I. Naqid, Amer A. Balatay, N. Hussein, K. Saeed, H. Ahmed, S. H. Yousif
Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"I. Naqid, Amer A. Balatay, N. Hussein, K. Saeed, H. Ahmed, S. H. Yousif","doi":"10.5812/iji.103740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.103740","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. O. Ajayi, O. Idowu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, I. C. Eromosele, K. Eniola
Background: Plasmodium is efficiently transmitted majorly by female Anopheline mosquitoes: Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae sensus lato. A gap exists with respect to primary vector control strategies; indoor residual spray requires expertise while long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) cover early night sleepers. Objectives: To cover the time between dinner and bedtime, there are commercial insecticidal paints for control of the malaria vector. It is important to monitor the efficacy of such paints. Therefore, this study was geared toward assessing the efficacy of insecticidal paint and monitoring the potency of insecticide in the paint over time. Methods: Four rooms were painted with an insecticidal paint, and another four rooms were painted with a non-insecticidal paint. Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) was performed before the rooms were painted. Anopheles mosquito larvae collected from a breeding site were reared to adults in an insectary. Twenty-five-day-old non-blood fed female mosquitoes were exposed to the painted walls using a polyvinyl chloride cone. The knock-down of mosquitoes was monitored for 30 minutes. Mortality was decided by the inability of mosquitoes to move their legs or wings after 24 hours in the holding cup. A total of 11,520 mosquitoes were used for the study. Results: Five mosquitoes were collected from PSC prior to painting, and none were caught post painting. A 100% knock-down rate was observed for wild mosquitoes in the first two months of exposure. The efficacy of the paint decreased in the third month, with a knock-down rate of 92.5% in 10 minutes. Moreover, the knock-down rate was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the Kisumu and wild strains. Although the knock-down duration increased over time, none of the exposed mosquitoes survived. Hence, the paint is considered effective in malaria control.
{"title":"Assessment of an Insecticidal Paint for Malaria Control","authors":"O. O. Ajayi, O. Idowu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, I. C. Eromosele, K. Eniola","doi":"10.5812/iji.103253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.103253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plasmodium is efficiently transmitted majorly by female Anopheline mosquitoes: Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae sensus lato. A gap exists with respect to primary vector control strategies; indoor residual spray requires expertise while long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) cover early night sleepers. Objectives: To cover the time between dinner and bedtime, there are commercial insecticidal paints for control of the malaria vector. It is important to monitor the efficacy of such paints. Therefore, this study was geared toward assessing the efficacy of insecticidal paint and monitoring the potency of insecticide in the paint over time. Methods: Four rooms were painted with an insecticidal paint, and another four rooms were painted with a non-insecticidal paint. Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) was performed before the rooms were painted. Anopheles mosquito larvae collected from a breeding site were reared to adults in an insectary. Twenty-five-day-old non-blood fed female mosquitoes were exposed to the painted walls using a polyvinyl chloride cone. The knock-down of mosquitoes was monitored for 30 minutes. Mortality was decided by the inability of mosquitoes to move their legs or wings after 24 hours in the holding cup. A total of 11,520 mosquitoes were used for the study. Results: Five mosquitoes were collected from PSC prior to painting, and none were caught post painting. A 100% knock-down rate was observed for wild mosquitoes in the first two months of exposure. The efficacy of the paint decreased in the third month, with a knock-down rate of 92.5% in 10 minutes. Moreover, the knock-down rate was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the Kisumu and wild strains. Although the knock-down duration increased over time, none of the exposed mosquitoes survived. Hence, the paint is considered effective in malaria control.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76318408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Genital tract infection is one of the main causes of male infertility. The increasing frequency of drug resistance and side effects of antibiotics have urged researchers to seek alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, such as medicinal herbs, for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the frequency of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the semen of infertile men and investigate the antimicrobial activity of Silybum marianum extract against the isolates. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 96 infertile men who referred to the Pasteur Laboratory in Gorgan, Iran. Semen samples were first analyzed according to the World Health Organization guidelines and then underwent microbiological tests to identify pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility to S. marianum extract was evaluated using the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Moreover, the active components of the extract were identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Results: In the semen analysis, 64% of the samples had problems in the parameters of sperm count, motility, and morphology. In addition, the bacterial contamination was observed in 36% of semen samples. The most and the least common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (45%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11%), respectively. In Gram-positive isolates, S. aureus was mostly resistant to azithromycin (57%). In Gram-negative isolates, Escherichia coli was mostly resistant to gentamicin (37%). The inhibitory activity of S. marianum flower extract was significantly higher than that of S. marianum leaf extract (P < 0.01). Silybin (2.64%) and silychristin (3.07%) were the most abundant constituents of S. marianum flower extract. Conclusions: Bacterial infections play an important role in male infertility and S. marianum extract after purification can be potentially used for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant genital tract infections.
