abstract:I examine the rise in adoptee community-building and activism on the internet, paying close attention to the ways emotions are shared, generated, and sustained in online interactions. Utilizing a framework from the philosophy of cognitive science that argues for a collective or distributed account of affect, I argue that this model suitably explains the ways affective exchanges take place in adoptee communities. Even though these exchanges are largely asynchronous and remote, there is evidence that emotional contagion and entrainment—features that mark collective and distributed theories of affect—can be sustained online. Turning to my own adoption narrative and how my identity as an adoptee has shaped and been shaped by my experiences in "Adoptionland," I provide further evidence for the model I am proposing for understanding adoptee communities online. Finally, I argue that taking the framework I've provided seriously would have important potential benefits for improving mental healthcare and other social support systems for adult adoptees.
{"title":"Adoptees Online: Community-Building, Collective Affect, and a New Generation of Activists","authors":"Michele Merritt","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:I examine the rise in adoptee community-building and activism on the internet, paying close attention to the ways emotions are shared, generated, and sustained in online interactions. Utilizing a framework from the philosophy of cognitive science that argues for a collective or distributed account of affect, I argue that this model suitably explains the ways affective exchanges take place in adoptee communities. Even though these exchanges are largely asynchronous and remote, there is evidence that emotional contagion and entrainment—features that mark collective and distributed theories of affect—can be sustained online. Turning to my own adoption narrative and how my identity as an adoptee has shaped and been shaped by my experiences in \"Adoptionland,\" I provide further evidence for the model I am proposing for understanding adoptee communities online. Finally, I argue that taking the framework I've provided seriously would have important potential benefits for improving mental healthcare and other social support systems for adult adoptees.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:The paper examines the theme of adoption and motherhood in hijra representations in mainstream Indian cinema. Hijras are members of a nonbinary community in regions of South Asia who are born as males but identify mostly as females or third gender. The community is one of the most visible sexual minorities in the subcontinent and can be easily located on the streets across the country, begging, mostly, at traffic signals. They continue to live on the fringes of the mainstream society because they have no other occupation than prostitution and begging. They have also long suffered from misrepresentation in the mainstream culture which obstructs their social integration.The paper argues that adoption and motherhood, which are central to hijra identities, and also to the formation of hijra kinship ties, are almost always presented as "unnatural" and criminal in the Indian mainstream commercial films, demonizing the community. In an in-depth analysis of two Indian films, Darmiyaan and Tamanna, I argue that they offer sustained representations of hijra kinship ties, focusing on key themes of adoption and nonbiological parenting, and challenge the conventional idea of "motherhood." Following in the footsteps of scholars such as David Eng, Kim Park Nelson, and Peggy Phelan, this paper critically studies hijra initiation practice with an intersectional lens in order to expose the structural inequalities of race, class, and religion in hijra filmic representations. Thus, this paper starts a conversation in the area of queer, non-cis, community-based "adoption" from the Indian subcontinent.
本文考察了印度主流电影中海吉拉表现中的收养和母性主题。海吉拉是南亚地区一个非二元性别群体的成员，他们出生时是男性，但大多认同为女性或第三性别。这个群体是印度次大陆上最显眼的性少数群体之一，可以很容易地在全国各地的街道上找到他们，主要是在交通信号灯处乞讨。她们继续生活在主流社会的边缘，因为她们除了卖淫和乞讨没有其他职业。他们也长期遭受主流文化的歪曲，阻碍了他们的社会融入。本文认为，收养和母性是海吉拉身份的核心，也是海吉拉亲属关系形成的核心，在印度主流商业电影中几乎总是被呈现为“不自然”和犯罪，妖魔化了这个社区。在对两部印度电影《达米亚安》(Darmiyaan)和《塔玛娜》(Tamanna)的深入分析中，我认为它们持续呈现了海吉拉(hijra)的亲属关系，重点关注收养和非亲生养育的关键主题，并挑战了“母性”的传统观念。本文跟随David Eng、Kim Park Nelson和Peggy Phelan等学者的脚步，以交叉视角批判性地研究海吉拉启蒙实践，以揭示海吉拉电影表现中种族、阶级和宗教的结构性不平等。因此，本文开始讨论来自印度次大陆的酷儿、非顺性、社区“收养”问题。
{"title":"Hijra Representations in Bollywood: Adoption and Legal Discourses","authors":"Rukhsar Hussain","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The paper examines the theme of adoption and motherhood in hijra representations in mainstream Indian cinema. Hijras are members of a nonbinary community in regions of South Asia who are born as males but identify mostly as females or third gender. The community is one of the most visible sexual minorities in the subcontinent and can be easily located on the streets across the country, begging, mostly, at traffic signals. They continue to live on the fringes of the mainstream society because they have no other occupation than prostitution and begging. They have also long suffered from misrepresentation in the mainstream culture which obstructs their social integration.The paper argues that adoption and motherhood, which are central to hijra identities, and also to the formation of hijra kinship ties, are almost always presented as \"unnatural\" and criminal in the Indian mainstream commercial films, demonizing the community. In an in-depth analysis of two Indian films, Darmiyaan and Tamanna, I argue that they offer sustained representations of hijra kinship ties, focusing on key themes of adoption and nonbiological parenting, and challenge the conventional idea of \"motherhood.\" Following in the footsteps of scholars such as David Eng, Kim Park Nelson, and Peggy Phelan, this paper critically studies hijra initiation practice with an intersectional lens in order to expose the structural inequalities of race, class, and religion in hijra filmic representations. Thus, this paper starts a conversation in the area of queer, non-cis, community-based \"adoption\" from the Indian subcontinent.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127355203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:These informal reflections on the past, present, and possible futures of adoption and kinship studies explore connections and tensions among familial norms, disciplinary boundaries, and narratives of belonging.
