Man Hung, Jeremy D. Franklin, William A. Smith, Carlos J. Crespo, Evelyn U. Ezikwelu, Jerry Bounsanga, Martin S. Lipsky
Background: This study explored whether opinions about the government’s role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic vary based on demographic characteristics and racial beliefs. We hypothesized that opinions about the United States (U.S.) government’s response to COVID-19 would differ based on an individual’s characteristics such as age, race, and racial beliefs. Methods: We utilized an Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research dataset to examine differences in opinion regarding the government’s pandemic response, considering personal characteristics and racial beliefs. Descriptive statistics depicted respondents’ characteristics, and a Chi-square test for independence assessed whether differences emerged based on racial attitude, self-reported racial identity, sex, income, education, and age. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to independently determine which characteristics were associated with differences in evaluating the government’s pandemic response. Results: The sample consisted of 1028 respondents: 47.5% male and 52.5% female. Overall, the group viewed the government unfavorably, with only 40% reporting that the government responded correctly and 54% believing the government is almost always wasteful and inefficient. Hispanics or Latinos were more likely to view the government as wasteful or inefficient, while more Whites rated the government’s pandemic response as appropriate. Individuals who believed that racial discrimination is the main reason why many Black people cannot get ahead generally regarded the government’s pandemic response more favorably. Only 5% deemed the government’s response excessive. Being Black, younger, and female was associated with the view that racial discrimination is the main reason why many Black people cannot get ahead. Individuals who felt this way viewed the government unfavorably by almost a 2:1 ratio. Conclusions: A majority of U.S. residents do not believe the government responded correctly to the pandemic and more than half viewed the government as wasteful and inefficient. Differences emerged by ethnicity and racial attitudes, with individuals of color holding more negative views of the government’s response. Understanding this perspective can help develop messaging and strategies that resonate with communities where racial and minority groups live.
研究背景本研究探讨了人们对政府在应对 COVID-19 大流行病中所扮演角色的看法是否会因人口特征和种族信仰而有所不同。我们假设，对美国政府应对 COVID-19 的看法会因个人的年龄、种族和种族信仰等特征而有所不同。研究方法：我们利用大学间政治与社会研究联合会（Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research）的数据集研究了个人特征和种族信仰对政府应对大流行病的看法差异。描述性统计描述了受访者的特征，而独立的卡方检验则评估了种族态度、自我报告的种族身份、性别、收入、教育程度和年龄是否会产生差异。我们还进行了逻辑回归分析，以独立确定哪些特征与评价政府大流行病应对措施的差异有关。结果样本由 1028 名受访者组成：男性占 47.5%，女性占 52.5%。总体而言，该群体对政府的看法不佳，只有 40% 的人认为政府的应对措施正确，54% 的人认为政府几乎总是浪费和效率低下。西班牙裔或拉美裔更倾向于认为政府浪费或效率低下，而更多的白人认为政府的大流行病应对措施是恰当的。认为种族歧视是许多黑人无法出人头地的主要原因的人一般对政府的大流行病应对措施评价较高。只有 5%的人认为政府的应对措施过度。黑人、年轻和女性与种族歧视是许多黑人无法出人头地的主要原因这一观点有关。持这种观点的人对政府的负面看法几乎达到了 2:1。结论大多数美国居民不认为政府对大流行病做出了正确的反应，一半以上的人认为政府浪费和效率低下。不同民族和种族的态度出现了差异，有色人种对政府的应对措施持更消极的看法。了解这一观点有助于制定能引起种族和少数民族群体所在社区共鸣的信息和策略。
{"title":"Racial Attitudes and Perceptions of Government Response during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Public Health Strategies","authors":"Man Hung, Jeremy D. Franklin, William A. Smith, Carlos J. Crespo, Evelyn U. Ezikwelu, Jerry Bounsanga, Martin S. Lipsky","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study explored whether opinions about the government’s role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic vary based on demographic characteristics and racial beliefs. We hypothesized that opinions about the United States (U.S.) government’s response to COVID-19 would differ based on an individual’s characteristics such as age, race, and racial beliefs. Methods: We utilized an Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research dataset to examine differences in opinion regarding the government’s pandemic response, considering personal characteristics and racial beliefs. Descriptive statistics depicted respondents’ characteristics, and a Chi-square test for independence assessed whether differences emerged based on racial attitude, self-reported racial identity, sex, income, education, and age. