Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.08
S. Mohamadzadeh, M. Ghayedi, S. Pasban, A. K. Shafiei
One of the most serious causes of disease in the world's population, which kills many people worldwide every year, is heart attack. Various factors are involved in this matter, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, abnormal pulse rate, diabetes, etc. Various methods have been proposed in this field, but in this article, by using sparse codes in the classification process, higher accuracy has been achieved in predicting heart attacks. The proposed method consists of two parts: preprocessing and sparse code processing. The proposed method is resistant to noise and data scattering because it uses a sparse representation for this purpose. The spars allow the signal to be displayed at its lowest value, which leads to improve computing speed and reduce storage requirements. To evaluate the proposed method, the Cleveland database has been used, which includes 303 samples and each sample has 76 features. Only 13 features are used in the proposed method. FISTA, AMP, DALM and PALM classifiers have been used for the classification process. The accuracy of the proposed method, especially with the PALM classifier, is the highest among other classifiers with 96.23%, and the other classifiers are 95.08%, 94.11% and 94.52% for DALM, AMP, FISTA, respectively.
{"title":"Algorithm of Predicting Heart Attack with using Sparse Coder","authors":"S. Mohamadzadeh, M. Ghayedi, S. Pasban, A. K. Shafiei","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.08","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most serious causes of disease in the world's population, which kills many people worldwide every year, is heart attack. Various factors are involved in this matter, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, abnormal pulse rate, diabetes, etc. Various methods have been proposed in this field, but in this article, by using sparse codes in the classification process, higher accuracy has been achieved in predicting heart attacks. The proposed method consists of two parts: preprocessing and sparse code processing. The proposed method is resistant to noise and data scattering because it uses a sparse representation for this purpose. The spars allow the signal to be displayed at its lowest value, which leads to improve computing speed and reduce storage requirements. To evaluate the proposed method, the Cleveland database has been used, which includes 303 samples and each sample has 76 features. Only 13 features are used in the proposed method. FISTA, AMP, DALM and PALM classifiers have been used for the classification process. The accuracy of the proposed method, especially with the PALM classifier, is the highest among other classifiers with 96.23%, and the other classifiers are 95.08%, 94.11% and 94.52% for DALM, AMP, FISTA, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.07
L. A. Yaseen, A. Ebadi, A. A. Abdoos
Numerous methods exist to distinguish between inrush current and internal faults, but these approaches have not yet become practical due to their inherent limitations. As a result, conventional methods, despite their well-known drawbacks, continue to be widely used in practice. In this paper, a new method based on time-frequency analysis is presented for detecting inrush current situations. To do this, a diverse array of scenarios involving a power transformer switching ON and internal fault cases are simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Then, a hyperbolic S-transformer is employed to extract a determining index from the simulation results. Finally, a suitable threshold value for this index is computed so that inrush current can be distinguished from fault current by comparing the index with its threshold. Evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed method using simulation and real data confirms its excellent accuracy. Therefore, it can be used in algorithms for power transformer differential protection to improve their stability during inrush current transients.
