handled in simulations and the proposed DNN is compared with traditional channel estimation methods. The simulations demonstrate that the DL‐based channel estimation significantly surpasses the LS and minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) techniques.
{"title":"Deep learning‐based channel estimation for OFDM‐IM systems over Rayleigh fading channels","authors":"Omer Adiguzel, I. Develi","doi":"10.1002/dac.5944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5944","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning (DL)‐based channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM‐IM) under Rayleigh fading channel conditions is presented in this paper. A deep neural network (DNN) is utilized to estimate the channel response in simulations. The proposed DNN is trained using the channel coefficient derived through the least squares (LS) method. Then channel estimation is conducted using the trained DNN. Within the DNN, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) layer is included as the hidden layer. Different scenarios are handled in simulations and the proposed DNN is compared with traditional channel estimation methods. The simulations demonstrate that the DL‐based channel estimation significantly surpasses the LS and minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) techniques.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryOptimizing node deployment in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) poses significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic nature of underwater environments. This research introduces the adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm (ALSTM‐ESOA), a novel approach designed to enhance network coverage and performance efficiently. Unlike traditional methods, ALSTM‐ESOA incorporates cognitive learning capabilities from long short‐term memory (LSTM) and dynamic adaptation strategies inspired by the hunting behaviors of egrets. The algorithm's effectiveness was tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB, demonstrating notable improvements over existing models: network throughput increased by up to 55.56%, deployment time decreased by 88.89%, and energy efficiency improved significantly. These enhancements are critical for robust, real‐time data collection and monitoring in underwater settings, providing substantial benefits for marine research and resource management. The findings suggest that ALSTM‐ESOA significantly outperforms conventional algorithms, offering a promising new tool for the advancement of UIoT applications. After being implemented in MATLAB, the suggested ALSTM‐ESOA model for the node deployment optimization in UIoT is examined. The proposed ALSTM‐ESOA in terms of network throughput is 55.56%, 38.89%, 36.11%, and 11.11% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed ALSTM‐ESOA with respect to deployment time is 88.89%, 81.82%, 75%, and 50% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. For the purpose of exploring marine resources, monitoring underwater environments, and conducting marine scientific investigation, the research's findings are extremely valuable.
{"title":"Optimization of node deployment in underwater internet of things using novel adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm","authors":"Judy Simon, Nellore Kapileswar, Baskaran Padmavathi, Krishnamoorthy Durga Devi, Polasi Phani Kumar","doi":"10.1002/dac.5926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5926","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryOptimizing node deployment in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) poses significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic nature of underwater environments. This research introduces the adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm (ALSTM‐ESOA), a novel approach designed to enhance network coverage and performance efficiently. Unlike traditional methods, ALSTM‐ESOA incorporates cognitive learning capabilities from long short‐term memory (LSTM) and dynamic adaptation strategies inspired by the hunting behaviors of egrets. The algorithm's effectiveness was tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB, demonstrating notable improvements over existing models: network throughput increased by up to 55.56%, deployment time decreased by 88.89%, and energy efficiency improved significantly. These enhancements are critical for robust, real‐time data collection and monitoring in underwater settings, providing substantial benefits for marine research and resource management. The findings suggest that ALSTM‐ESOA significantly outperforms conventional algorithms, offering a promising new tool for the advancement of UIoT applications. After being implemented in MATLAB, the suggested ALSTM‐ESOA model for the node deployment optimization in UIoT is examined. The proposed ALSTM‐ESOA in terms of network throughput is 55.56%, 38.89%, 36.11%, and 11.11% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed ALSTM‐ESOA with respect to deployment time is 88.89%, 81.82%, 75%, and 50% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. For the purpose of exploring marine resources, monitoring underwater environments, and conducting marine scientific investigation, the research's findings are extremely valuable.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryIn this work, an offset microstrip line coupled bilateral rectangular‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is designed for broadband circular polarization (CP), which is fabricated and experimentally verified. The vertical microstrip is added in an offset position to generate orthogonal modes and the fundamental modes TEx111 and TEy111. The generation of orthogonal modes designates the antenna structure as a CP antenna with orthogonal modes. Moreover, the location of the microstrip feed arrangement is used to control the polarization state in the proposed work. In the proposed design, the simulated and hand‐measured input impedance bandwidth(|S11| ≤ −10 dB) obtained is 32.6% (3.53–4.9 GHz) and 33.2% (3.56–4.98 GHz), respectively, whereas the simulated and measured axial ratio (AR ≤ 3 dB) shows 16.1% (3.71–4.36 GHz) and 17.03% (3.7–4.39 GHz) of axial ratio bandwidth, respectively. This design shows a consistent radiation pattern and good average gain, with acceptable agreement between simulation and hand‐measured results. The simulated result shows 94% radiation efficiency in the working frequency range.