{"title":"In-vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Silybum marianum Extract on Bacterial Isolates from the Semen of Infertile Men in Iran","authors":"Elahe Nanpazi, L. Fozouni, T. Dadgar","doi":"10.5812/iji.104297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.104297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genital tract infection is one of the main causes of male infertility. The increasing frequency of drug resistance and side effects of antibiotics have urged researchers to seek alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, such as medicinal herbs, for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the frequency of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the semen of infertile men and investigate the antimicrobial activity of Silybum marianum extract against the isolates. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 96 infertile men who referred to the Pasteur Laboratory in Gorgan, Iran. Semen samples were first analyzed according to the World Health Organization guidelines and then underwent microbiological tests to identify pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility to S. marianum extract was evaluated using the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Moreover, the active components of the extract were identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Results: In the semen analysis, 64% of the samples had problems in the parameters of sperm count, motility, and morphology. In addition, the bacterial contamination was observed in 36% of semen samples. The most and the least common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (45%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11%), respectively. In Gram-positive isolates, S. aureus was mostly resistant to azithromycin (57%). In Gram-negative isolates, Escherichia coli was mostly resistant to gentamicin (37%). The inhibitory activity of S. marianum flower extract was significantly higher than that of S. marianum leaf extract (P < 0.01). Silybin (2.64%) and silychristin (3.07%) were the most abundant constituents of S. marianum flower extract. Conclusions: Bacterial infections play an important role in male infertility and S. marianum extract after purification can be potentially used for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant genital tract infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacillus-type bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), primarily affecting the lungs in countless individuals on a daily basis. Healthcare professionals are the most significantly affected group by this infection, especially at the points where healthcare is provided to infected individuals. In order to protect healthcare professionals from tuberculosis, it is very important to eliminate the lack of knowledge and to provide the necessary personal protective equipment. In this context, there are important tasks for both healthcare system managers and employees for protection from tuberculosis. Specifically, there are administrative, environmental, and respiratory tract measures.
{"title":"Protection of Health Workers From Tuberculosis","authors":"A. Acun","doi":"10.5812/iji.104698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.104698","url":null,"abstract":": Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacillus-type bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), primarily affecting the lungs in countless individuals on a daily basis. Healthcare professionals are the most significantly affected group by this infection, especially at the points where healthcare is provided to infected individuals. In order to protect healthcare professionals from tuberculosis, it is very important to eliminate the lack of knowledge and to provide the necessary personal protective equipment. In this context, there are important tasks for both healthcare system managers and employees for protection from tuberculosis. Specifically, there are administrative, environmental, and respiratory tract measures.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79918284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recombinant Antibodies Derived From Convalescent Whole Blood May Be the Answer to COVID-19","authors":"Laalithya Konduru","doi":"10.5812/iji.104463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.104463","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"45 8 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82740064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection involving skin, subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia, which has lethal outcome. Risk factorsassociatedwiththisconditionincludediabetesmellitus,anemia,andimmunosuppressivestatessuchasAIDS,orprolonged steroid use. Surgery is an independent risk factor. Serial surgical debridement with appropriate broad spectrum antibiotics is the mainstay of treatment. We are reporting two cases. First is necrotizing soft tissue infection of the anterior abdominal wall in post cesareanpatient,whichwasveryfulminantandfatal. ThesecondisFournier’sgangreneinapatientwithepisiotomyduringnormal vaginal delivery. Postpartum necrotizing soft tissue infection is very challenging and fatal. Nowadays these are very rare cases due to antibiotics.