{"title":"Discrimination between Inrush and Internal Fault Currents in Power Transformers Using Hyperbolic S-Transform","authors":"L. A. Yaseen, A. Ebadi, A. A. Abdoos","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.07","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous methods exist to distinguish between inrush current and internal faults, but these approaches have not yet become practical due to their inherent limitations. As a result, conventional methods, despite their well-known drawbacks, continue to be widely used in practice. In this paper, a new method based on time-frequency analysis is presented for detecting inrush current situations. To do this, a diverse array of scenarios involving a power transformer switching ON and internal fault cases are simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Then, a hyperbolic S-transformer is employed to extract a determining index from the simulation results. Finally, a suitable threshold value for this index is computed so that inrush current can be distinguished from fault current by comparing the index with its threshold. Evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed method using simulation and real data confirms its excellent accuracy. Therefore, it can be used in algorithms for power transformer differential protection to improve their stability during inrush current transients.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.03
S. Dhouib
The wireless sensor networks represent a wide range of potential application, they are composed of a set of energy-constrained sensors used for detecting events and then sending information. In this paper, the novel metaheuristic Dhouib-Matrix-4 (DM4) is enhanced to optimize the coverage repair policies for wireless sensor networks using a mobile robot with different moving speeds. Hierarchically, two conflicted criteria are considered: at first the number of sensors to be visited in time is maximized, then at second, the trajectory distance of the mobile robot is minimized. Therefore, maximizing the lifetime of sensors and minimizing the path of the mobile robot is a challenging issue. DM4 is a multi-start method which uses at each start the novel greedy heuristic Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 in order to generate an initial basic feasible solution which will be intensified by the new local search technique entitled Far-to-Near. DM4 is applied on several TSP-LIB standard instances from the literature where the moving speed (w) of a mobile actor varied from 0.4 to 1. The performance of DM4 is proven by comparing its results to those generated by the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). DM4 is developed under Python programming language and a graphical representation of the generated solution is illustrated.
{"title":"Hierarchical Coverage Repair Policies Optimization by Dhouib-Matrix-4 Metaheuristic for Wireless Sensor Networks using Mobile Robot","authors":"S. Dhouib","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.03","url":null,"abstract":"The wireless sensor networks represent a wide range of potential application, they are composed of a set of energy-constrained sensors used for detecting events and then sending information. In this paper, the novel metaheuristic Dhouib-Matrix-4 (DM4) is enhanced to optimize the coverage repair policies for wireless sensor networks using a mobile robot with different moving speeds. Hierarchically, two conflicted criteria are considered: at first the number of sensors to be visited in time is maximized, then at second, the trajectory distance of the mobile robot is minimized. Therefore, maximizing the lifetime of sensors and minimizing the path of the mobile robot is a challenging issue. DM4 is a multi-start method which uses at each start the novel greedy heuristic Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 in order to generate an initial basic feasible solution which will be intensified by the new local search technique entitled Far-to-Near. DM4 is applied on several TSP-LIB standard instances from the literature where the moving speed (w) of a mobile actor varied from 0.4 to 1. The performance of DM4 is proven by comparing its results to those generated by the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). DM4 is developed under Python programming language and a graphical representation of the generated solution is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135911112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.14
P. Aleksander G., T. Yifan, Z. Fuming
The study of factors influencing the performance of PE pipe against rapid crack expansion is of great significance for the safe use of PE pipe. This paper analyzes the role of each step in the algorithm based on the theoretical basis of random forest, and proposes an improved random forest method based on recursive feature elimination by changing the node splitting rules to address the shortcomings of the random forest classification accuracy. The method is used to analyze the effect of rapid crack expansion of PE pipe in terms of pipe size and wall thickness, impact knife speed, and notched impact strength of simply supported beams. Under the same conditions, the extended crack lengths of DN260, DN150 and DN65 pipes are 197, 164 and 128 mm, respectively, while the crack lengths of PE80 pipes are 24, 210 and 239 mm at impact knife speeds of 10, 15 and 20 m/s, respectively. The higher the notched impact strength of the simple beam, the higher the critical pressure value and the better the RCP resistance. The study of rapid crack expansion of PE pipe based on deep learning algorithm can identify the main internal and external factors affecting the RCP resistance of PE pipe and provide a solid basis for PE pipe life prediction.