{"title":"Bilateral rectangular shape dielectric resonator antenna coupled with offset microstrip lines for wideband circular polarization","authors":"Md. Muzammil Sani, Rakesh Chowdhury, Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary","doi":"10.1002/dac.5947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5947","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIn this work, an offset microstrip line coupled bilateral rectangular‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is designed for broadband circular polarization (CP), which is fabricated and experimentally verified. The vertical microstrip is added in an offset position to generate orthogonal modes and the fundamental modes TE<jats:sup>x</jats:sup><jats:sub>111</jats:sub> and TE<jats:sup>y</jats:sup><jats:sub>111</jats:sub>. The generation of orthogonal modes designates the antenna structure as a CP antenna with orthogonal modes. Moreover, the location of the microstrip feed arrangement is used to control the polarization state in the proposed work. In the proposed design, the simulated and hand‐measured input impedance bandwidth(|<jats:italic>S</jats:italic><jats:sub>11</jats:sub>| ≤ −10 dB) obtained is 32.6% (3.53–4.9 GHz) and 33.2% (3.56–4.98 GHz), respectively, whereas the simulated and measured axial ratio (AR ≤ 3 dB) shows 16.1% (3.71–4.36 GHz) and 17.03% (3.7–4.39 GHz) of axial ratio bandwidth, respectively. This design shows a consistent radiation pattern and good average gain, with acceptable agreement between simulation and hand‐measured results. The simulated result shows 94% radiation efficiency in the working frequency range.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryA comparative analysis of 3D positioning error for two different configurations using different layouts of visible light communication (VLC) systems is presented in this paper. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) has been implemented for indoor localization systems using Line‐of‐Sight (LoS) and diffused reflection signals. The room size for configuration‐1 is 5 m × 5 m × 3 m, and the distance between adjacent LEDs is 2.5 m, 2.00 m, and 1.5 m for cases‐1, case‐2, and case‐3, respectively, whereas the room size for configuration‐2 is 7 m × 7 m × 5 m, and the separation between the LEDs is 3.5 m, 3 m, and 2.5 m for their respective cases. Through investigation, it has been shown that when only LS signal is considered, the separation between LEDs may not be an issue because positioning error changes by a very small amount as the separation between LEDs changes. The results show that as the distance between adjacent LEDs decreases, the received signal strength for LoS and L‐R1 signals increases. However, positioning error and BER rise, while the bit rate falls. Furthermore, the positioning error Vs receiver plane height for all three cases in configuration‐1 is the same up to a height of 2.89 m, whereas the positioning error in configuration‐2 is the same up to 4.4 m for all cases. The positioning error for case‐1 decreases as the height in configuration‐1 exceeds 2.89 m. Similarly, after reaching a height of 4.4 m for case‐2, the positioning error in configuration‐2 decreases. The LoS positioning error versus semi angle of the LED as well as the FOV of the receiver has been simulated for different positions of the receiver in configuration‐1. The investigation shows that the minimum positioning error is achieved at and FOV equal to 66.660 for all the positions of the receiver in the room. Thus, before configuring a practical indoor VLC geometrical model, proper VLC configurations such as LED separation, FOV of the receiver, semi angle of LED, and receiver height should be chosen based on the room dimensions.