{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Fulminant Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection in Post Partum Period: Report of Two Cases","authors":"A. Kumari, Meghraj Kundan","doi":"10.5812/iji.101258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.101258","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection involving skin, subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia, which has lethal outcome. Risk factorsassociatedwiththisconditionincludediabetesmellitus,anemia,andimmunosuppressivestatessuchasAIDS,orprolonged steroid use. Surgery is an independent risk factor. Serial surgical debridement with appropriate broad spectrum antibiotics is the mainstay of treatment. We are reporting two cases. First is necrotizing soft tissue infection of the anterior abdominal wall in post cesareanpatient,whichwasveryfulminantandfatal. ThesecondisFournier’sgangreneinapatientwithepisiotomyduringnormal vaginal delivery. Postpartum necrotizing soft tissue infection is very challenging and fatal. Nowadays these are very rare cases due to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85726918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sistani, M. Nouri, Shokrollah Mashouri, A. A. Moghaddam
Background: Acute viral hepatitis is a common infection in developing countries among children. Different diagnostic methods for acute hepatitis has been introduced. Objectives: In this study, we have determined the prevalence of sonographic signs in children with acute hepatitis. Methods: A total of 383 children with acute hepatitis were studied in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran. The sampling method was by the enumeration of the cases. Patients underwent ultrasonography in which their sonographic signs of acute hepatitis were investigated and analyzed. Results: The mean age of children was 6.1 ± 2.8 years, with 211 (55.1%) males and 172 (44.9%) females. The prevalence of gallbladder wall edema was 20.1% (77 children), periportal lymphadenopathy 15.1% (58 children), hepatomegaly 4.9% (19 children), increased liver echogenicity 53.0% (203 children), decreased liver echogenicity 15.4% (59 children), splenomegaly 1.8% (7 children), and periportal hyperechogenicity 32.4% (124 children). Conclusions: The results indicate that the most common sonographic signs of patients with acute hepatitis were increased liver echogenicity and periportal hyperechogenicity.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sonographic Signs in Children with Acute Hepatitis in Zahedan City, Southeast of Iran","authors":"S. Sistani, M. Nouri, Shokrollah Mashouri, A. A. Moghaddam","doi":"10.5812/iji.100315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.100315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute viral hepatitis is a common infection in developing countries among children. Different diagnostic methods for acute hepatitis has been introduced. Objectives: In this study, we have determined the prevalence of sonographic signs in children with acute hepatitis. Methods: A total of 383 children with acute hepatitis were studied in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran. The sampling method was by the enumeration of the cases. Patients underwent ultrasonography in which their sonographic signs of acute hepatitis were investigated and analyzed. Results: The mean age of children was 6.1 ± 2.8 years, with 211 (55.1%) males and 172 (44.9%) females. The prevalence of gallbladder wall edema was 20.1% (77 children), periportal lymphadenopathy 15.1% (58 children), hepatomegaly 4.9% (19 children), increased liver echogenicity 53.0% (203 children), decreased liver echogenicity 15.4% (59 children), splenomegaly 1.8% (7 children), and periportal hyperechogenicity 32.4% (124 children). Conclusions: The results indicate that the most common sonographic signs of patients with acute hepatitis were increased liver echogenicity and periportal hyperechogenicity.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76593736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In December 2019 the world has come to know a new coronavirus disease named COVID-19. It has affected mainland China mostly and has spread to all continents of the world except Antarctica. Patients mostly have come with a flu-like illness and non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms to a lesser extent. In most cases, home isolation is effective. However, cases of moderate to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require hospitalization and few cases need mechanical ventilation. Older adults with a pre-existing medical illness suffer more. Different newer molecular techniques are developed to confirm the diagnosis. Currently, there is no existing treatment and vaccine. Different anti-microbials are on trial. Infection prevention practice is the best for now. With its highly contagious nature and increasing panic among nations, the world is waiting for definitive newer treatment options and a potential vaccine. This narrative review has compiled the updated information about COVID-19 in the hope that it will be helpful to the medical professionals in their knowledge and be prepared for the outbreak of a pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19: The New Threat","authors":"Shaila Rahman, Tamanna Bahar","doi":"10.5812/iji.102184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.102184","url":null,"abstract":": In December 2019 the world