研究影响PE管材抗快速裂纹扩展性能的因素，对PE管材的安全使用具有重要意义。本文基于随机森林的理论基础，分析了算法中每一步的作用，并通过改变节点分裂规则，提出了一种基于递归特征消除的改进随机森林方法，以解决随机森林分类精度的不足。采用该方法分析了PE管快速裂纹扩展对管径、壁厚、冲击刀速、简支梁缺口冲击强度的影响。相同条件下，冲击刀速度为10、15和20 m/s时，DN260、DN150和DN65管材的扩展裂纹长度分别为197、164和128 mm, PE80管材的扩展裂纹长度分别为24、210和239 mm。简支梁的缺口冲击强度越高，临界压力值越高，抗RCP性能越好。基于深度学习算法的PE管快速裂纹扩展研究可以识别影响PE管抗RCP阻力的主要内外因素，为PE管寿命预测提供坚实的依据。
{"title":"Predicting Service Life of Polyethylene Pipes under Crack Expansion using \"Random Forest\" Method","authors":"P. Aleksander G., T. Yifan, Z. Fuming","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study of factors influencing the performance of PE pipe against rapid crack expansion is of great significance for the safe use of PE pipe. This paper analyzes the role of each step in the algorithm based on the theoretical basis of random forest, and proposes an improved random forest method based on recursive feature elimination by changing the node splitting rules to address the shortcomings of the random forest classification accuracy. The method is used to analyze the effect of rapid crack expansion of PE pipe in terms of pipe size and wall thickness, impact knife speed, and notched impact strength of simply supported beams. Under the same conditions, the extended crack lengths of DN260, DN150 and DN65 pipes are 197, 164 and 128 mm, respectively, while the crack lengths of PE80 pipes are 24, 210 and 239 mm at impact knife speeds of 10, 15 and 20 m/s, respectively. The higher the notched impact strength of the simple beam, the higher the critical pressure value and the better the RCP resistance. The study of rapid crack expansion of PE pipe based on deep learning algorithm can identify the main internal and external factors affecting the RCP resistance of PE pipe and provide a solid basis for PE pipe life prediction.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.12
N. T. Sugito, I. Gumilar, A. Hernandi, A. P. Handayani, M. Dede
The availability of land in Bandung City become a challenge for urban development. Bandung has long been an urbanization destination for Indonesians besides Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar. Currently there was still limited research that explores land values and spatial planning for urban areas. This study aims to develop spatial modeling for land values using a semi-variogram and geostatistical approach in urban areas. Our research was conducted in Bandung City, West Java (Indonesia). Data was selected based on purposive sampling involving 50 land price and 95 building price samples throughout the city. The collected data were then analyzed using 4 semi-variogram models and Ordinary Kriging to derive the spatial distribution of land values. Land value referred to spatial modeling from the geographic information system. The results of the analysis indicated that the semi-variogram stable type was the most suitable model, exhibiting the minimum error by root mean square, mean standardized, root mean square standardized, and average standard error. According to our model, the areas with the highest land values are located close to the city square “Alun-alun”, which is closely associated with government offices, trading areas, defense and security facilities, service areas, education, cultural tourism, and high-density housing. These areas are well known since the Dutch East Indies era. Interestingly, despite the growth pole in Gedebage, the western part of Bandung has higher land values compared to the eastern part. This could be attributed to historical and actual aspects which have had a greater impact on land values than regional plans implemented by the government. Land values management is necessary to guarantee living space as well as to achieve a sustainable city.