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to independently determine which characteristics were associated with differences in evaluating the government’s pandemic response. Results: The sample consisted of 1028 respondents: 47.5% male and 52.5% female. Overall, the group viewed the government unfavorably, with only 40% reporting that the government responded correctly and 54% believing the government is almost always wasteful and inefficient. Hispanics or Latinos were more likely to view the government as wasteful or inefficient, while more Whites rated the government’s pandemic response as appropriate. Individuals who believed that racial discrimination is the main reason why many Black people cannot get ahead generally regarded the government’s pandemic response more favorably. Only 5% deemed the government’s response excessive. Being Black, younger, and female was associated with the view that racial discrimination is the main reason why many Black people cannot get ahead. Individuals who felt this way viewed the government unfavorably by almost a 2:1 ratio. Conclusions: A majority of U.S. residents do not believe the government responded correctly to the pandemic and more than half viewed the government as wasteful and inefficient. Differences emerged by ethnicity and racial attitudes, with individuals of color holding more negative views of the government’s response. Understanding this perspective can help develop messaging and strategies that resonate with communities where racial and minority groups live.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carissa R. Smock, Courtney L. Schultz, Jeanette Gustat, Robby Layton, Sandy J. Slater
Although perceptions and uses vary, nature-based health interventions (NBHIs) help facilitate the additional health benefits of physical activity (PA) experienced in nature, thereby reducing all-cause morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was to better understand perceptions, terminology, and participation in NBHIs. A questionnaire was developed by reviewing validated instruments and gauging expert experience with stakeholders. Distributed electronically, a community partner listserv promoting active living served as the population. Quantitative questionnaire measures assessed familiarity with NBHI terms, concepts, experience, how NBHI should be used, and the importance of NBHI components. Qualitative themes included the strengths and weaknesses of NBHIs. Participants (n = 53) were familiar with the terms nature play (82%), forest bathing (78%), and park and nature prescriptions (74%) and moderately familiar with NBHIs (5-point Likert scale, M = 3.27, SD = 1.17). Most thought NBHIs could be useful in treating physical (96%) and mental health conditions (100%) and would follow or write one (80%). The location was reported as the most important component, followed by access, social comfort, dosage, and ongoing support. This study suggests stakeholders are familiar with and support NBHIs conceptually; however, policies, support, and funding opportunities are needed to operationalize components to increase use of NBHIs.
{"title":"Perceptions of Knowledge and Experience in Nature-Based Health Interventions","authors":"Carissa R. Smock, Courtney L. Schultz, Jeanette Gustat, Robby Layton, Sandy J. Slater","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091182","url":null,"abstract":"Although perceptions and uses vary, nature-based health interventions (NBHIs) help facilitate the additional health benefits of physical activity (PA) experienced in nature, thereby reducing all-cause morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was to better understand perceptions, terminology, and participation in NBHIs. A questionnaire was developed by reviewing validated instruments and gauging expert experience with stakeholders. Distributed electronically, a community partner listserv promoting active living served as the population. Quantitative questionnaire measures assessed familiarity with NBHI terms, concepts, experience, how NBHI should be used, and the importance of NBHI components. Qualitative themes included the strengths and weaknesses of NBHIs. Participants (n = 53) were familiar with the terms nature play (82%), forest bathing (78%), and park and nature prescriptions (74%) and moderately familiar with NBHIs (5-point Likert scale, M = 3.27, SD = 1.17). Most thought NBHIs could be useful in treating physical (96%) and mental health conditions (100%) and would follow or write one (80%). The location was reported as the most important component, followed by access, social comfort, dosage, and ongoing support. This study suggests stakeholders are familiar with and support NBHIs conceptually; however, policies, support, and funding opportunities are needed to operationalize components to increase use of NBHIs.