International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology最新文献

Cervical cancer is a common malignancy worldwide with high incidence and mortality rates in underdeveloped countries. The Pap smear test, widely used for early detection of cervical cancer, aims to minimize missed diagnoses, which sometimes results in higher false-positive rates. To enhance manual screening practices, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for classifying cervical Pap cells have been extensively researched. In our study, we introduced a DL-based method named VTCNet for the task of cervical cell classification. Our approach combines CNN-SPPF and ViT components, integrating modules like Focus and SeparableC3, to capture more potential information, extract local and global features, and merge them to enhance classification performance. We evaluated our method on the public SIPaKMeD dataset, achieving accuracies, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 97.16%, 97.22%, 97.19%, and 97.18%, respectively. We also conducted additional experiments on the Herlev dataset, where our results outperformed previous methods. The VTCNet method achieved higher classification accuracy than traditional ML or shallow DL models through this integration. Related codes: https://github.com/Camellia-0892/VTCNet/tree/main.

Multimodal neuroimaging, combining data from different sources, has shown promise in the classification of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) stage. Existing multimodal neuroimaging fusion methods exhibit certain limitations, which require advancements to enhance their objective performance, sensitivity, and specificity for AD classification. This study uses the use of a Pareto-optimal cosine color map to enhance classification performance and visual clarity of fused images. A mobile vision transformer (ViT) model, incorporating the swish activation function, is introduced for effective feature extraction and classification. Fused images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the Whole Brain Atlas (AANLIB), and Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) datasets, obtained through optimized transposed convolution, are utilized for model training, while evaluation is achieved using images that have not been fused from the same databases. The proposed model demonstrates high accuracy in AD classification across different datasets, achieving 98.76% accuracy for Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI) versus LMCI, 98.65% for Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI) versus AD, 98.60% for EMCI versus AD, and 99.25% for AD versus Cognitive Normal (CN) in the ADNI dataset. Similarly, on OASIS and AANLIB, the precision of the AD versus CN classification is 99.50% and 96.00%, respectively. Evaluation metrics showcase the model's precision, recall, and F1 score for various binary classifications, emphasizing its robust performance.

An unusual condition of the eye called diabetic retinopathy affects the human retina and is brought on by the blood's constant rise in insulin levels. Loss of vision is the result. Diabetic retinopathy can be improved by receiving an early diagnosis to prevent further damage. A cost-effective method of accumulating medical treatments is through appropriate DR screening. In this work, deep learning framework is introduced for the accurate classification of retinal diseases. The proposed method processes retinal fundus images obtained from databases, addressing noise and artifacts through an improved median filter (ImMF). It leverages the UNet++ model for precise segmentation of the disease-affected regions. UNet++ enhances feature extraction through cross-stage connections, improving segmentation results. The segmented images are then fed as input to the improved gannet optimization-based capsule DenseNet (IG-CDNet) for retinal disease classification. The hybrid capsule DenseNet (CDNet) classifies disease and is optimized using the improved gannet optimization algorithm to boost classification accuracy. Finally, the accuracy and dice score values achieved are 0.9917 and 0.9652 on the APTOS-2019 dataset.

The global impact of COVID-19 has resulted in millions of individuals being afflicted, with a staggering mortality toll of over 16 000 over a span of 2 years. The dearth of resources and diagnostic techniques has had an impact on both emerging and wealthy nations. In response to this, researchers from the domains of engineering and medicine are using deep learning methods to create automated algorithms for detecting COVID-19. This work included the development and comparison of a collaborative deep-learning model for the identification of COVID-19 using CT scan images, in comparison to previous deep learning-based methods. The model underwent an ablation study using publicly accessible COVID-19 CT imaging datasets, with encouraging outcomes. The suggested model might aid doctors and academics in devising tools to expedite the process of determining the optimal therapeutic approach for health professionals, hence reducing the risk of potential problems.