摘要 本文对使用不同布局的可见光通信（VLC）系统的两种不同配置的三维定位误差进行了比较分析。室内定位系统使用视线（LoS）和漫反射信号实现了接收信号强度（RSS）。配置-1 的房间大小为 5 m × 5 m × 3 m，相邻 LED 之间的距离分别为 2.5 m、2.00 m 和 1.5 m，而配置-2 的房间大小为 7 m × 7 m × 5 m，LED 之间的距离分别为 3.5 m、3 m 和 2.5 m。调查表明，当只考虑 LS 信号时，LED 之间的间距可能不是问题，因为随着 LED 间距的变化，定位误差的变化非常小。结果表明，随着相邻 LED 之间距离的减小，LoS 和 L-R1 信号的接收信号强度会增加。然而，定位误差和误码率上升，而比特率下降。此外，在配置-1 中，所有三种情况的定位误差 Vs 接收机平面高度在 2.89 米高度内是相同的，而在配置-2 中，所有情况的定位误差在 4.4 米高度内是相同的。情况-1 的定位误差随着配置-1 的高度超过 2.89 米而减小。针对配置-1 中接收器的不同位置，模拟了 LoS 定位误差与 LED 半角以及接收器 FOV 的关系。调查显示，在室内所有接收器位置上，当 FOV 等于 66.660 时，定位误差最小。因此，在配置实用的室内 VLC 几何模型之前，应根据房间尺寸选择适当的 VLC 配置，如 LED 间隔、接收器 FOV、LED 半角和接收器高度。
{"title":"Analysis of 3D positioning error for multipath indoor VLC system","authors":"Karibasappa Rangappa, Ajit Kumar","doi":"10.1002/dac.5937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5937","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryA comparative analysis of 3D positioning error for two different configurations using different layouts of visible light communication (VLC) systems is presented in this paper. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) has been implemented for indoor localization systems using Line‐of‐Sight (LoS) and diffused reflection signals. The room size for configuration‐1 is 5 m × 5 m × 3 m, and the distance between adjacent LEDs is 2.5 m, 2.00 m, and 1.5 m for cases‐1, case‐2, and case‐3, respectively, whereas the room size for configuration‐2 is 7 m × 7 m × 5 m, and the separation between the LEDs is 3.5 m, 3 m, and 2.5 m for their respective cases. Through investigation, it has been shown that when only LS signal is considered, the separation between LEDs may not be an issue because positioning error changes by a very small amount as the separation between LEDs changes. The results show that as the distance between adjacent LEDs decreases, the received signal strength for LoS and L‐R1 signals increases. However, positioning error and BER rise, while the bit rate falls. Furthermore, the positioning error Vs receiver plane height for all three cases in configuration‐1 is the same up to a height of 2.89 m, whereas the positioning error in configuration‐2 is the same up to 4.4 m for all cases. The positioning error for case‐1 decreases as the height in configuration‐1 exceeds 2.89 m. Similarly, after reaching a height of 4.4 m for case‐2, the positioning error in configuration‐2 decreases. The LoS positioning error versus semi angle of the LED as well as the FOV of the receiver has been simulated for different positions of the receiver in configuration‐1. The investigation shows that the minimum positioning error is achieved at and FOV equal to 66.66<jats:sup>0</jats:sup> for all the positions of the receiver in the room. Thus, before configuring a practical indoor VLC geometrical model, proper VLC configurations such as LED separation, FOV of the receiver, semi angle of LED, and receiver height should be chosen based on the room dimensions.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanmaya Kumar Das, Biswajit Dwivedy, Santanu Kumar Behera
SummaryIn this research work, the design and analysis of a compact microstrip antenna having a monopole structure with 64.86% of wide bandwidth is presented. The main radiator of the structure is a fractal‐based geometry with the shape of a half‐Koch snowflake, and the ground plane is partial (defected ground). The design methodology of the antenna is presented using analytical modeling, and the structure prototype is fabricated to verify the performance. Measurement outcomes confirm the −10 dB bandwidth in range of 4–7.84 GHz, thus covering approximately the C‐band with omnidirectional radiation patterns. The proposed antenna shows a peak realized gain of 3.4 dBi at 7.2 GHz and has an overall dimension of 0.33λ × 0.49λ × 0.03λ, at 5.8 GHz. The structure is found compact compared to some recently reported designs and the read range is found to be 1.98 cm at 5.8 GHz. The read range and validation of the propagation test indicate the suitability of the compact and wideband planar antenna in various short‐range reader applications.