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the post-pandemic context, there has been an increasing demand for technology-based interventions in education and healthcare systems, such as augmented and mixed reality technologies. Despite the promising outcomes of applying mixed reality (MR), there is limited aggregated evidence focusing on child–patient interventions in hospital-based or clinical settings. This literature review aimed to identify and synthesize existing knowledge on MR technologies applied to pediatric patients in healthcare settings. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years that address the application of augmented and/or MR technologies in pediatric hospital settings or clinical environments to improve patient and family outcomes. A total of 45 articles were identified, and following a rigorous screening and eligibility process, 4 review articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. From these reviews, 10 studies with relevant interventions and measured effects were extracted. The extracted studies were analyzed based on eight key attributes: country of origin, study design, characteristics of the study population, primary clinical setting, type of MR device used, nature of the intervention, variables measured, and significant effects observed in the outcome variables. The analysis revealed diverse approaches across different clinical settings, with a common focus on improving both emotional well-being and learning outcomes in pediatric patients and their families. These findings suggest that MR-based pediatric interventions generally provide children and their parents with positive emotional experiences, enhancing both learning and treatment outcomes. However, the studies reviewed were heterogeneous and varied significantly in terms of clinical settings and MR applications. Future research should focus on developing more controlled study designs that specifically target the pediatric population to strengthen the evidence base for MR interventions in healthcare.
在大流行后的背景下，教育和医疗保健系统对基于技术的干预措施（如增强和混合现实技术）的需求日益增长。尽管应用混合现实技术（MR）取得了可喜的成果，但侧重于医院或临床环境中儿童患者干预措施的综合证据却十分有限。本文献综述旨在识别和综合有关医疗机构中应用于儿科患者的混合现实技术的现有知识。按照系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，我们对 Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了全面检索，以确定过去 10 年中发表的有关在儿科医院环境或临床环境中应用增强和/或磁共振技术以改善患者和家庭预后的文章。共确定了 45 篇文章，经过严格的筛选和资格审查程序，选出了 4 篇综述文章进行定性综合。从这些综述中提取了 10 项具有相关干预措施和测量效果的研究。我们根据以下八个关键属性对提取的研究进行了分析：来源国、研究设计、研究人群的特征、主要临床环境、使用的磁共振设备类型、干预的性质、测量的变量以及在结果变量中观察到的显著效果。分析结果表明，不同的临床环境采用了不同的方法，其共同点是改善儿科患者及其家属的情绪和学习效果。这些研究结果表明，基于磁共振成像的儿科干预通常能为儿童及其家长提供积极的情感体验，从而提高学习和治疗效果。不过，所回顾的研究内容各不相同，在临床环境和磁共振应用方面也有很大差异。未来的研究应侧重于开发更多专门针对儿科人群的对照研究设计，以加强 MR 干预在医疗保健中的证据基础。
{"title":"Mixed Reality in Clinical Settings for Pediatric Patients and Their Families: A Literature Review","authors":"Jae Eun Sin, Ah Rim Kim","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091185","url":null,"abstract":"In the post-pandemic context, there has been an increasing demand for technology-based interventions in education and healthcare systems, such as augmented and mixed reality technologies. Despite the promising outcomes of applying mixed reality (MR), there is limited aggregated evidence focusing on child–patient interventions in hospital-based or clinical settings. This literature review aimed to identify and synthesize existing knowledge on MR technologies applied to pediatric patients in healthcare settings. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years that address the application of augmented and/or MR technologies in pediatric hospital settings or clinical environments to improve patient and family outcomes. A total of 45 articles were identified, and following a rigorous screening and eligibility process, 4 review articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. From these reviews, 10 studies with relevant interventions and measured effects were extracted. The extracted studies were analyzed based on eight key attributes: country of origin, study design, characteristics of the study population, primary clinical setting, type of MR device used, nature of the intervention, variables measured, and significant effects observed in the outcome variables. The analysis revealed diverse approaches across different clinical settings, with a common focus on improving both emotional well-being and learning outcomes in pediatric patients and their families. These findings suggest that MR-based pediatric interventions generally provide children and their parents with positive emotional experiences, enhancing both learning and treatment outcomes. However, the studies reviewed were heterogeneous and varied significantly in terms of clinical settings and MR applications. Future research should focus on