has come to know a new coronavirus disease named COVID-19. It has affected mainland China mostly and has spread to all continents of the world except Antarctica. Patients mostly have come with a flu-like illness and non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms to a lesser extent. In most cases, home isolation is effective. However, cases of moderate to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require hospitalization and few cases need mechanical ventilation. Older adults with a pre-existing medical illness suffer more. Different newer molecular techniques are developed to confirm the diagnosis. Currently, there is no existing treatment and vaccine. Different anti-microbials are on trial. Infection prevention practice is the best for now. With its highly contagious nature and increasing panic among nations, the world is waiting for definitive newer treatment options and a potential vaccine. This narrative review has compiled the updated information about COVID-19 in the hope that it will be helpful to the medical professionals in their knowledge and be prepared for the outbreak of a pandemic.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79950049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Dougnon, H. Koudokpon, Y. Chabi, K. Fabiyi, B. Legba, J. Dougnon, L. Baba-Moussa
Background: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and infection risk assessment are important for optimizing the quality of healthcare in hospitals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and infection risks in Tertiary hospitals in Benin. Methods: Bacteriological examinations were carried out on swab samples from the hospital environment at Sakete-Ifangni Hospital and Menontin Hospital in Benin. The environmental swabs were supplemented with wound swabs from Menontin Hospital. In both hospitals, antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined by the agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that coagulase-negative staphylococci (45%) comprised the most isolated species in the environment of the Surgery and Operating Departments of Sakete-Ifangni Hospital, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.50%) and Proteus spp. (15%). At Menontin Hospital, only one specimen was sterile from wound swabs. From environmental swabs, 29 out of 45 samples were positive. Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escherichia coli (15%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (12%) were the most isolated species from wounds. Strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and Proteus mirabilis (12%) were the most common strains in swabs. The study of the adequacy of treatment of infections caused by bacteria responsible for wound suppuration showed that 52% of the wounded received appropriate antibiotic treatment. At Menontin Hospital, many isolated strains from room environment samples were found in the wounds of the patients. In both hospitals, the isolated strains were multiresistant to conventional antibiotics. Conclusions: These data show how surveillance of infection risks and antimicrobial resistance is important to prevent healthcare-associated infections.
{"title":"Infection Risks and Antimicrobial Resistance in Tertiary Hospitals in Benin: Study Cases of Sakété-Ifangni and Menontin Hospitals","authors":"V. Dougnon, H. Koudokpon, Y. Chabi, K. Fabiyi, B. Legba, J. Dougnon, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.5812/iji.99649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.99649","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and infection risk assessment are important for optimizing the quality of healthcare in hospitals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and infection risks in Tertiary hospitals in Benin. Methods: Bacteriological examinations were carried out on swab samples from the hospital environment at Sakete-Ifangni Hospital and Menontin Hospital in Benin. The environmental swabs were supplemented with wound swabs from Menontin Hospital. In both hospitals, antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined by the agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that coagulase-negative staphylococci (45%) comprised the most isolated species in the environment of the Surgery and Operating Departments of Sakete-Ifangni Hospital, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.50%) and Proteus spp. (15%). At Menontin Hospital, only one specimen was sterile from wound swabs. From environmental swabs, 29 out of 45 samples were positive. Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escherichia coli (15%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (12%) were the most isolated species from wounds. Strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and Proteus mirabilis (12%) were the most common strains in swabs. The study of the adequacy of treatment of infections caused by bacteria responsible for wound suppuration showed that 52% of the wounded received appropriate antibiotic treatment. At Menontin Hospital, many isolated strains from room environment samples were found in the wounds of the patients. In both hospitals, the isolated strains were multiresistant to conventional antibiotics. Conclusions: These data show how surveillance of infection risks and antimicrobial resistance is important to prevent healthcare-associated infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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