According to the World Health Organization, lung and colon cancers are known for their high mortality rates which necessitate the diagnosis of these cancers at an early stage. However, the limited availability of data such as histopathology images used for diagnosis of these cancers, poses a significant challenge while developing computer-aided detection system. This makes it necessary to keep a check on the number of parameters in the artificial intelligence (AI) model used for the detection of these cancers considering the limited availability of the data. In this work, a customised compact and efficient convolution transformer architecture, termed, C3-Transformer has been proposed for the diagnosis of colon and lung cancers using histopathological images. The proposed C3-Transformer relies on convolutional tokenisation and sequence pooling approach to keep a check on the number of parameters and to combine the advantage of convolution neural network with the advantages of transformer model. The novelty of the proposed method lies in efficient classification of colon and lung cancers using the proposed C3-Transformer architecture. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated on the ‘LC25000’ dataset. Experimental results shows that the proposed method has been able to achieve average classification accuracy, precision and recall value of 99.30%, 0.9941 and 0.9950, in classifying the five different classes of colon and lung cancer with only 0.0316 million parameters. Thus, the present computer-aided detection system developed using proposed C3-Transformer can efficiently detect the colon and lung cancers using histopathology images with high detection accuracy.

The precise delineation of glioma tumors is of paramount importance for surgical and radiotherapy planning. Presently, the primary drawbacks associated with the manual segmentation approach are its laboriousness and inefficiency. In order to tackle these challenges, a deep learning-based automatic segmentation technique was introduced to enhance the efficiency of the segmentation process. We proposed ADT-UNet, an innovative algorithm for segmenting glioma tumors in MR images. ADT-UNet leveraged attention-dense blocks and Transformer as its foundational elements. It extended the U-Net framework by incorporating the dense connection structure and attention mechanism. Additionally, a Transformer structure was introduced at the end of the encoder. Furthermore, a novel attention-guided multi-scale feature fusion module was integrated into the decoder. To enhance network stability during training, a loss function was devised that combines Dice loss and binary cross-entropy loss, effectively guiding the network optimization process. On the test set, the DSC was 0.933, the IOU was 0.878, the PPV was 0.942, and the Sen was 0.938. Ablation experiments conclusively demonstrated that the inclusion of all the three proposed modules led to enhanced segmentation accuracy within the model. The most favorable outcomes were observed when all the three modules were employed simultaneously. The proposed methodology exhibited substantial competitiveness across various evaluation indices, with the three additional modules synergistically complementing each other to collectively enhance the segmentation accuracy of the model. Consequently, it is anticipated that this method will serve as a robust tool for assisting clinicians in auxiliary diagnosis and contribute to the advancement of medical intelligence technology.

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to human health, necessitating early detection and accurate diagnosis to enhance treatment outcomes. However, centralized data collection and processing encounter challenges related to privacy breaches and data integration due to the sensitivity and diversity of brain tumor patient data. In response, this paper proposes an innovative federated learning-based approach for brain tumor detection, facilitating multicenter data sharing while safeguarding individual data privacy. Our proposed federated learning architecture features each medical center as a participant, with each retaining local data and engaging in secure communication with a central server. Within this federated migration learning framework, each medical center independently trains a base model on its local data and transmits a fraction of the model's parameters to the central server. The central server leverages these parameters for model aggregation and knowledge sharing, facilitating the exchange and migration of models among participating medical centers. This collaborative approach empowers individual medical centers to share knowledge and experiences, thereby enhancing the performance and accuracy of the brain tumor detection model. To validate our federated learning model, we conduct comprehensive evaluations using an independent test dataset, comparing its performance with traditional centralized learning approaches. The experimental results underscore the superiority of the federated learning-based brain tumor detection approach, achieving heightened detection performance compared with traditional methods while meticulously preserving data privacy. In conclusion, our study presents an innovative solution for effective data collaboration and privacy protection in the realm of brain tumor detection, holding promising clinical applications. The federated learning approach not only advances detection accuracy but also establishes a secure and privacy-preserving foundation for collaborative research in medical imaging.

Classifying fetal ultrasound images into different anatomical categories, such as the abdomen, brain, femur, thorax, and so forth can contribute to the early identification of potential anomalies or dangers during prenatal care. Ignoring major abnormalities that might lead to fetal death or permanent disability. This article proposes a novel hybrid capsule network architecture-based method for identifying fetal ultrasound images. The proposed architecture increases the precision of fetal image categorization by combining the benefits of a capsule network with a convolutional neural network. The proposed hybrid model surpasses conventional convolutional network-based techniques with an overall accuracy of 0.989 when tested on a publicly accessible dataset of prenatal ultrasound images. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid architecture is a promising approach for precisely and consistently classifying fetal ultrasound images, with potential uses in clinical settings.