{"title":"A modified Koch‐snowflake monopole antenna for short‐range radio frequency identification reader and C band applications","authors":"Tanmaya Kumar Das, Biswajit Dwivedy, Santanu Kumar Behera","doi":"10.1002/dac.5940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5940","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIn this research work, the design and analysis of a compact microstrip antenna having a monopole structure with 64.86% of wide bandwidth is presented. The main radiator of the structure is a fractal‐based geometry with the shape of a half‐Koch snowflake, and the ground plane is partial (defected ground). The design methodology of the antenna is presented using analytical modeling, and the structure prototype is fabricated to verify the performance. Measurement outcomes confirm the −10 dB bandwidth in range of 4–7.84 GHz, thus covering approximately the C‐band with omnidirectional radiation patterns. The proposed antenna shows a peak realized gain of 3.4 dBi at 7.2 GHz and has an overall dimension of 0.33<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> × 0.49<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> × 0.03<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>, at 5.8 GHz. The structure is found compact compared to some recently reported designs and the read range is found to be 1.98 cm at 5.8 GHz. The read range and validation of the propagation test indicate the suitability of the compact and wideband planar antenna in various short‐range reader applications.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Hindustani, Dharmendra Dixit, Sanjeev Sharma
SummaryMultiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) in a wireless system are considered to enhance performance, efficiency, and flexibility in wireless networks. In this paper, we analyze outage probability (OP) for multiple IRS panels‐assisted wireless systems over Nakagami‐ fading channels. We focus on selecting the best IRS panel to maintain the quality of service and enhance the user experience. We derive two closed‐form OP expressions using the central limit theorem and Laguerre series expansion. Additionally, we develop a novel asymptotic OP expression and obtain a novel diversity order. The diversity order of the considered system model depends on the minimum fading parameter ( ) between the transmitter‐IRS panel and IRS panel‐receiver links and the number of IRS panels. We thoroughly investigate the impact of system parameters and validate our analytical results with simulations. Our findings emphasize that diversity order depends on the minimum fading parameter ( ) between the transmitter‐IRS panel and IRS panel‐receiver links, the number of IRS elements in each panel, and the number of IRS panels.