developing more controlled study designs that specifically target the pediatric population to strengthen the evidence base for MR interventions in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the Canadian Housing Survey, 2018–2019, we examined self-reported general and mental health among tenants residing in various housing types, including cooperative, non-profit, government, and private housing. Adjusting for confounders, we discovered that tenants in not-for-profit housing reported the highest odds, over four and half times (odds ratio 4.63), of poor general health compared to tenants in privately owned housing in Canada. On the other hand, the odds were reversed for tenants in cooperative housing and government housing, with 24% and 33% lower odds of poor general health, respectively, compared to tenants in privately owned housing. Moreover, we found that tenants in not-for-profit (1.26) and government housing (1.43) reported higher odds of poor mental health. On the other hand, tenants in cooperative housing reported 42% lower odds of poor mental health than tenants in privately owned housing. Furthermore, we observed variations in the odds of poor general and poor mental health among tenants from different equity-seeking groups across different housing types. These findings highlight the importance of considering housing type and equity factors in understanding health outcomes among tenants.
{"title":"Rental Housing Type and Self-Reported General Health and Mental Health Status: Evidence from the Canadian Housing Survey 2018–2019","authors":"Shirmin Bintay Kader, Md Sabbir Ahmed, Kristen Desjarlais-deKlerk, Xavier Leloup, Laurence Simard, Catherine Leviten-Reid, Nazeem Muhajarine","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091181","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Canadian Housing Survey, 2018–2019, we examined self-reported general and mental health among tenants residing in various housing types, including cooperative, non-profit, government, and private housing. Adjusting for confounders, we discovered that tenants in not-for-profit housing reported the highest odds, over four and half times (odds ratio 4.63), of poor general health compared to tenants in privately owned housing in Canada. On the other hand, the odds were reversed for tenants in cooperative housing and government housing, with 24% and 33% lower odds of poor general health, respectively, compared to tenants in privately owned housing. Moreover, we found that tenants in not-for-profit (1.26) and government housing (1.43) reported higher odds of poor mental health. On the other hand, tenants in cooperative housing reported 42% lower odds of poor mental health than tenants in privately owned housing. Furthermore, we observed variations in the odds of poor general and poor mental health among tenants from different equity-seeking groups across different housing types. These findings highlight the importance of considering housing type and equity factors in understanding health outcomes among tenants.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipa Maria Reinhardt Andrade, Ana Resende, Maria Clara Roquette-Viana, Amélia Simões Figueiredo
The situation/risk of family homelessness presents multiple interrelated issues. It has considerable negative consequences, namely the deterioration of the family members’ health and well-being, and alterations in the family’s dynamics, with parents sometimes being separated from their children. The aim of this research was to understand how parenting takes place in families experiencing, or at risk of, homelessness. The conducted study falls within the qualitative paradigm, using Strauss and Corbin’s version of the Grounded Theory methodology. Three main categories emerged, supported by all the participating families: “Meaning of Parenthood”, “Key Events”, and “Transition Circumstances”. These categories were translated into facilitating/inhibiting factors, within the following dimensions: “Individual”, “Family”, and “Society”. We were able to conclude that, in the population under study, parenting is restricted, being mostly exerted in a remote manner. Furthermore, it takes on different forms, depending on the specific homelessness situation/risk. In families at risk of homelessness, we identified “Remote Parenting with Maintained Parental Authority”, as well as “Restricted Parenting”, when the children still lived with their parents. On the other hand, in families experiencing homelessness, we identified “Remote Parenting with Maintained Parental Authority”, “Unilateral Remote Parenting”, “Interrupted Parenting”, and the “Total Disruption of Parenting”.