{"title":"Utilizing Semi-Variograms and Geostatistical Approach for Land Value Model in Urban Region","authors":"N. T. Sugito, I. Gumilar, A. Hernandi, A. P. Handayani, M. Dede","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.12","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of land in Bandung City become a challenge for urban development. Bandung has long been an urbanization destination for Indonesians besides Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar. Currently there was still limited research that explores land values and spatial planning for urban areas. This study aims to develop spatial modeling for land values using a semi-variogram and geostatistical approach in urban areas. Our research was conducted in Bandung City, West Java (Indonesia). Data was selected based on purposive sampling involving 50 land price and 95 building price samples throughout the city. The collected data were then analyzed using 4 semi-variogram models and Ordinary Kriging to derive the spatial distribution of land values. Land value referred to spatial modeling from the geographic information system. The results of the analysis indicated that the semi-variogram stable type was the most suitable model, exhibiting the minimum error by root mean square, mean standardized, root mean square standardized, and average standard error. According to our model, the areas with the highest land values are located close to the city square “Alun-alun”, which is closely associated with government offices, trading areas, defense and security facilities, service areas, education, cultural tourism, and high-density housing. These areas are well known since the Dutch East Indies era. Interestingly, despite the growth pole in Gedebage, the western part of Bandung has higher land values compared to the eastern part. This could be attributed to historical and actual aspects which have had a greater impact on land values than regional plans implemented by the government. Land values management is necessary to guarantee living space as well as to achieve a sustainable city.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.06
R. Aazami, S. Dabestani, M. Shirkhani
By integrating distributed generation resources with the distribution network, the stability and reliability of the distribution network will increase. Due to the advantages of microgrids and the need to implement them, as well as the high cost of installation of distributed generation resources, the existence of a comprehensive and optimal method by considering various aspects of microgrid design is felt more than ever. In this paper, an optimal method for designing microgrids with various conditions is presented. In the first stage, the design of microgrids is discussed on a multi-purpose basis, considering its economic aspects. At this stage, to make a compromise between the economic aspects, the proposed problem is modeled as two-objective functions. In the second stage, the design of distributed generation sources is done in the first level and then in the second level, the optimal placement of switches is done to determine the electrical boundaries of microgrids. In this paper, the discussion of optimal microgrid location based on economic planning using a two-level particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on the standard IEEE 33 Bus network in MATLAB software was performed and for this network, three microgrids with two keys were used.
{"title":"Optimal Capacity and Location for Renewable-based Microgrids Considering Economic Planning in Distribution Networks","authors":"R. Aazami, S. Dabestani, M. Shirkhani","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.06","url":null,"abstract":"By integrating distributed generation resources with the distribution network, the stability and reliability of the distribution network will increase. Due to the advantages of microgrids and the need to implement them, as well as the high cost of installation of distributed generation resources, the existence of a comprehensive and optimal method by considering various aspects of microgrid design is felt more than ever. In this paper, an optimal method for designing microgrids with various conditions is presented. In the first stage, the design of microgrids is discussed on a multi-purpose basis, considering its economic aspects. At this stage, to make a compromise between the economic aspects, the proposed problem is modeled as two-objective functions. In the second stage, the design of distributed generation sources is done in the first level and then in the second level, the optimal placement of switches is done to determine the electrical boundaries of microgrids. In this paper, the discussion of optimal microgrid location based on economic planning using a two-level particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on the standard IEEE 33 Bus network in MATLAB software was performed and for this network, three microgrids with two keys were used.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.01
S. Howldar, B. Balaji, K. Srinivasa Rao
This paper presents a design and analysis of a Hetero Dielectric Dual Material Gate Underlap Spacer Tunnel Field Effect Transistor, aiming to enhance device performance and overcome inherent limitations. The proposed design incorporates a hetero dielectric gate stack, which consists of two distinct dielectric materials such as high-k-dielectric material as hafnium oxide (HfO2) and low-k dielectric material as silicon dioxide (SiO2). With different permittivity values. By selecting these materials, the gate stack can effectively modulate the electric field distribution within the device, improving electrostatic control and reducing ambipolar conduction. Furthermore, an underlap spacer is introduced in the presented structure to create a physical separation between the source and the channel regions. This spacer helps in reducing the direct source-to-drain tunneling current, enhancing the Ion/Ioff current ratio and reducing the subthreshold swing. Additionally, the underlap spacer enables improved gate control over the tunneling process. The proposed Tunnel Field Effect Transistor design is thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulations based on the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator. Performance metrics as the on-state current (Ion), the off-state current (Ioff), ION/IOFF ratio, drain conductance (Gd) and transconductance (Gm) to assess the device's performance. Therefore, these improvements contribute to lower power consumption and improved circuit performance, making it a promising device for low-power applications.