{"title":"On the performance of multiple‐IRS aided wireless networks over Nakagami‐m$$ m $$ fading channels","authors":"R. K. Hindustani, Dharmendra Dixit, Sanjeev Sharma","doi":"10.1002/dac.5945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5945","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryMultiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) in a wireless system are considered to enhance performance, efficiency, and flexibility in wireless networks. In this paper, we analyze outage probability (OP) for multiple IRS panels‐assisted wireless systems over Nakagami‐ fading channels. We focus on selecting the best IRS panel to maintain the quality of service and enhance the user experience. We derive two closed‐form OP expressions using the central limit theorem and Laguerre series expansion. Additionally, we develop a novel asymptotic OP expression and obtain a novel diversity order. The diversity order of the considered system model depends on the minimum fading parameter ( ) between the transmitter‐IRS panel and IRS panel‐receiver links and the number of IRS panels. We thoroughly investigate the impact of system parameters and validate our analytical results with simulations. Our findings emphasize that diversity order depends on the minimum fading parameter ( ) between the transmitter‐IRS panel and IRS panel‐receiver links, the number of IRS elements in each panel, and the number of IRS panels.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Elhachi, Farouk Boumehrez, Mohamed Aymen Labiod, Salah Redadaa, Abdelhamid Mellouk
SummaryDelivering health care services in isolated rural regions through vehicular communications has recently attracted more attention. Real‐time video streaming is one of the most commonly used applications in such services. Escorting this increasing interest, there is a high demand for high‐quality streaming video in vehicular environments. However, these services face challenging network characteristics such as high dynamic topology and mobility, leading to high packet loss and degraded visual quality. This paper presents a smart approach to multi‐access terrestrial and non‐terrestrial networks (NTNs) for high‐quality and real‐time video streaming in vehicular environments to enhance healthcare services in remote areas. The proposed approach integrates a mobile telemedicine unit connected to an expert site through different channels, including satellite communication, 5 Generation (5G), and long‐term evolution (LTE) networks. A modified multipath QUIC extension (MPQUIC) was introduced to stream data hybridly through the network. Furthermore, multiple description coding (MDC) was applied to split data into two different descriptions and prioritize one over the other. Important data would be transmitted through cellular networks, and non‐priority data would be transmitted through satellite links, enhancing the reliability of video transmission. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through the use of a connected ambulance as a case study. The Mininet‐Wifi was used to emulate network conditions. The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural SIMilarity (SSIM), and video multimethod assessment fusion (VMAF) were measured to evaluate the received video quality; the received data rate and packet loss were also calculated. The obtained results show our proposed method's efficiency by reducing latency by up to 60% and improving the receiving data rate by up to 143% compared with the classical MPQUIC. The proposed system enhances video quality by up to 70%. It minimizes packet loss by up to 50% compared with the unreliable QUIC, showcasing the potential to improve m‐health services' efficiency and mobility in isolated rural regions.
{"title":"Smart cross‐layer approach to multi‐access terrestrial and non‐terrestrial networks (NTNs): Real‐time mobile‐health use case","authors":"Hana Elhachi, Farouk Boumehrez, Mohamed Aymen Labiod, Salah Redadaa, Abdelhamid Mellouk","doi":"10.1002/dac.5941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5941","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDelivering health care services in isolated rural regions through vehicular communications has recently attracted more attention. Real‐time video streaming is one of the most commonly used applications in such services. Escorting this increasing interest, there is a high demand for high‐quality streaming video in vehicular environments. However, these services face challenging network characteristics such as high dynamic topology and mobility, leading to high packet loss and degraded visual quality. This paper presents a smart approach to multi‐access terrestrial and non‐terrestrial networks (NTNs) for high‐quality and real‐time video streaming in vehicular environments to enhance healthcare services in remote areas. The proposed approach integrates a mobile telemedicine unit connected to an expert site through different channels, including satellite communication, 5 Generation (5G), and long‐term evolution (LTE) networks. A modified multipath QUIC extension (MPQUIC) was introduced to stream data hybridly through the network. Furthermore, multiple description coding (MDC) was applied to split data into two different descriptions and prioritize one over the other. Important data would be transmitted through cellular networks, and non‐priority data would be transmitted through satellite links, enhancing the reliability of video transmission. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through the use of a connected ambulance as a case study. The Mininet‐Wifi was used to emulate network conditions. The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural SIMilarity (SSIM), and video multimethod assessment fusion (VMAF) were measured to evaluate the received video quality; the received data rate and packet loss were also calculated. The obtained results show our proposed method's efficiency by reducing latency by up to 60% and improving the receiving data rate by up to 143% compared with the classical MPQUIC. The proposed system enhances video quality by up to 70%. It minimizes packet loss by up to 50% compared with the unreliable QUIC, showcasing the potential to improve m‐health services' efficiency and mobility in isolated rural regions.","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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