{"title":"Remote Parenting in Families Experiencing, or at Risk of, Homelessness: A Study Based on Grounded Theory","authors":"Filipa Maria Reinhardt Andrade, Ana Resende, Maria Clara Roquette-Viana, Amélia Simões Figueiredo","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091184","url":null,"abstract":"The situation/risk of family homelessness presents multiple interrelated issues. It has considerable negative consequences, namely the deterioration of the family members’ health and well-being, and alterations in the family’s dynamics, with parents sometimes being separated from their children. The aim of this research was to understand how parenting takes place in families experiencing, or at risk of, homelessness. The conducted study falls within the qualitative paradigm, using Strauss and Corbin’s version of the Grounded Theory methodology. Three main categories emerged, supported by all the participating families: “Meaning of Parenthood”, “Key Events”, and “Transition Circumstances”. These categories were translated into facilitating/inhibiting factors, within the following dimensions: “Individual”, “Family”, and “Society”. We were able to conclude that, in the population under study, parenting is restricted, being mostly exerted in a remote manner. Furthermore, it takes on different forms, depending on the specific homelessness situation/risk. In families at risk of homelessness, we identified “Remote Parenting with Maintained Parental Authority”, as well as “Restricted Parenting”, when the children still lived with their parents. On the other hand, in families experiencing homelessness, we identified “Remote Parenting with Maintained Parental Authority”, “Unilateral Remote Parenting”, “Interrupted Parenting”, and the “Total Disruption of Parenting”.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the rate of international marriage increases, the adaptation of multicultural families and their children—multicultural adolescents—remains an issue requiring continuous monitoring, support, and improvement. This study investigates the mediating effects of parental support on the relationship between bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem among multicultural adolescents. Data are derived from 1197 high school sophomores, all of whom were multicultural adolescents, surveyed by the National Youth Policy Institute in 2018. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression were used during data analysis. Bicultural acceptance attitude, parental support, and self-esteem all showed mutual positive correlations. Parental support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem. Multicultural adolescents exposed to both parent’s cultures are more likely to develop positive self-esteem and a healthy personality if they receive the support of their parents. The self-esteem of multicultural adolescents can be improved by implementing measures to nurture a bicultural acceptance attitude and parental support.
{"title":"The Relationship between Bicultural Acceptance Attitude and Self-Esteem among Multicultural Adolescents: The Mediating Effects of Parental Support","authors":"Youn-Joo Um","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091175","url":null,"abstract":"As the rate of international marriage increases, the adaptation of multicultural families and their children—multicultural adolescents—remains an issue requiring continuous monitoring, support, and improvement. This study investigates the mediating effects of parental support on the relationship between bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem among multicultural adolescents. Data are derived from 1197 high school sophomores, all of whom were multicultural adolescents, surveyed by the National Youth Policy Institute in 2018. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression were used during data analysis. Bicultural acceptance attitude, parental support, and self-esteem all showed mutual positive correlations. Parental support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem. Multicultural adolescents exposed to both parent’s cultures are more likely to develop positive self-esteem and a healthy personality if they receive the support of their parents. The self-esteem of multicultural adolescents can be improved by implementing measures to nurture a bicultural acceptance attitude and parental support.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young Sang Lyu, Youngmin Yoon, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim
We aimed to examine the correlation between periodontitis and body size phenotypes in 7301 participants without diagnosed chronic diseases in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015. The participants were categorized into the following body size phenotype groups based on body mass index and the presence of metabolic syndrome: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically abnormal normal weight (MANW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). The prevalence rates of mild and severe periodontitis were 18.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Patients with periodontitis were older, current smokers, had a lower family income, were less likely to engage in regular tooth brushing or exercise, and had a higher body mass index and glucose levels. Periodontitis was more prevalent in the MANW and MAO groups than in the MHNW and MHO groups. Compared with the MHNW phenotype, the MAO and MANW phenotypes were significantly associated with mild and severe periodontitis, and the MHO phenotype was significantly associated with mild periodontitis. The MANW and MAO phenotypes are independent risk factors for periodontitis in adults without diagnosed chronic diseases. To enhance public health, a greater focus and effective approaches for identifying metabolic disease phenotypes among individuals with periodontal disease may be clinically relevant.