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Hetero Dielectric Dual Material Gate Underlap Spacer Tunnel Field Effect Transistor","authors":"S. Howldar, B. Balaji, K. Srinivasa Rao","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design and analysis of a Hetero Dielectric Dual Material Gate Underlap Spacer Tunnel Field Effect Transistor, aiming to enhance device performance and overcome inherent limitations. The proposed design incorporates a hetero dielectric gate stack, which consists of two distinct dielectric materials such as high-k-dielectric material as hafnium oxide (HfO2) and low-k dielectric material as silicon dioxide (SiO2). With different permittivity values. By selecting these materials, the gate stack can effectively modulate the electric field distribution within the device, improving electrostatic control and reducing ambipolar conduction. Furthermore, an underlap spacer is introduced in the presented structure to create a physical separation between the source and the channel regions. This spacer helps in reducing the direct source-to-drain tunneling current, enhancing the Ion/Ioff current ratio and reducing the subthreshold swing. Additionally, the underlap spacer enables improved gate control over the tunneling process. The proposed Tunnel Field Effect Transistor design is thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulations based on the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator. Performance metrics as the on-state current (Ion), the off-state current (Ioff), ION/IOFF ratio, drain conductance (Gd) and transconductance (Gm) to assess the device's performance. Therefore, these improvements contribute to lower power consumption and improved circuit performance, making it a promising device for low-power applications.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.02
M. Arehpanahi, M. Zare Ravandy
In this paper, a new online technique for Hall Effect sensor fault diagnosis in brushless DC (BLDC) motor is proposed. The proposed technique is based on phase current waveform analysis and does not need any Hall sensor information. The normalized phases current values are analyzed per and post-sensor fault in every cycle. Using a definition of suitable conditions and threshold values for normalized currents values, all sensor fault types (i.e. set to 0 and 1) could be detected and located online effectively. The main contribution of this paper is introducing an online BLDC sensor fault detection and location technique under low-speed operation and transient conditions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in all of the sensor faults types diagnosis without any sensor output value information. Two different types of BLDC motors are considered for fault diagnosis using the proposed technique. Simulation results during starting and low-speed operations of BLDC motor are well confirmed by the experimental results.
{"title":"A new Online Hall Effect Sensor Fault Detection and Location in Brushless DC Motor Based on Normalized Phases Currents Analysis","authors":"M. Arehpanahi, M. Zare Ravandy","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new online technique for Hall Effect sensor fault diagnosis in brushless DC (BLDC) motor is proposed. The proposed technique is based on phase current waveform analysis and does not need any Hall sensor information. The normalized phases current values are analyzed per and post-sensor fault in every cycle. Using a definition of suitable conditions and threshold values for normalized currents values, all sensor fault types (i.e. set to 0 and 1) could be detected and located online effectively. The main contribution of this paper is introducing an online BLDC sensor fault detection and location technique under low-speed operation and transient conditions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in all of the sensor faults types diagnosis without any sensor output value information. Two different types of BLDC motors are considered for fault diagnosis using the proposed technique. Simulation results during starting and low-speed operations of BLDC motor are well confirmed by the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135911367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.17
A. S. J. Al-Zuheriy
The Strut-and-Tie modeling (STM) technique represents an applicable and valuable method for structural engineers to design disturbed regions (D-regions) of reinforced concrete structures where the assumption of plane sections remaining plane after loading is inapplicable. The most important aspect to guarantee the suitable structural and economic performance of the design is finding a suitable truss-analogy model, leading to the use of a more efficient model in structural buildings. The evaluation of the antisymmetric Strut-and-Tie models (STM) with openings under different concentrated external loads has not been comprehensively investigated in the literature. So, to address this gap, the goal of this paper is to achieve the most efficient reinforcement layout design in antisymmetric reinforced concrete deep beams with openings under concentrated loading using the strut and tie model. The experimental work was conducted and included (3) antisymmetric reinforced concrete deep beams with openings that were tested under different concentrated loadings (25, 35, and 16 kips for Specimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively) using the strut and tie model. The ANSYS FEM software is used for the initial strut and tie analysis, and the RISA-3D structural analysis program is used to find the internal forces for all members under concentrated external loads in each specimen. The findings of this paper show that Specimen 1 had the highest efficiency of 1.67, while Specimen 3 had the lowest efficiency of 1.31. It can be concluded that the efficient reinforcement layout of the strut and tie model leads to the highest efficiency of the model, regardless of the value of the externally applied load.