{"title":"Normativity and Belonging: Reflections about Critical Adoption Studies","authors":"Shelley M. Park","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:These informal reflections on the past, present, and possible futures of adoption and kinship studies explore connections and tensions among familial norms, disciplinary boundaries, and narratives of belonging.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114069447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This review addresses Valerie Andrews's book White Unwed Mother: The Adoption Mandate in Postwar Canada. Andrews's account is both historical and scholarly and makes an important contribution to the field of critical feminist adoption studies. This work offers readers insight into the social, legal, and historical precedents set in Canada in the years following World War Two that established modern adoption practices and created a system of violence toward women. The book is an exploration of the way that adoption and feminism should be linked in the literature about adoption and serves as a call to action for those who research and study adoption as a cultural phenomenon. This review evaluates the author's approach and her contribution to the field of adoption studies.
{"title":"White Unwed Mother: The Adoption Mandate in Postwar Canada by Valerie J. Andrews (review)","authors":"Liz Debetta","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This review addresses Valerie Andrews's book White Unwed Mother: The Adoption Mandate in Postwar Canada. Andrews's account is both historical and scholarly and makes an important contribution to the field of critical feminist adoption studies. This work offers readers insight into the social, legal, and historical precedents set in Canada in the years following World War Two that established modern adoption practices and created a system of violence toward women. The book is an exploration of the way that adoption and feminism should be linked in the literature about adoption and serves as a call to action for those who research and study adoption as a cultural phenomenon. This review evaluates the author's approach and her contribution to the field of adoption studies.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121168013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adoption and Multiculturalism: Europe, the Americas, and the Pacific ed. by Jenny Heijun Wills et al. (review)","authors":"Barbara Yngvesson","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121220550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Transracial adoption has primarily been examined via the perspective of White adoptive parents and their transracially adopted children. This essay examines transracial adoption from an Asian American adoptive mother's perspective, a unique voice in the adoption triad. Part memoir and part literary analysis, "On Mothering" makes space in recent conversations around transracial adoption to include adoptive parents of color, as well as examines how adoption complicates and illuminates racialized mothering.
{"title":"On Mothering: Notes From an Asian American Transracial Adoptive Mother","authors":"Jinny Huh","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Transracial adoption has primarily been examined via the perspective of White adoptive parents and their transracially adopted children. This essay examines transracial adoption from an Asian American adoptive mother's perspective, a unique voice in the adoption triad. Part memoir and part literary analysis, \"On Mothering\" makes space in recent conversations around transracial adoption to include adoptive parents of color, as well as examines how adoption complicates and illuminates racialized mothering.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130009905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:The present volume seeks both to acknowledge the present state of the portrayal of adoption in popular culture and to examine those aspects of adoption not usually acknowledged but nevertheless present in popular culture. The first three articles in this collection analyze the images of adoption in wellknown cultural artifacts: the Jurassic Park movies; three popular movies, largely geared to children, that portray the reunion of adoptees and biological parents in American Asian adoptions; and the depiction of motherhood, adoptive and otherwise, in the HBO series based on a contemporary and popular work of fiction, Celeste Ng's Little Fires Everywhere. Alice Diver uses the law and literature to discusses the treatment of children produced by artificial technology, juxtaposing recent legal decisions that leave some children stateless and without rights with literary works that treat children with dubious, "unnatural" origins. Finally, Rukhsar Hussain discusses the derogatory representation in Indian Cinema of the hijra, nonbinary-identifying members of communities in South Asia.