{"title":"The Effect of Periodontitis on Body Size Phenotypes in Adults without Diagnosed Chronic Diseases: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015","authors":"Young Sang Lyu, Youngmin Yoon, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091180","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to examine the correlation between periodontitis and body size phenotypes in 7301 participants without diagnosed chronic diseases in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015. The participants were categorized into the following body size phenotype groups based on body mass index and the presence of metabolic syndrome: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically abnormal normal weight (MANW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). The prevalence rates of mild and severe periodontitis were 18.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Patients with periodontitis were older, current smokers, had a lower family income, were less likely to engage in regular tooth brushing or exercise, and had a higher body mass index and glucose levels. Periodontitis was more prevalent in the MANW and MAO groups than in the MHNW and MHO groups. Compared with the MHNW phenotype, the MAO and MANW phenotypes were significantly associated with mild and severe periodontitis, and the MHO phenotype was significantly associated with mild periodontitis. The MANW and MAO phenotypes are independent risk factors for periodontitis in adults without diagnosed chronic diseases. To enhance public health, a greater focus and effective approaches for identifying metabolic disease phenotypes among individuals with periodontal disease may be clinically relevant.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinzia Guarnaccia, Abdul Rahman Rasho, Benoit Testé, Sylvain Delouvée
(1) Background: This study investigates the influence of social networks on young adults, focusing on both positive and negative impacts. It considers problematic social networking site use (PSNSU), emotional intelligence, empathy, and the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). (2) Methods: A comprehensive online survey was conducted with 442 participants aged 18 to 30 years that used various psychometric tools to assess emotional intelligence, empathy, internet and social media use, and FoMO. (3) Results: The study revealed that young adults display low competencies in emotional intelligence and empathy, with a tendency towards problematic internet and social media use. High FoMO scores were observed, correlating with negative internet use outcomes. Gender differences in these aspects were also explored. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest a complex interaction between social network use, emotional skills, and FoMO that impacts young adults’ mental health and social behaviors. This study highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of these relationships and their implications for well-being and social interaction in the digital age.
{"title":"Beyond the Screen: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emotional Skills and Social Networking in French Young Adults","authors":"Cinzia Guarnaccia, Abdul Rahman Rasho, Benoit Testé, Sylvain Delouvée","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091176","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: This study investigates the influence of social networks on young adults, focusing on both positive and negative impacts. It considers problematic social networking site use (PSNSU), emotional intelligence, empathy, and the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). (2) Methods: A comprehensive online survey was conducted with 442 participants aged 18 to 30 years that used various psychometric tools to assess emotional intelligence, empathy, internet and social media use, and FoMO. (3) Results: The study revealed that young adults display low competencies in emotional intelligence and empathy, with a tendency towards problematic internet and social media use. High FoMO scores were observed, correlating with negative internet use outcomes. Gender differences in these aspects were also explored. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest a complex interaction between social network use, emotional skills, and FoMO that impacts young adults’ mental health and social behaviors. This study highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of these relationships and their implications for well-being and social interaction in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Smartphones, internet access, and social media represent a new form of problematic behavior and can affect how teens sleep. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed to examine the prevalence and association of problematic internet use and problematic smartphone use with sleep quality in a non-probability sample of 190 high school students in Mexico. The internet-related experiences questionnaire (IREQ), the mobile-related experiences questionnaire (MREQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. Results: The study revealed that 66% of participants exhibited some form of problematic internet use, primarily in the form of social media use; 68% had some form of problematic smartphone use, and 84% reported poor sleep quality. The PSQI score was most accurately predicted by problematic smartphone use (MREQ), followed by enrollment in the morning school shift, participation in sports, the father’s education level, and knowledge that “smartphone use disturbs sleep”, which together explained 23% of the variation in sleep quality. Conclusions: Excessive smartphone use may negatively affect sleep quality in adolescents. We recommended that interventions be implemented to educate adolescents about appropriate and healthy use of technology, in parallel with the promotion of preventive sleep habits.