{"title":"Experimental Study to Evaluate Antisymmetric Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Openings under Concentrated Loading Using Strut and Tie Model","authors":"A. S. J. Al-Zuheriy","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Strut-and-Tie modeling (STM) technique represents an applicable and valuable method for structural engineers to design disturbed regions (D-regions) of reinforced concrete structures where the assumption of plane sections remaining plane after loading is inapplicable. The most important aspect to guarantee the suitable structural and economic performance of the design is finding a suitable truss-analogy model, leading to the use of a more efficient model in structural buildings. The evaluation of the antisymmetric Strut-and-Tie models (STM) with openings under different concentrated external loads has not been comprehensively investigated in the literature. So, to address this gap, the goal of this paper is to achieve the most efficient reinforcement layout design in antisymmetric reinforced concrete deep beams with openings under concentrated loading using the strut and tie model. The experimental work was conducted and included (3) antisymmetric reinforced concrete deep beams with openings that were tested under different concentrated loadings (25, 35, and 16 kips for Specimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively) using the strut and tie model. The ANSYS FEM software is used for the initial strut and tie analysis, and the RISA-3D structural analysis program is used to find the internal forces for all members under concentrated external loads in each specimen. The findings of this paper show that Specimen 1 had the highest efficiency of 1.67, while Specimen 3 had the lowest efficiency of 1.31. It can be concluded that the efficient reinforcement layout of the strut and tie model leads to the highest efficiency of the model, regardless of the value of the externally applied load.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.09
S. A. Hosseini, F. A. Khankahdani, S. A. H. Moosavinezhad
Aggressive environment reduces the mechanical and durability-related properties of concrete. In this study, the effects of exposing the concrete containing crumbed tire rubber (CTR) to aggressive environmental conditions, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) is investigated. For this purpose, 5, 10, and 15% of the fine aggregate of the mixing design were partially replaced with the CTR, and then at the age of 7 days, when the concrete reached almost 70% of the initial strength, the samples were placed in water containing 2% HCl for 28 and 90 days. In this study, the effect of using Nano-SiO2(NS) in the rubberized concrete and its behavior in acidic environments by replacing 5 and 10% by weight of cement with NS was also studied. Compressive strength and mass loss were evaluated at 28 and 90 days after casting. The results showed that the detrimental effects of HCl on the compressive strength of concrete significantly increased with an increasing in CTR content of concrete. The results also indicated that the impact of HCl acid on mass loss is improved by increasing the percentage of CTR so that the sample with the 15% crumbed tire showed a 7% lower weight reduction than the control sample.
{"title":"Effect of Acidic Environments Containing Hydrochloric Acid on Rubberized Concrete","authors":"S. A. Hosseini, F. A. Khankahdani, S. A. H. Moosavinezhad","doi":"10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2023.36.12c.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aggressive environment reduces the mechanical and durability-related properties of concrete. In this study, the effects of exposing the concrete containing crumbed tire rubber (CTR) to aggressive environmental conditions, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) is investigated. For this purpose, 5, 10, and 15% of the fine aggregate of the mixing design were partially replaced with the CTR, and then at the age of 7 days, when the concrete reached almost 70% of the initial strength, the samples were placed in water containing 2% HCl for 28 and 90 days. In this study, the effect of using Nano-SiO2(NS) in the rubberized concrete and its behavior in acidic environments by replacing 5 and 10% by weight of cement with NS was also studied. Compressive strength and mass loss were evaluated at 28 and 90 days after casting. The results showed that the detrimental effects of HCl on the compressive strength of concrete significantly increased with an increasing in CTR content of concrete. The results also indicated that the impact of HCl acid on mass loss is improved by increasing the percentage of CTR so that the sample with the 15% crumbed tire showed a 7% lower weight reduction than the control sample.","PeriodicalId":14066,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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