{"title":"Introduction: The Portrayal of Adoption in Popular Culture","authors":"Martha Satz","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The present volume seeks both to acknowledge the present state of the portrayal of adoption in popular culture and to examine those aspects of adoption not usually acknowledged but nevertheless present in popular culture. The first three articles in this collection analyze the images of adoption in wellknown cultural artifacts: the Jurassic Park movies; three popular movies, largely geared to children, that portray the reunion of adoptees and biological parents in American Asian adoptions; and the depiction of motherhood, adoptive and otherwise, in the HBO series based on a contemporary and popular work of fiction, Celeste Ng's Little Fires Everywhere. Alice Diver uses the law and literature to discusses the treatment of children produced by artificial technology, juxtaposing recent legal decisions that leave some children stateless and without rights with literary works that treat children with dubious, \"unnatural\" origins. Finally, Rukhsar Hussain discusses the derogatory representation in Indian Cinema of the hijra, nonbinary-identifying members of communities in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123012312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:As a Korean adoptee engaged in critical adoption studies research, my personal perspectives and academic pursuits are inherently intertwined. Because I come from an interdisciplinary Ethnic Studies background, the scholars and writers who influence and inform my work are diverse in their perspectives, disciplines, and methodologies. In my own research, I draw from the creative voices of transracial adoptee writers, frameworks of gendered colonialism, the interdisciplinary field of Asian American Studies, and the emerging scholarship of Korean adoption studies. My academic engagement with these bodies of research and wisdom has led to not only clarity in my own research, but has contributed to defining my sense of self as a transracial, transnational adoptee.
{"title":"Points of Origin: Finding Self in Critical Adoption Studies Research","authors":"Kira A. Donnell","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:As a Korean adoptee engaged in critical adoption studies research, my personal perspectives and academic pursuits are inherently intertwined. Because I come from an interdisciplinary Ethnic Studies background, the scholars and writers who influence and inform my work are diverse in their perspectives, disciplines, and methodologies. In my own research, I draw from the creative voices of transracial adoptee writers, frameworks of gendered colonialism, the interdisciplinary field of Asian American Studies, and the emerging scholarship of Korean adoption studies. My academic engagement with these bodies of research and wisdom has led to not only clarity in my own research, but has contributed to defining my sense of self as a transracial, transnational adoptee.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132843891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:My study of forty-three published memoirs by people with the three closest relations to adoption shows some frequent patterns. Birth mothers didn't realize how hard it would be to deal with relinquishment, adoptive parents could have used more information, adoption agencies and professionals are often negligent or deceptive, most adoptees want to know more about their family history. These memoirs mostly support moving toward more openness and a more inclusive understanding of family and identity. If their insights are taken seriously, the proportion of adoptions with greater degrees of openness is likely to increase in the future.
{"title":"Memoirs and the Future of Adoption","authors":"Marianne Novy","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:My study of forty-three published memoirs by people with the three closest relations to adoption shows some frequent patterns. Birth mothers didn't realize how hard it would be to deal with relinquishment, adoptive parents could have used more information, adoption agencies and professionals are often negligent or deceptive, most adoptees want to know more about their family history. These memoirs mostly support moving toward more openness and a more inclusive understanding of family and identity. If their insights are taken seriously, the proportion of adoptions with greater degrees of openness is likely to increase in the future.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114661300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Much Gothic literature touches upon the concepts of familial injustice, disconnect from origin, and ill-treatment of the "monstrously-othered" or abandoned child. Certain works of fiction mirror those judicial discourses that involve contentious issues of unknown ancestry, not least anonymous gamete donation and cross-border surrogacy. Three novels in particular see their characters rendered monstrous by law, society, or unwritten norms of behavior: the clones of Katzuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go, the unnamed monster in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, and Emily Brontë's Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, share common features and horrific fates of endless exile. They are abused largely because of their genetic losses and unknowable origins, and thereby doomed to undertake fruitless quests and suffer flawed or fatal reunions. Dehumanizing policies of disenfranchisement enable or perpetuate such inequalities, but are justified in law, to preserve social order. In courtrooms too, there is a judicial need to balance conflicting human rights and interests: privacy, identity, family life. A "monstrous othering" can thus result, permanently exiling certain individuals from fundamental human rights protections. This is so despite the principles of child welfare paramountcy and best interests, not least where cross-border surrogacy, contact vetoes and sealed birth records are involved.
{"title":"\"Monstrous Othering\": The Gothic Nature of Origin-Tracing in Law and Literature","authors":"A. Diver","doi":"10.1353/ado.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ado.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Much Gothic literature touches upon the concepts of familial injustice, disconnect from origin, and ill-treatment of the \"monstrously-othered\" or abandoned child. Certain works of fiction mirror those judicial discourses that involve contentious issues of unknown ancestry, not least anonymous gamete donation and cross-border surrogacy. Three novels in particular see their characters rendered monstrous by law, society, or unwritten norms of behavior: the clones of Katzuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go, the unnamed monster in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, and Emily Brontë's Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, share common features and horrific fates of endless exile. They are abused largely because of their genetic losses and unknowable origins, and thereby doomed to undertake fruitless quests and suffer flawed or fatal reunions. Dehumanizing policies of disenfranchisement enable or perpetuate such inequalities, but are justified in law, to preserve social order. In courtrooms too, there is a judicial need to balance conflicting human rights and interests: privacy, identity, family life. A \"monstrous othering\" can thus result, permanently exiling certain individuals from fundamental human rights protections. This is so despite the principles of child welfare paramountcy and best interests, not least where cross-border surrogacy, contact vetoes and sealed birth records are involved.","PeriodicalId":140707,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & Culture","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122323267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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