{"title":"Problematic Use of Smartphones and Social Media on Sleep Quality of High School Students in Mexico City","authors":"Cristopher Martín Olivares-Guido, Silvia Aracely Tafoya, Mónica Beatriz Aburto-Arciniega, Benjamín Guerrero-López, Claudia Diaz-Olavarrieta","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smartphones, internet access, and social media represent a new form of problematic behavior and can affect how teens sleep. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed to examine the prevalence and association of problematic internet use and problematic smartphone use with sleep quality in a non-probability sample of 190 high school students in Mexico. The internet-related experiences questionnaire (IREQ), the mobile-related experiences questionnaire (MREQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. Results: The study revealed that 66% of participants exhibited some form of problematic internet use, primarily in the form of social media use; 68% had some form of problematic smartphone use, and 84% reported poor sleep quality. The PSQI score was most accurately predicted by problematic smartphone use (MREQ), followed by enrollment in the morning school shift, participation in sports, the father’s education level, and knowledge that “smartphone use disturbs sleep”, which together explained 23% of the variation in sleep quality. Conclusions: Excessive smartphone use may negatively affect sleep quality in adolescents. We recommended that interventions be implemented to educate adolescents about appropriate and healthy use of technology, in parallel with the promotion of preventive sleep habits.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beth A. Bailey, Michelle Azar, Katherine Nadolski, Phoebe Dodge
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use in pregnancy is common, but potential effects on fetal development are largely unknown. This study’s goal was to examine the association between e-cig exposure and fetal growth. Data were extracted from medical charts in this single-site retrospective study. The sample, excluding those with known tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug, opioid, and benzodiazepine use, contained women who used e-cigs throughout pregnancy and non-e-cig user controls. Fetal size measurements from second- and third-trimester ultrasounds and at birth were expressed as percentiles for gestational age. Following adjustment for confounding factors, in the second trimester, only femur length was significant, with an adjusted deficit of 11.5 percentile points for e-cig exposure compared to controls. By the third trimester, the femur length difference was 28.5 points, with the fetal weight difference also significant (17.2 points). At birth, all three size parameter differences between groups were significant. Significant size deficits were predicted by prenatal e-cig exposure, becoming larger and impacting more parameters with increasing gestation. While additional studies are warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, this study adds to emerging data pointing to specific harms following e-cig exposure in pregnancy and suggests that e-cigs may not be a “safer” alternative to combustible cigarette smoking in pregnancy.
{"title":"Fetal Growth Following Electronic Cigarette Use in Pregnancy","authors":"Beth A. Bailey, Michelle Azar, Katherine Nadolski, Phoebe Dodge","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21091179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091179","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use in pregnancy is common, but potential effects on fetal development are largely unknown. This study’s goal was to examine the association between e-cig exposure and fetal growth. Data were extracted from medical charts in this single-site retrospective study. The sample, excluding those with known tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug, opioid, and benzodiazepine use, contained women who used e-cigs throughout pregnancy and non-e-cig user controls. Fetal size measurements from second- and third-trimester ultrasounds and at birth were expressed as percentiles for gestational age. Following adjustment for confounding factors, in the second trimester, only femur length was significant, with an adjusted deficit of 11.5 percentile points for e-cig exposure compared to controls. By the third trimester, the femur length difference was 28.5 points, with the fetal weight difference also significant (17.2 points). At birth, all three size parameter differences between groups were significant. Significant size deficits were predicted by prenatal e-cig exposure, becoming larger and impacting more parameters with increasing gestation. While additional studies are warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, this study adds to emerging data pointing to specific harms following e-cig exposure in pregnancy and suggests that e-cigs may not be a “safer” alternative to combustible cigarette smoking in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14044,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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